Java EE WEB工程师培训-JDBC+Servlet+JSP整合开发之11.Servlet简介

–为什么需要动态创建Web页面？
–Servlet 的功能
–Servlet 相对“传统” CGI的优势
–Servlet 的相关类和接口
–Servlet 实例
• “HelloWorld” Servlet

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• 为什么需要动态创建Web页面？
–Web页面基于用户提交的数据
• 例如，搜索引擎的结果和在线商店的订单确认信息
–Web 页面的数据频繁改变
• 例如，天气预报和新闻头条
–页面信息来自数据库
• 例如，电子商务网站的每日销售商品的价格清单

• Servlet 的功能
–读取客户端发来的显示信息（表单数据）
–读取客户端发来的隐式信息（请求头信息）
–生成相应结果
–发送显示信息给客户端（HTML）
–发送隐式数据到客户端（状态码和响应头信息）

• Servlet 相对“传统”CGI的优势
–效率高
• 线程取代操作系统的进程
–方便
• 大量高级工具类
–功能强大
• 共享数据，数据持久性
–轻便
• 可以运行在所有操作系统上
–廉价
• 有大量的免费或价格较低的服务器
–安全
• 没有缓存溢出问题
–主流

• Servlet 的相关类和接口
– 包结构
• javax.servlet
• javax.servlet.http

– Servlet 接口
• public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException
• public ServletConfig getServletConfig()
• public void service(ServletRequest req,ServletResponse res) throws
ServletException,java.io.IOException
• public java.lang.String getServletInfo()
• public void destroy()

– ServletConfig
• public java.lang.String getServletName()
• public java.lang.String getInitParameter(java.lang.String name)
• public java.util.Enumeration getInitParameterNames()

– ServletContext
• public ServletContext getContext(java.lang.String uripath)
• public RequestDispatcher getRequestDispatcher(java.lang.String path)
• public void log(java.lang.String msg)
• public java.lang.String getRealPath(java.lang.String path)
• public java.lang.String getInitParameter(java.lang.String name)
• public java.lang.Object getAttribute(java.lang.String name)

– ServletRequest
• public void setAttribute(java.lang.String name,java.lang.Object o)
• public void setCharacterEncoding(java.lang.String env) throws java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException
• public java.lang.String getParameter(java.lang.String name)
• public java.lang.String[] getParameterValues(java.lang.String name)

– ServletResponse
• public ServletOutputStream getOutputStream() hrows java.io.IOException
• public java.io.PrintWriter getWriter() throws java.io.IOException

– GenericServlet
• public abstract class GenericServlet
• extends java.lang.Object
• implements Servlet, ServletConfig, java.io.Serializable

– HttpServlet
• public abstract class HttpServlet
• extends GenericServlet
• implements java.io.Serializable

– HttpServletRequest
• public interface HttpServletRequest
• extends ServletRequest

– HttpServletResponse
• public interface HttpServletResponse
• extends ServletResponse

– HttpSession
• public void setAttribute(java.lang.String name,java.lang.Object value)
• public void invalidate()

• Servlet 实例
–“HelloWorld” Servlet
• 创建一个HelloWorldServlet类
–编写一个类“HelloWorldServlet”继承HttpServlet
–覆盖HttpServlet中的doGet方法
–在doGet方法中将“Hello World Servlet”输出

• 声明、映射Servlet
–声明Servlet

–映射Servlet

• 调用Servlet方式
–URL
–提交表单
–超级连接
–JavaScript脚本 

• 运行结果

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URL调用Servlet方法

创建一个MyServlet类

MyServlet.java

package com.michael.servlet;    

import java.io.IOException;    
import java.io.PrintWriter;    

import javax.servlet.ServletException;    
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;    
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;    
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;    

public class MyServlet extends HttpServlet{    

        @Override    
         protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {    
                PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();    
                out.println( "My blog is http://redking.blog.51cto.com");    
        }    

        @Override    
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {    
                doGet(request,response);    
        }    
}

申明、映射Servlet

web.xml

<? xml version ="1.0" encoding ="UTF-8" ?>    
< web-app version ="2.4"    
         xmlns ="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"    
         xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee    
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd" >    

        <!-- 申明Servlet -->    
         < servlet >    
                 < servlet-name >王乾De技术Blog[爱生活，爱学习] </ servlet-name >    
                 < servlet-class >com.michael.servlet.MyServlet </ servlet-class >    
         </ servlet >    
        <!-- 映射Servlet -->    
         < servlet-mapping >    
                 < servlet-name >王乾De技术Blog[爱生活，爱学习] </ servlet-name >    
                 < url-pattern >/servlet/michael.do </ url-pattern >    
         </ servlet-mapping >    
</ web-app >

测试

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提交表单调用Servlet方法

增加一个login.html页面

< !DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" >    
< html >    
     < head >    
         < title >login.html </title>    
         < meta http-equiv ="keywords" content ="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3" >    
         < meta http-equiv ="description" content ="this is my page" >    
         < meta http-equiv ="content-type" content ="text/html; charset=gbk" >    
         < ! --<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./styles.css">-->    

     </head>    
     < body >    
         < form action ="/Servlet_Info/servlet/michael.do" method ="post" >    
             < table border ="0" >    
                 < tr >    
                     < td >帐号: </td>    
                     < td > < input type ="text" name ="user" id ="login" > </td>    
                 </tr>    
                 < tr >    
                     < td >密码: </td>    
                     < td > < input type ="password" name ="password" id ="password" > </td>    
                 </tr>    
                 < tr >    
                     < td colspan ="2" align ="center" > < input type ="submit" value ="登录" > </td>    
                 </tr>    
             </table>    
         </form>    
     </body>    
</html>

测试

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超链接调用Servlet方法

测试

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JavaScript脚本调用Servlet方式

login.html

< !DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" >    
< html >    
     < head >    
         < title >login.html </title>    
         < meta http-equiv ="keywords" content ="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3" >    
         < meta http-equiv ="description" content ="this is my page" >    
         < meta http-equiv ="content-type" content ="text/html; charset=gbk" >    
         < ! --<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./styles.css">-->    

         < script type ="text/javascript" >    
                function invoke(){    
                        var myForm = document.getElementById("michaelForm");    
                        myForm.action = "/Servlet_Info/servlet/michael.do";    
                        myForm.submit();    
                }    
         </script>    
     </head>    
     < body >    
             < a href ="/Servlet_Info/servlet/michael.do" >click me!!! </a>    
         < form id ="michaelForm" action ="/Servlet_Info/servlet/michael.do" method ="post" >    
             < table border ="0" >    
                 < tr >    
                     < td >帐号: </td>    
                     < td > < input type ="text" name ="user" id ="login" > </td>    
                 </tr>    
                 < tr >    
                     < td >密码: </td>    
                     < td > < input type ="password" name ="password" id ="password" > </td>    
                 </tr>    
                 < tr >    
                     < td colspan ="2" align ="center" > < input type ="submit" value ="登录" > </td>    
                     < input type ="button" value ="JS Submit" onclick ="invoke()" > < br > < br >    
                 </tr>    
             </table>    
         </form>    
     </body>    
</html>

测试

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