三节课python_第三节课： Python 基本数据类型讲解(3/3)

一、类型

1. 不可变类型 string, int, tuple

2. 可变类型 list, dict

>>> a = "test"

>>> a[0]

't'

>>> a[0]=e

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "", line 1, in

NameError: name 'e' is not defined

>>> a = ["t","e","s","t"]

>>> a[0]

't'

>>> a[0]="e"

>>> a

['e', 'e', 's', 't']

二、再究字符串

序列到底是什么？ 老鹰 和 小鸡

1. 三个符号的区别 ‘’，“”， """ """

print "this is 1'"

print 'this is 2"'

print """

'this is 1"'

"this is 2'"

"""

2. 偏移量从0开始

3. 如何修改字符串之 replace find

从下面的语句中，我们要知道a.replace之后 a是不会变化的, 如果需要变化后的值一定要赋值。

>>> a = "this is world"

>>> a.replace("this","that")

'that is world'

>>> a

'this is world'

>>> a = a.replace("this","that")

>>> a

'that is world'

>>> a.find("world")

8

>>> a.find("www")

-1

>>> a[8]

'w'

>>> a[8:]

'world'

如果匹配到多个值，应该怎么办呢?

>>> help(a.find)

Help on built-in function find:

find(...)

S.find(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int

Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found,

such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional

arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.

Return -1 on failure.

>>> a = "world, world, world"

>>> a.find("world")

0

>>> a.find("world",11)

14

三、格式化细究

1. %格式化方法 (占位符)

>>> a = "world, world, world"

>>> a.find("world")

0

>>> a.find("world",11)

14

>>> a = "this is a %s %s" % (4, 10)

>>> print a

this is a 4 10

2. format格式化方法

调用方式 b = "this is {} {}".format("apple","my")

位置方式 b = "this is {1} {0}".format("apple","my")

标识符方式 b = "this is {whose} {fruit}".format(fruit = "apple", whose = "my")

3. 为什么要用format

4. 还有一个方法, 字典来了

a = "this is %(whose)s %(fruit)s" % {'whose':'apple', 'fruit':'my'}

四、再议打开文件

写好文件后要关闭文件

a = open("tmp1.txt","w")

a.write("this is a apple")

a.close()

读文件之间要 打开并读文件，将文件赋给变量

a = open("tmp1.txt","r")

a.read(20)

a.seek(0)

a.read(20)

标准库介绍 linecache

>>> a.write("haha\nhaha\nsfasdda\nsdfsa")

>>> a.close()

>>> import linecache

>>> print linecache.getline("tmp2.txt",1)

haha

>>> print linecache.getline("tmp2.txt",2)

haha

>>> print linecache.getline("tmp2.txt",3)

sfasdda

>>> print linecache.getline("tmp2.txt",4)

sdfsa

>>> lines = linecache.getlines("tmp2.txt")

>>> print lines

['haha\n', 'haha\n', 'sfasdda\n', 'sdfsa\n']

>>> help(linecache)

NAME

linecache - Cache lines from files.

FILE

d:\python27\lib\linecache.py

DESCRIPTION

This is intended to read lines from modules imported -- hence if a filename

is not found, it will look down the module search path for a file by

that name.

FUNCTIONS

checkcache(filename=None)

Discard cache entries that are out of date.

(This is not checked upon each call!)

clearcache()

Clear the cache entirely.

getline(filename, lineno, module_globals=None)

DATA

__all__ = ['getline', 'clearcache', 'checkcache']

可以查看源代码,

看源代码, 其实很是挺简单的. 不要畏难, 没有什么东西搞不懂的, 一旦畏难就会产生距离感。

多练习, 不要光学理论. 硬着头皮看东西, 有问题多问. (老师说的这句话我还是非常认同的)