Yum全称是Yellowdogupdatermodified,在安装软件时用的最多也是最方便的，最大的好处是：可以自动解决安装软件包的依赖关系。

1.yum服务器

使用yum来进行软件包安装时，需要制定yum服务器，

这是

[base] #代表容器的名字，中括号一定存在，名字可以随其的定义
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - 163.com #说明一下容器的意义
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os #列出容器可以使用的镜像站点，此项可以注释掉
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/ #这是最重要的配置，是容器的实际网址
enable=1 #启动这个容器，不启动设置为0
gpgcheck=1 #是否开启查阅rpm文件的数字证书
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5 #数字证书的公钥文件所在的位置

$releasever:表示你的系统的版本，变量会自动的检测你的版本
$basearch:表示CPU的架构，是x86_64,还是i386系列
yum服务器配置总结：
1.通过baseurl=来指定服务器的地址有三种方式：
file：///  #yum源在本地，后面为一个目录的绝对路径
http://   #网络地址，
ftp://   #ftp地址
无论哪种方式，网址或目录下一个有一个repodata目录，这是最重要，也是地址设置时的方法。yum服务器之所以可以工作就是由于该目录下面的几个重要的文件

2.repodata目录的信息

comps.xml                                          filelists.sqlite.bz2
filelists.xml.gz  #所有rpm包生成的文件列表                                   other.sqlite.bz2
other.xml.gz #额外的文件信息，包含rpm包的改变日志信息
primary.sqlite.bz2
primary.xml.gz  #当前yum仓库内每一个rpm包的名字及彼此的依赖关系，以及每一个rpm包能够生成的文件
repomd.xml  #保留时间戳，检查rpm文件是否改变

3.yum的配置文件

[root@zhu1 ~]# vim /etc/yum.conf
[main]
cachedir=/var/cache/yum #yum的缓存目录
keepcache=0 #是否保存缓存文件
debuglevel=2 #调试级别
logfile=/var/log/yum.log #日志文件
distroverpkg=redhat-release #秘钥文件
tolerant=1 #在进行安装软件时，当有的软件已安装，则忽略此现象，而不会终止其他软件的安装
exactarch=1 #是否精确匹配，安装指定平台的包
obsoletes=1 #是否检查垃圾文件的包
gpgcheck=1 #是否启用验证
plugins=1 #是否支持插件
bugtracker_url=http://bugs.centos.org/yum5bug
# Note: yum-RHN-plugin doesn't honor this.
metadata_expire=1h #缓存的时间
installonly_limit = 5
# PUT YOUR REPOS HERE OR IN separate files named file.repo
# in /etc/yum.repos.d #定义yum源文件的位置
~

4.yum常用命令

1.查看可以安装的软件包有

yum list #查看可以安装的软件包清单
[root@zhu1 ~]# yum list | grep vsftpd
vsftpd.i386                              2.0.5-28.el5                  base

2.查看已经安装的软件包

[root@zhu1 ~]# yum list installed

3.查看所有已安装但不在yum仓库内的软件包

[root@zhu1 ~]# yum list extras

4.查看本机上可以升级的软件包

[root@zhu1 ~]# yum list updates

5.查询软件包的名称，可根据部分关键字

[root@zhu1 ~]# yum search vsftpd
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* addons: mirrors.grandcloud.cn
* base: mirrors.grandcloud.cn
* extras: mirrors.grandcloud.cn
* updates: mirrors.grandcloud.cn
=========================================== Matched: vsftpd ===========================================
vsftpd.i386 : vsftpd - 非常安全 Ftp 守护进程

6.查询软件包的详细信息相当于rpm-qi

[root@zhu1 ~]# yum info vsftpd
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* addons: mirrors.grandcloud.cn
* base: mirrors.grandcloud.cn
* extras: mirrors.grandcloud.cn
* updates: mirrors.grandcloud.cn
Installed Packages
Name       : vsftpd
Arch       : i386
Version    : 2.0.5
Release    : 28.el5
Size       : 289 k
Repo       : installed
Summary    : vsftpd - 非常安全 Ftp 守护进程
URL        : http://vsftpd.beasts.org/
License    : GPL
Description: vsftpd 是一个非常安全 FTP 守护进程。它是完全从零开始
: 编写的。

7.根据文件查所属软件

[root@zhu1 ~]# yum provides /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* addons: mirrors.grandcloud.cn
* base: mirrors.grandcloud.cn
* extras: mirrors.grandcloud.cn
* updates: mirrors.grandcloud.cn
vsftpd-2.0.5-28.el5.i386 : vsftpd - 非常安全 Ftp 守护进程
Repo        : base
Matched from:
Filename    : /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
vsftpd-2.0.5-28.el5.i386 : vsftpd - 非常安全 Ftp 守护进程
Repo        : installed
Matched from:
Other       : Provides-match: /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

8.安装

[root@zhu1 ~]# yum -y install vsftpd

9.卸载

[root@zhu1 ~]# yum -y remove vsftpd

10.更新

[root@zhu1 ~]# yum update httpd

11.列出可更新的软件包

[root@zhu1 ~]# yum check-update

12.列出容器个数

[root@zhu1 ~]# yum repolist all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* addons: mirrors.grandcloud.cn
* base: mirrors.grandcloud.cn
* extras: mirrors.grandcloud.cn
* updates: mirrors.grandcloud.cn
repo id                            repo name                                             status
addons                             CentOS-5 - Addons - 163.com                           enabled:     0
base                               CentOS-5 - Base - 163.com                             enabled: 2,770
centosplus                         CentOS-5 - Plus - 163.com                             disabled
contrib                            CentOS-5 - Contrib - 163.com                          disabled
extras                             CentOS-5 - Extras - 163.com                           enabled:   276
updates                            CentOS-5 - Updates - 163.com                          enabled:   508
repolist: 3,554

13.清除yum缓存信息

[root@zhu1 ~]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Cleaning up Everything
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors

15.yum安装开发组

用yum安装开发组
(RHEL6.x)
yum  -y groupinstall        "DesktopPlatform Development"     "Development  tools"  "Server Platform Development"
(RHEL5.x)
yum  -y  groupinstall       "Development  tools " "Development  Libraries"

16.

[root@zhu1 ~]# yum --help
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
usage: yum [options] COMMAND
List of Commands:
check-update   Check for available package updates
clean          Remove cached data
deplist        List a package's dependencies
downgrade      downgrade a package
erase          Remove a package or packages from your system
groupinfo      Display details about a package group
groupinstall   Install the packages in a group on your system
grouplist      List available package groups
groupremove    Remove the packages in a group from your system
help           Display a helpful usage message
info           Display details about a package or group of packages
install        Install a package or packages on your system
list           List a package or groups of packages
localinstall   Install a local RPM
makecache      Generate the metadata cache
provides       Find what package provides the given value
reinstall      reinstall a package
repolist       Display the configured software repositories
resolvedep     Determine which package provides the given dependency
search         Search package details for the given string
shell          Run an interactive yum shell
update         Update a package or packages on your system
upgrade        Update packages taking obsoletes into account
options:
-h, --help            show this help message and exit
-t, --tolerant        be tolerant of errors
-C                    run entirely from cache, don't update cache
-c  [config file]     config file location
-R  [minutes]         maximum command wait time
-d  [debug level]     debugging output level
--showduplicates      show duplicates, in repos, in list/search commands
-e  [error level]     error output level
-q, --quiet           quiet operation
-v, --verbose         verbose operation
-y                    answer yes for all questions
--version             show Yum version and exit
--installroot=[path]  set install root
--enablerepo=[repo]   enable one or more repositories (wildcards allowed)
--disablerepo=[repo]  disable one or more repositories (wildcards allowed)
-x [package], --exclude=[package]
exclude package(s) by name or glob
--disableexcludes=[repo]
disable exclude from main, for a repo or for
everything
--obsoletes           enable obsoletes processing during updates
--noplugins           disable Yum plugins
--nogpgcheck          disable gpg signature checking
--disableplugin=[plugin]
disable plugins by name
--enableplugin=[plugin]
enable plugins by name
--skip-broken         skip packages with depsolving problems
--color=COLOR         control whether color is used
Plugin Options:

5.常用的yum源

1.

[root@zhu1 yum.repos.d]# yum repolist all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
repolist: 0
[root@zhu1 yum.repos.d]# ll
总计 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 87 09-28 03:27 zhu
[root@zhu1 yum.repos.d]# mv zhu zhu.repo
[root@zhu1 yum.repos.d]# yum repolist all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
zhu                                                                             | 1.1 kB     00:00
zhu/primary                                                                     | 983 kB     00:04
zhu                                                                                          2770/2770
repo id                                       repo name                                  status
zhu                                           zhu                                        enabled: 2,770
repolist: 2,770
[root@zhu1 yum.repos.d]# nl zhu.repo
1  [zhu]
2  name=zhu
3  baseurl=http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/centos/5/os/i386/
4  enable=1
5  gpgcheck=0

2.利用宏变量

[root@zhu1 yum.repos.d]# yum repolist all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
zhu                                                                             | 1.1 kB     00:00
zhu/primary                                                                     | 983 kB     00:04
zhu                                                                                          2770/2770
repo id                                       repo name                                  status
zhu                                           zhu                                        enabled: 2,770
repolist: 2,770
[root@zhu1 yum.repos.d]# nl zhu.repo
1  [zhu]
2  name=zhu
3  baseurl=http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
4  enable=1
5  gpgcheck=0

yum源总结

#主要的开源镜像站点资源
#国内高校的开源镜像站
中国科学技术大学(debian.ustc.edu.cn)
上海交通大学(ftp.stju.edu.cn)
大连理工大学(mirror.dlut.edu.cn)
北京交通大学(mirror.bjtu.edu.cn)
北京理工大学(mirror.bit.edu.cn)
东北大学(mirror.neu.edu.cn)
厦门大学(mirrors.xmu.edu.cn)
兰州大学(mirror.lzu.edu.cn)
西安电子科技大学(linux.xidian.edu.cn)
哈尔滨工业大学(run.hit.edu.cn)
天津大学(mirror.tju.edu.cn)
东软信息学院(mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn)
电子科技大学(mirrors.stuhome.net)
#美国各大学的镜像站
卡内基梅隆大学CMU(http://www.club.cc.cmu.edu/pub)
麻省理工学院MIT(http://mirrors.mit.edu/)
哥伦比亚大学(http://mirror.cc.columbia.edu/)
俄勒冈州立大学(http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub)
伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳－香槟分校(http://cosmos.cites.illinois.edu/)
杜克大学(http://archive.linux.duke.edu/)
约翰·霍普金斯大学 (http://mirrors.acm.jhu.edu/)
#企业贡献
搜狐开源镜像站：http://mirrors.sohu.com/
网易开源镜像站：http://mirrors.163.com/

搜狐：

# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - sohu.com
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os
baseurl=http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates - sohu.com
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
baseurl=http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#packages used/produced in the build but not released
[addons]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Addons - sohu.com
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=addons
baseurl=http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/$releasever/addons/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras - sohu.com
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
baseurl=http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus - sohu.com
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
baseurl=http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Contrib - sohu.com
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib
baseurl=http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5

163

# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#packages used/produced in the build but not released
[addons]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Addons - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/addons/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=addons
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Contrib - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5