设置可变顶点格式时增加一个 D3DCOLOR类型的漫反射分量,其中的alpha值指定了alpha混合因子。
//
The 2D vertex format and descriptor
typedef struct
{
float x, y, z; // 2D coordinates
float rhw; // rhw
D3DCOLOR diffuse; // diffuse color component
} VERTEX;
#define VERTEX_FVF (D3DFVF_XYZRHW | D3DFVF_DIFFUSE)
// initialize vertex data
VERTEX verts[] = {
{ 100.0f , 100.0f , 1.0f , 1.0f , D3DCOLOR_RGBA( 0 , 64 , 128 , 255 ) },
{ 300.0f , 100.0f , 1.0f , 1.0f , D3DCOLOR_RGBA( 0 , 64 , 128 , 255 ) },
{ 100.0f , 300.0f , 1.0f , 1.0f , D3DCOLOR_RGBA( 0 , 64 , 128 , 255 ) },
{ 300.0f , 300.0f , 1.0f , 1.0f , D3DCOLOR_RGBA( 0 , 64 , 128 , 255 ) },
{ 50.0f , 150.0f , 1.0f , 1.0f , D3DCOLOR_RGBA( 128 , 0 , 0 , 128 ) },
{ 350.0f , 150.0f , 1.0f , 1.0f , D3DCOLOR_RGBA( 128 , 0 , 0 , 128 ) },
{ 50.0f , 350.0f , 1.0f , 1.0f , D3DCOLOR_RGBA( 128 , 0 , 0 , 128 ) },
{ 350.0f , 350.0f , 1.0f , 1.0f , D3DCOLOR_RGBA( 128 , 0 , 0 , 128 ) }
};
typedef struct
{
float x, y, z; // 2D coordinates
float rhw; // rhw
D3DCOLOR diffuse; // diffuse color component
} VERTEX;
#define VERTEX_FVF (D3DFVF_XYZRHW | D3DFVF_DIFFUSE)
// initialize vertex data
VERTEX verts[] = {
{ 100.0f , 100.0f , 1.0f , 1.0f , D3DCOLOR_RGBA( 0 , 64 , 128 , 255 ) },
{ 300.0f , 100.0f , 1.0f , 1.0f , D3DCOLOR_RGBA( 0 , 64 , 128 , 255 ) },
{ 100.0f , 300.0f , 1.0f , 1.0f , D3DCOLOR_RGBA( 0 , 64 , 128 , 255 ) },
{ 300.0f , 300.0f , 1.0f , 1.0f , D3DCOLOR_RGBA( 0 , 64 , 128 , 255 ) },
{ 50.0f , 150.0f , 1.0f , 1.0f , D3DCOLOR_RGBA( 128 , 0 , 0 , 128 ) },
{ 350.0f , 150.0f , 1.0f , 1.0f , D3DCOLOR_RGBA( 128 , 0 , 0 , 128 ) },
{ 50.0f , 350.0f , 1.0f , 1.0f , D3DCOLOR_RGBA( 128 , 0 , 0 , 128 ) },
{ 350.0f , 350.0f , 1.0f , 1.0f , D3DCOLOR_RGBA( 128 , 0 , 0 , 128 ) }
};
D3DCOLOR类型可以用 D3DCOLOR_RGBA宏来生成,定义如下:
//
maps unsigned 8 bits/channel to D3DCOLOR
#define D3DCOLOR_ARGB(a,r,g,b) \
((D3DCOLOR)((((a) & 0xff ) << 24 ) | (((r) & 0xff ) << 16 ) | (((g) & 0xff ) << 8 ) | ((b) & 0xff )))
#define D3DCOLOR_RGBA(r,g,b,a) D3DCOLOR_ARGB(a,r,g,b)
#define D3DCOLOR_ARGB(a,r,g,b) \
((D3DCOLOR)((((a) & 0xff ) << 24 ) | (((r) & 0xff ) << 16 ) | (((g) & 0xff ) << 8 ) | ((b) & 0xff )))
#define D3DCOLOR_RGBA(r,g,b,a) D3DCOLOR_ARGB(a,r,g,b)
其中的a指定了alpha因子,a为255表示该颜色完全不透明,a为0表示该颜色完全透明。
在绘制的时候,将首先绘制的图形设置为禁用alpha混合模式,将后面绘制的图形设置为启用alpha混合模式,并设置alpha混合具体模式。
//
disable alpha blending and draw 2 polygons
g_d3d_device -> SetRenderState(D3DRS_ALPHABLENDENABLE, FALSE);
g_d3d_device -> DrawPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP, 0 , 2 );
// enable alpha blending and draw 2 polygons
g_d3d_device -> SetRenderState(D3DRS_ALPHABLENDENABLE, TRUE);
g_d3d_device -> SetRenderState(D3DRS_SRCBLEND, D3DBLEND_SRCALPHA);
g_d3d_device -> SetRenderState(D3DRS_DESTBLEND, D3DBLEND_INVSRCALPHA);
g_d3d_device -> DrawPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP, 4 , 2 );
g_d3d_device -> SetRenderState(D3DRS_ALPHABLENDENABLE, FALSE);
g_d3d_device -> DrawPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP, 0 , 2 );
// enable alpha blending and draw 2 polygons
g_d3d_device -> SetRenderState(D3DRS_ALPHABLENDENABLE, TRUE);
g_d3d_device -> SetRenderState(D3DRS_SRCBLEND, D3DBLEND_SRCALPHA);
g_d3d_device -> SetRenderState(D3DRS_DESTBLEND, D3DBLEND_INVSRCALPHA);
g_d3d_device -> DrawPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP, 4 , 2 );
完整源码如下:
/*
**************************************************************************************
PURPOSE:
Alpha blending Demo
Required libraries:
D3D9.LIB
************************************************************************************** */
#include < windows.h >
#include < stdio.h >
#include " d3d9.h "
#pragma comment(lib, " d3d9.lib " )
#define WINDOW_WIDTH 400
#define WINDOW_HEIGHT 400
#define Safe_Release(p) if((p)) (p)->Release();
// window handles, class and caption text.
HWND g_hwnd;
HINSTANCE g_inst;
static char g_class_name[] = " AlphaClass " ;
static char g_caption[] = "Alpha Blending Demo " ;
// the Direct3D and device object
IDirect3D9 * g_d3d = NULL;
IDirect3DDevice9 * g_d3d_device = NULL;
// The 2D vertex format and descriptor
typedef struct
{
float x, y, z; // 2D coordinates
float rhw; // rhw
D3DCOLOR diffuse; // diffuse color component
} VERTEX;
#define VERTEX_FVF (D3DFVF_XYZRHW | D3DFVF_DIFFUSE)
IDirect3DVertexBuffer9 * g_vertex_buffer = NULL;
IDirect3DTexture9 * g_texture = NULL;
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Window procedure.
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
long WINAPI Window_Proc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
switch (msg)
{
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage( 0 );
return 0 ;
}
return ( long ) DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Initialize d3d, d3d device, vertex buffer, texutre.
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOL Do_Init()
{
D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS present_param;
D3DDISPLAYMODE display_mode;
BYTE * vertex_ptr;
// initialize vertex data
VERTEX verts[] = {
{ 100.0f , 100.0f , 1.0f , 1.0f , D3DCOLOR_RGBA( 0 , 64 , 128 , 255 ) },
{ 300.0f , 100.0f , 1.0f , 1.0f , D3DCOLOR_RGBA( 0 , 64 , 128 , 255 ) },
{ 100.0f , 300.0f , 1.0f , 1.0f , D3DCOLOR_RGBA( 0 , 64 , 128 , 255 ) },
{ 300.0f , 300.0f , 1.0f , 1.0f , D3DCOLOR_RGBA( 0 , 64 , 128 , 255 ) },
{ 50.0f , 150.0f , 1.0f , 1.0f , D3DCOLOR_RGBA( 128 , 0 , 0 , 128 ) },
{ 350.0f , 150.0f , 1.0f , 1.0f , D3DCOLOR_RGBA( 128 , 0 , 0 , 128 ) },
{ 50.0f , 350.0f , 1.0f , 1.0f , D3DCOLOR_RGBA( 128 , 0 , 0 , 128 ) },
{ 350.0f , 350.0f , 1.0f , 1.0f , D3DCOLOR_RGBA( 128 , 0 , 0 , 128 ) }
};
// do a windowed mode initialization of Direct3D
if ((g_d3d = Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION)) == NULL)
return FALSE;
// retrieves the current display mode of the adapter
if (FAILED(g_d3d -> GetAdapterDisplayMode(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, & display_mode)))
return FALSE;
ZeroMemory( & present_param, sizeof (present_param));
// initialize d3d presentation parameter
present_param.Windowed = TRUE;
present_param.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;
present_param.BackBufferFormat = display_mode.Format;
// creates a device to represent the display adapter
if (FAILED(g_d3d -> CreateDevice(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, g_hwnd,
D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING, & present_param, & g_d3d_device)))
return FALSE;
// create the vertex buffer and set data
g_d3d_device -> CreateVertexBuffer( sizeof (VERTEX) * 8 , 0 , VERTEX_FVF, D3DPOOL_DEFAULT, & g_vertex_buffer, NULL);
// locks a range of vertex data and obtains a pointer to the vertex buffer memory
g_vertex_buffer -> Lock( 0 , 0 , ( void ** ) & vertex_ptr, 0 );
memcpy(vertex_ptr, verts, sizeof (verts));
// unlocks vertex data
g_vertex_buffer -> Unlock();
return TRUE;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Release all d3d resource.
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOL Do_Shutdown()
{
Safe_Release(g_vertex_buffer);
Safe_Release(g_d3d_device);
Safe_Release(g_d3d);
return TRUE;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Render a frame.
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOL Do_Frame()
{
// clear device back buffer
g_d3d_device -> Clear( 0 , NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET, D3DCOLOR_RGBA( 0 , 0 , 0 , 255 ), 1.0f , 0 );
// Begin scene
if (SUCCEEDED(g_d3d_device -> BeginScene()))
{
// set the vertex stream, shader, and texture.
// binds a vertex buffer to a device data stream
g_d3d_device -> SetStreamSource( 0 , g_vertex_buffer, 0 , sizeof (VERTEX));
// set the current vertex stream declation
g_d3d_device -> SetFVF(VERTEX_FVF);
// assigns a texture to a stage for a device
g_d3d_device -> SetTexture( 0 , g_texture);
// disable alpha blending and draw 2 polygons
g_d3d_device -> SetRenderState(D3DRS_ALPHABLENDENABLE, FALSE);
g_d3d_device -> DrawPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP, 0 , 2 );
// enable alpha blending and draw 2 polygons
g_d3d_device -> SetRenderState(D3DRS_ALPHABLENDENABLE, TRUE);
g_d3d_device -> SetRenderState(D3DRS_SRCBLEND, D3DBLEND_SRCALPHA);
g_d3d_device -> SetRenderState(D3DRS_DESTBLEND, D3DBLEND_INVSRCALPHA);
g_d3d_device -> DrawPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP, 4 , 2 );
// end the scene
g_d3d_device -> EndScene();
}
// present the contents of the next buffer in the sequence of back buffers owned by the device
g_d3d_device -> Present(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
return TRUE;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Main function, routine entry.
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE inst, HINSTANCE, LPSTR cmd_line, int cmd_show)
{
WNDCLASSEX win_class;
MSG msg;
g_inst = inst;
// create window class and register it
win_class.cbSize = sizeof (win_class);
win_class.style = CS_CLASSDC;
win_class.lpfnWndProc = Window_Proc;
win_class.cbClsExtra = 0 ;
win_class.cbWndExtra = 0 ;
win_class.hInstance = inst;
win_class.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
win_class.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
win_class.hbrBackground = NULL;
win_class.lpszMenuName = NULL;
win_class.lpszClassName = g_class_name;
win_class.hIconSm = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
if ( ! RegisterClassEx( & win_class))
return FALSE;
// create the main window
g_hwnd = CreateWindow(g_class_name, g_caption, WS_CAPTION | WS_SYSMENU, 0 , 0 ,
WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_HEIGHT, NULL, NULL, inst, NULL);
if (g_hwnd == NULL)
return FALSE;
ShowWindow(g_hwnd, SW_NORMAL);
UpdateWindow(g_hwnd);
// initialize game
if (Do_Init() == FALSE)
return FALSE;
// start message pump, waiting for signal to quit.
ZeroMemory( & msg, sizeof (MSG));
while (msg.message != WM_QUIT)
{
if (PeekMessage( & msg, NULL, 0 , 0 , PM_REMOVE))
{
TranslateMessage( & msg);
DispatchMessage( & msg);
}
// draw a frame
if (Do_Frame() == FALSE)
break ;
}
// run shutdown function
Do_Shutdown();
UnregisterClass(g_class_name, inst);
return ( int ) msg.wParam;
}
PURPOSE:
Alpha blending Demo
Required libraries:
D3D9.LIB
************************************************************************************** */
#include < windows.h >
#include < stdio.h >
#include " d3d9.h "
#pragma comment(lib, " d3d9.lib " )
#define WINDOW_WIDTH 400
#define WINDOW_HEIGHT 400
#define Safe_Release(p) if((p)) (p)->Release();
// window handles, class and caption text.
HWND g_hwnd;
HINSTANCE g_inst;
static char g_class_name[] = " AlphaClass " ;
static char g_caption[] = "Alpha Blending Demo " ;
// the Direct3D and device object
IDirect3D9 * g_d3d = NULL;
IDirect3DDevice9 * g_d3d_device = NULL;
// The 2D vertex format and descriptor
typedef struct
{
float x, y, z; // 2D coordinates
float rhw; // rhw
D3DCOLOR diffuse; // diffuse color component
} VERTEX;
#define VERTEX_FVF (D3DFVF_XYZRHW | D3DFVF_DIFFUSE)
IDirect3DVertexBuffer9 * g_vertex_buffer = NULL;
IDirect3DTexture9 * g_texture = NULL;
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Window procedure.
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
long WINAPI Window_Proc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
switch (msg)
{
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage( 0 );
return 0 ;
}
return ( long ) DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Initialize d3d, d3d device, vertex buffer, texutre.
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOL Do_Init()
{
D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS present_param;
D3DDISPLAYMODE display_mode;
BYTE * vertex_ptr;
// initialize vertex data
VERTEX verts[] = {
{ 100.0f , 100.0f , 1.0f , 1.0f , D3DCOLOR_RGBA( 0 , 64 , 128 , 255 ) },
{ 300.0f , 100.0f , 1.0f , 1.0f , D3DCOLOR_RGBA( 0 , 64 , 128 , 255 ) },
{ 100.0f , 300.0f , 1.0f , 1.0f , D3DCOLOR_RGBA( 0 , 64 , 128 , 255 ) },
{ 300.0f , 300.0f , 1.0f , 1.0f , D3DCOLOR_RGBA( 0 , 64 , 128 , 255 ) },
{ 50.0f , 150.0f , 1.0f , 1.0f , D3DCOLOR_RGBA( 128 , 0 , 0 , 128 ) },
{ 350.0f , 150.0f , 1.0f , 1.0f , D3DCOLOR_RGBA( 128 , 0 , 0 , 128 ) },
{ 50.0f , 350.0f , 1.0f , 1.0f , D3DCOLOR_RGBA( 128 , 0 , 0 , 128 ) },
{ 350.0f , 350.0f , 1.0f , 1.0f , D3DCOLOR_RGBA( 128 , 0 , 0 , 128 ) }
};
// do a windowed mode initialization of Direct3D
if ((g_d3d = Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION)) == NULL)
return FALSE;
// retrieves the current display mode of the adapter
if (FAILED(g_d3d -> GetAdapterDisplayMode(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, & display_mode)))
return FALSE;
ZeroMemory( & present_param, sizeof (present_param));
// initialize d3d presentation parameter
present_param.Windowed = TRUE;
present_param.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;
present_param.BackBufferFormat = display_mode.Format;
// creates a device to represent the display adapter
if (FAILED(g_d3d -> CreateDevice(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, g_hwnd,
D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING, & present_param, & g_d3d_device)))
return FALSE;
// create the vertex buffer and set data
g_d3d_device -> CreateVertexBuffer( sizeof (VERTEX) * 8 , 0 , VERTEX_FVF, D3DPOOL_DEFAULT, & g_vertex_buffer, NULL);
// locks a range of vertex data and obtains a pointer to the vertex buffer memory
g_vertex_buffer -> Lock( 0 , 0 , ( void ** ) & vertex_ptr, 0 );
memcpy(vertex_ptr, verts, sizeof (verts));
// unlocks vertex data
g_vertex_buffer -> Unlock();
return TRUE;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Release all d3d resource.
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOL Do_Shutdown()
{
Safe_Release(g_vertex_buffer);
Safe_Release(g_d3d_device);
Safe_Release(g_d3d);
return TRUE;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Render a frame.
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOL Do_Frame()
{
// clear device back buffer
g_d3d_device -> Clear( 0 , NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET, D3DCOLOR_RGBA( 0 , 0 , 0 , 255 ), 1.0f , 0 );
// Begin scene
if (SUCCEEDED(g_d3d_device -> BeginScene()))
{
// set the vertex stream, shader, and texture.
// binds a vertex buffer to a device data stream
g_d3d_device -> SetStreamSource( 0 , g_vertex_buffer, 0 , sizeof (VERTEX));
// set the current vertex stream declation
g_d3d_device -> SetFVF(VERTEX_FVF);
// assigns a texture to a stage for a device
g_d3d_device -> SetTexture( 0 , g_texture);
// disable alpha blending and draw 2 polygons
g_d3d_device -> SetRenderState(D3DRS_ALPHABLENDENABLE, FALSE);
g_d3d_device -> DrawPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP, 0 , 2 );
// enable alpha blending and draw 2 polygons
g_d3d_device -> SetRenderState(D3DRS_ALPHABLENDENABLE, TRUE);
g_d3d_device -> SetRenderState(D3DRS_SRCBLEND, D3DBLEND_SRCALPHA);
g_d3d_device -> SetRenderState(D3DRS_DESTBLEND, D3DBLEND_INVSRCALPHA);
g_d3d_device -> DrawPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP, 4 , 2 );
// end the scene
g_d3d_device -> EndScene();
}
// present the contents of the next buffer in the sequence of back buffers owned by the device
g_d3d_device -> Present(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
return TRUE;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Main function, routine entry.
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE inst, HINSTANCE, LPSTR cmd_line, int cmd_show)
{
WNDCLASSEX win_class;
MSG msg;
g_inst = inst;
// create window class and register it
win_class.cbSize = sizeof (win_class);
win_class.style = CS_CLASSDC;
win_class.lpfnWndProc = Window_Proc;
win_class.cbClsExtra = 0 ;
win_class.cbWndExtra = 0 ;
win_class.hInstance = inst;
win_class.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
win_class.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
win_class.hbrBackground = NULL;
win_class.lpszMenuName = NULL;
win_class.lpszClassName = g_class_name;
win_class.hIconSm = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
if ( ! RegisterClassEx( & win_class))
return FALSE;
// create the main window
g_hwnd = CreateWindow(g_class_name, g_caption, WS_CAPTION | WS_SYSMENU, 0 , 0 ,
WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_HEIGHT, NULL, NULL, inst, NULL);
if (g_hwnd == NULL)
return FALSE;
ShowWindow(g_hwnd, SW_NORMAL);
UpdateWindow(g_hwnd);
// initialize game
if (Do_Init() == FALSE)
return FALSE;
// start message pump, waiting for signal to quit.
ZeroMemory( & msg, sizeof (MSG));
while (msg.message != WM_QUIT)
{
if (PeekMessage( & msg, NULL, 0 , 0 , PM_REMOVE))
{
TranslateMessage( & msg);
DispatchMessage( & msg);
}
// draw a frame
if (Do_Frame() == FALSE)
break ;
}
// run shutdown function
Do_Shutdown();
UnregisterClass(g_class_name, inst);
return ( int ) msg.wParam;
}
效果图:
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/d74efb0afe278b8f63179785c9e5ea10.jpeg)