实验名称:ospf多区域配置
实验原理:OSPF路由协议是一种典型分布式的链路状态路由协议,一般用于同一个自治系统AS内。在AS中,所有的OSPF路由器都维护一个相同的描述这个AS结构的数据库,该数据库中存放的是所有路由器的链路状态信息
OSPF能够适用于大规模网络结构,它可以将一个自治系统划分为若干个小区域
          骨干区域:它是连接所有其它区域的核心域,相当于交换网络的汇聚层。即所有其它区域的通信量都必须要经过骨干区域。(area0)
          普通区域:除骨干区域外,所有为特殊设置的区域
          末节区域:(stub)可以降低区域内LSDB的规模,降低区域内部路由选择表的大小,并较少区域内部路由器对存储器的需求
特点:区域内所有路由器都应该配置成端路由器。因为端区的路由器通过hello包中的标志位识别区域类型,如果路由器不能达成一致,则不能形成邻居。
2)其ABR阻止类型LAS4、LSA5。即端区内没有到达外部的路由,但有到达其他区域的路由。
完全末节区域:(totally)减少OSPF数据库和路由表的规模。
特点:1)每个路由器都要配置成完全端区;
2)只存在区域内部的路由,拒绝了类型LSA3、LSA4、LSA5;
3)自动生成缺省路由。(通过特殊的LSA3进去的)
NSSA   1)普通NSSA:  (config-router)#area  area-id  nssa
特点:缺省路由不是自动生成的;拒绝了类型LSA4、LSA5。
2)完全NSSA:  (config-router)#area  area-id  nssa  no-summary
特点:自动生成缺省路由;拒绝了类型LSA3、LSA4、LSA5。
NSSA使用环境:当区域位于ASBR和ABR之间,且ASBR连接到非OSPF协议网络,ABR连接到OSPF网络骨干区域时就使用NSSA.。
实验目的:掌握ospf多区域配置 末节区域配置 完全末节区域配置 次末节区域配置(NSSA)
实验环境:
图1
实验步骤:1根据实验环境拓朴图(图1)配置ospf多区域 sh ip rou  sh ip ospf data查看
2将步骤1稍做修改,配置末节区域  sh ip rou  sh ip ospf data查看
3将步骤2稍做修改,配置完全末节区域  sh ip rou  sh ip ospf data查看
4将步骤3稍做修改,配置次末节区域  sh ip rou  sh ip ospf data查看
5配置ospf路由汇总
实验内容:
A ospf多区域配置
R1    #ospf发布自己的网络
   r1(config)#router ospf 10
r1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
r1(config-router)#network 172.17.16.0 0.0.0.7 area 1   
r1(config-router)#network 172.17.24.0 0.0.0.7 area 1
r1(config-router)#network 172.17.32.0 0.0.0.7 area 1
r1(config-router)#exit
R2   # ospf发布自己的网络 与r1相连接口在area1   与r3相连接口在area0
r2(config)#router ospf 10
r2(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
r2(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
r2(config-router)#exit
R3  # ospf发布自己的网络 与r2相连接口在area0  与r4相连接口在area2
   r3(config)#router ospf 10
r3(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
r3(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 2
r3(config-router)#exit
R4 # ospf发布自己的网络 与r3相连接口在area0  rip-v2 loopback.并关闭自动汇总
     r4(config)#router ospf 10
r4(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 2
r4(config-router)#redistribute rip subnets   #在ospf里重发布rip
% Only classful networks will be redistributed
r4(config-router)#exit
r4(config)#router rip
r4(config-router)#version 2
r4(config-router)#network 172.16.16.0
r4(config-router)#network 172.16.24.0
r4(config-router)#network 172.16.32.0
r4(config-router)#no auto-summary  #并关闭自动汇总
实验结果:用sh ip rou  sh ip ospf data查看
      r1#sh ip rou
         172.17.0.0/21 is subnetted, 3 subnets
C       172.17.32.0 is directly connected, Loopback2
C       172.17.24.0 is directly connected, Loopback1
C       172.17.16.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
        172.16.0.0/21 is subnetted, 3 subnets
O E2    172.16.32.0 [110/20] via 192.168.1.2, 00:25:51, Serial1/1
O E2    172.16.24.0 [110/20] via 192.168.1.2, 00:25:51, Serial1/1
O E2    172.16.16.0 [110/20] via 192.168.1.2, 00:25:51, Serial1/1
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/1
O IA 192.168.2.0/24 [110/128] via 192.168.1.2, 01:03:44, Serial1/1
O IA 192.168.3.0/24 [110/192] via 192.168.1.2, 01:01:23, Serial1/1
r1#sh ip ospf data
                  OSPF Router with ID (172.17.32.1) (Process ID 10)
                      Router Link States (Area 1)
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
172.17.32.1     172.17.32.1     166         0x80000009 0x00B82C 5
192.168.2.1     192.168.2.1     2009        0x80000004 0x00A76A 2
                      Summary Net Link States (Area 1)
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
192.168.2.0     192.168.2.1     2009        0x80000002 0x002202
192.168.3.0     192.168.2.1     2009        0x80000002 0x009949
                      Summary ASB Link States (Area 1)
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
172.16.32.1     192.168.2.1     480         0x80000002 0x006D03
                      Type-5 AS External Link States
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Tag
172.16.16.0     172.16.32.1     1680        0x80000001 0x0015E7 0
172.16.24.0     172.16.32.1     1682        0x80000001 0x00BC38 0
172.16.32.0     172.16.32.1     1682        0x80000001 0x006488 0
r2#sh ip rou
   172.17.0.0/32 is subnetted, 3 subnets
O       172.17.32.1 [110/65] via 192.168.1.1, 00:58:55, Serial1/0
O       172.17.24.1 [110/65] via 192.168.1.1, 00:58:55, Serial1/0
O       172.17.16.1 [110/65] via 192.168.1.1, 00:58:55, Serial1/0
     172.16.0.0/21 is subnetted, 3 subnets
O E2    172.16.32.0 [110/20] via 192.168.2.2, 00:21:02, Serial1/1
O E2    172.16.24.0 [110/20] via 192.168.2.2, 00:21:02, Serial1/1
O E2    172.16.16.0 [110/20] via 192.168.2.2, 00:21:02, Serial1/1
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/1
O IA 192.168.3.0/24 [110/128] via 192.168.2.2, 00:56:34, Serial1/1
r2#sh ip ospf database
                  OSPF Router with ID (192.168.2.1) (Process ID 10)
                      Router Link States (Area 0)
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
192.168.2.1     192.168.2.1     1040        0x80000003 0x000182 2
192.168.3.1     192.168.3.1     928         0x80000004 0x00F18E 2
                   Summary Net Link States (Area 0)
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
172.17.16.1     192.168.2.1     1040        0x80000002 0x00A718
172.17.24.1     192.168.2.1     1040        0x80000002 0x004F68
172.17.32.1     192.168.2.1     1040        0x80000002 0x00F6B8
192.168.1.0     192.168.2.1     1040        0x80000002 0x002DF7
192.168.3.0     192.168.3.1     928         0x80000002 0x001012
                   Summary ASB Link States (Area 0)
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
172.16.32.1     192.168.3.1     1575        0x80000003 0x00E1CC
                Router Link States (Area 1)
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
172.17.32.1     172.17.32.1     1225        0x80000008 0x00BA2B 5
192.168.2.1     192.168.2.1     1042        0x80000004 0x00A76A 2
                   Summary Net Link States (Area 1)
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
192.168.2.0     192.168.2.1     1042        0x80000002 0x002202
192.168.3.0     192.168.2.1     1042        0x80000002 0x009949
                   Summary ASB Link States (Area 1)
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
172.16.32.1     192.168.2.1     1577        0x80000001 0x006F02
                   Type-5 AS External Link States
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Tag
172.16.16.0     172.16.32.1     714         0x80000001 0x0015E7 0
172.16.24.0     172.16.32.1     714         0x80000001 0x00BC38 0
172.16.32.0     172.16.32.1     714         0x80000001 0x006488 0
B将上述配置稍做修改,把area1配置成末节区域(stub)
r1(config-router)#area 1 stub
r2(config-router)#area 1 stub
r1#sh ip rou
Gateway of last resort is 192.168.1.2 to network 0.0.0.0
     172.17.0.0/21 is subnetted, 3 subnets
C       172.17.32.0 is directly connected, Loopback2
C       172.17.24.0 is directly connected, Loopback1
C       172.17.16.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/1
O IA 192.168.2.0/24 [110/128] via 192.168.1.2, 00:00:38, Serial1/1
O IA 192.168.3.0/24 [110/192] via 192.168.1.2, 00:00:38, Serial1/1
O*IA 0.0.0.0/0 [110/65] via 192.168.1.2, 00:00:38, Serial1/1
r1#sh ip ospf da
            OSPF Router with ID (172.17.32.1) (Process ID 10)
                Router Link States (Area 1)
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
172.17.32.1     172.17.32.1     261         0x8000000B 0x00D212 5
192.168.2.1     192.168.2.1     260         0x80000007 0x00BF51 2
                Summary Net Link States (Area 1)
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
0.0.0.0         192.168.2.1     265         0x80000001 0x009140
192.168.2.0     192.168.2.1     265         0x80000004 0x003CE7
192.168.3.0     192.168.2.1     265         0x80000004 0x00B32F
总结:配置成末节区域后sh ip ospf data 没有类型LAS4、LSA5 由于端区内没有到达外部的路由,所以学不到r4上rip 发布的网络 
C将上述配置再做修改area1配置成完全末节区域
r1(config-router)#area 1 stub no-summary
r2(config-router)#area 1 stub no-summary
r1#sh ip rou
Gateway of last resort is 192.168.1.2 to network 0.0.0.0
     172.17.0.0/21 is subnetted, 3 subnets
C       172.17.32.0 is directly connected, Loopback2
C       172.17.24.0 is directly connected, Loopback1
C       172.17.16.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/1
O*IA 0.0.0.0/0 [110/65] via 192.168.1.2, 00:04:16, Serial1/1
r1#sh ip ospf da
            OSPF Router with ID (172.17.32.1) (Process ID 10)
                Router Link States (Area 1)
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
172.17.32.1     172.17.32.1     364         0x8000000F 0x00CA16 5
192.168.2.1     192.168.2.1     364         0x8000000B 0x00B755 2
                Summary Net Link States (Area 1)
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
0.0.0.0         192.168.2.1     371         0x80000001 0x009140
总结:由于完全末节区域拒绝了类型LSA3、LSA4、LSA5;自动生成缺省路由。(通过特殊的LSA3进去)所以配置完成后sh ip ospf data   sh ip rou会出现如上结果。
D1将上述配置再做修改,把are2配置成NSSA区域
r3(config-router)#area 2 nssa default-information-originate
r4(config-router)#area 2 nssa
r1#sh ip rou
  172.17.0.0/21 is subnetted, 3 subnets
C       172.17.32.0 is directly connected, Loopback2
C       172.17.24.0 is directly connected, Loopback1
C       172.17.16.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
     172.16.0.0/21 is subnetted, 3 subnets
O E2    172.16.32.0 [110/20] via 192.168.1.2, 00:00:11, Serial1/1
O E2    172.16.24.0 [110/20] via 192.168.1.2, 00:00:11, Serial1/1
O E2    172.16.16.0 [110/20] via 192.168.1.2, 00:00:11, Serial1/1
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/1
O IA 192.168.2.0/24 [110/128] via 192.168.1.2, 00:00:11, Serial1/1
O IA 192.168.3.0/24 [110/192] via 192.168.1.2, 00:00:11, Serial1/1
r3#sh ip rou
Gateway of last resort is not set
     172.17.0.0/32 is subnetted, 3 subnets
O IA    172.17.32.1 [110/129] via 192.168.2.1, 00:02:53, Serial1/0
O IA    172.17.24.1 [110/129] via 192.168.2.1, 00:02:53, Serial1/0
O IA    172.17.16.1 [110/129] via 192.168.2.1, 00:02:53, Serial1/0
     172.16.0.0/21 is subnetted, 3 subnets
O N2    172.16.32.0 [110/20] via 192.168.3.2, 00:02:53, Serial1/1
O N2    172.16.24.0 [110/20] via 192.168.3.2, 00:02:53, Serial1/1
O N2    172.16.16.0 [110/20] via 192.168.3.2, 00:02:53, Serial1/1
O IA 192.168.1.0/24 [110/128] via 192.168.2.1, 00:02:53, Serial1/0
C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
C    192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/1
r3#sh ip ospf da
            OSPF Router with ID (192.168.3.1) (Process ID 10)
                Router Link States (Area 0)
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
192.168.2.1     192.168.2.1     1758        0x80000005 0x00FC84 2
192.168.3.1     192.168.3.1     320         0x80000007 0x00F189 2
                Summary Net Link States (Area 0)
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
172.17.16.1     192.168.2.1     1626        0x80000001 0x00A917
172.17.24.1     192.168.2.1     1626        0x80000001 0x005167
172.17.32.1     192.168.2.1     1626        0x80000001 0x00F8B7
192.168.1.0     192.168.2.1     1758        0x80000004 0x0029F9
192.168.3.0     192.168.3.1     1640        0x80000004 0x000C14
                Router Link States (Area 2)
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
172.16.32.1     172.16.32.1     266         0x8000000B 0x00513D 2
192.168.3.1     192.168.3.1     266         0x80000009 0x00659B 2 
                Summary Net Link States (Area 2)
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
172.17.16.1     192.168.3.1     320         0x80000002 0x00C8AF
172.17.24.1     192.168.3.1     322         0x80000002 0x0070FF
172.17.32.1     192.168.3.1     322         0x80000002 0x001850
192.168.1.0     192.168.3.1     322         0x80000005 0x004892
192.168.2.0     192.168.3.1     322         0x80000005 0x00BA5F
                Type-7 AS External Link States (Area 2)
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Tag
0.0.0.0         192.168.3.1     322         0x80000001 0x004B8B 0
172.16.16.0     172.16.32.1     272         0x80000001 0x00F390 0
172.16.24.0     172.16.32.1     272         0x80000001 0x009BE0 0
172.16.32.0     172.16.32.1     272         0x80000001 0x004331 0
                Type-5 AS External Link States
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Tag
172.16.16.0     192.168.3.1     252         0x80000001 0x00DA24 0
172.16.24.0     192.168.3.1     252         0x80000001 0x008274 0
172.16.32.0     192.168.3.1     252         0x80000001 0x002AC4 0
r4#sh ip rou
     172.17.0.0/32 is subnetted, 3 subnets
O IA    172.17.32.1 [110/193] via 192.168.3.1, 00:05:37, Serial1/0
O IA    172.17.24.1 [110/193] via 192.168.3.1, 00:05:37, Serial1/0
O IA    172.17.16.1 [110/193] via 192.168.3.1, 00:05:37, Serial1/0
     172.16.0.0/21 is subnetted, 3 subnets
C       172.16.32.0 is directly connected, Loopback2
C       172.16.24.0 is directly connected, Loopback1
C       172.16.16.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
O IA 192.168.1.0/24 [110/192] via 192.168.3.1, 00:05:37, Serial1/0
O IA 192.168.2.0/24 [110/128] via 192.168.3.1, 00:05:37, Serial1/0
C    192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
O*N2 0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via 192.168.3.1, 00:05:37, Serial1/0
r4#sh ip ospf da
            OSPF Router with ID (172.16.32.1) (Process ID 10)
                Router Link States (Area 2)
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
172.16.32.1     172.16.32.1     446         0x8000000B 0x00513D 2
192.168.3.1     192.168.3.1     446         0x80000009 0x00659B 2
                Summary Net Link States (Area 2)
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
172.17.16.1     192.168.3.1     500         0x80000002 0x00C8AF
172.17.24.1     192.168.3.1     500         0x80000002 0x0070FF
172.17.32.1     192.168.3.1     500         0x80000002 0x001850
192.168.1.0     192.168.3.1     500         0x80000005 0x004892
192.168.2.0     192.168.3.1     500         0x80000005 0x00BA5F
                Type-7 AS External Link States (Area 2)
Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Tag
0.0.0.0         192.168.3.1     500         0x80000001 0x004B8B 0
172.16.16.0     172.16.32.1     449         0x80000001 0x00F390 0
172.16.24.0     172.16.32.1     449         0x80000001 0x009BE0 0
172.16.32.0     172.16.32.1     452         0x80000001 0x004331 0
D2 r3(config-router)#area 2 nssa no-summary
r4(config-router)#area 2 nssa no-summary
r4#sh ip rou
Gateway of last resort is 192.168.3.1 to network 0.0.0.0
     172.16.0.0/21 is subnetted, 3 subnets
C       172.16.32.0 is directly connected, Loopback2
C       172.16.24.0 is directly connected, Loopback1
C       172.16.16.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
C    192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
O*IA 0.0.0.0/0 [110/65] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:29, Serial1/0
总结:普通NSSA:须加default-information-originate参数创建一条area0到NSSA的默认路由  nssa no-summary自动生成缺省路由;拒绝了类型LSA3、LSA4、LSA5。
area1可以学习到R4的外AS的路由条目O E2 表示 R3学习到R4的路由条目后用O N2 表示  同时R4也可以学习到其他区域的路由条目并多一条默认路由。
E 配置ospf路由汇总  #????
ASBR   summary-address 172.16.16.0 255.255.248.0
ABR    area 1 range 172.17.16.0 255.255.255.0
r2(config-router)#area 1 range 172.17.0.0 255.255.0.0 
r4(config-router)#summary-address 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0     
r3#sh ip rou
Gateway of last resort is not set
O IA 172.17.0.0/16 [110/129] via 192.168.2.1, 00:00:20, Serial1/0
O N2 172.16.0.0/16 [110/20] via 192.168.3.2, 00:00:02, Serial1/1
O IA 192.168.1.0/24 [110/128] via 192.168.2.1, 01:09:03, Serial1/0
C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0
C    192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/1