Spring Cloud学习：07消息总线（Spring Cloud Bus）

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1 消息总线介绍

消息总线是一种通信工具，可以在机器之间互相传输消息、文件等。消息总线扮演着一种消息路由的角色，拥有一套完备的路由机制来决定消息传输方向。发送端只需要向消息总线发出消息而不用管消息被如何转发。Spring Cloud Bus 通过轻量消息代理连接各个分布的节点。管理和传播所有分布式项目中的消息，本质是利用了MQ的广播机制在分布式的系统中传播消息，目前常用的有Kafka和RabbitMQ。

2 改造配置客户端（Config Client）

2.1基于上次工程进行改造，在config-client的pom文件中添加spring-cloud-starter-bus-amqp依赖：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

   <groupId>com.laravelshao.springcloud</groupId>
   <artifactId>config-client</artifactId>
   <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
   <packaging>jar</packaging>

   <name>config-client</name>
   <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

   <parent>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
      <version>1.5.8.RELEASE</version>
      <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
   </parent>

   <properties>
      <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
      <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
      <java.version>1.8</java.version>
      <spring-cloud.version>Dalston.SR4</spring-cloud.version>
   </properties>

   <dependencies>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
         <scope>test</scope>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-bus-amqp</artifactId>
      </dependency>
   </dependencies>

   <dependencyManagement>
      <dependencies>
         <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
            <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
         </dependency>
      </dependencies>
   </dependencyManagement>

   <build>
      <plugins>
         <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
         </plugin>
      </plugins>
   </build>

</project>

2.2 在配置文件bootstrap.yml中添加rabbitmq相关配置信息：

server:
    port: 8881
management:
    security:
      enabled: false # 设置是否启用安全限制

spring:
    application:
      name: config-client
    cloud:
      config:
        uri: http://localhost:8888/ # 配置服务中心地址
        label: master # 远程仓库分支
        profile: dev # 指定环境
        discovery:
          enabled: true # 从配置中心读取文件
          service-id: config-server # 配置中心服务id
    # rabbitmq配置
    rabbitmq:
      host: localhost
      port: 5672
#      username:
#      password:
eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8889/eureka/ # 配置eureka服务器地址

management.security.enabled：设置是否启用安全限制

注意事项：需要配置management.security.enabled: false不启用安全限制，否则在请求刷新bus时会显示：

{

    "timestamp": 1512118086064,

    "status": 401,

    "error": "Unauthorized",

    "message": "Full authentication is required to access this resource.",

    "path": "/bus/refresh"

}

后台也会提示添加安全策略或者设置不启用安全限制。

Full authentication is required to access actuator endpoints. Consider adding Spring Security or set 'management.security.enabled' to false.

2.3 在启动类添加@RefreshScope注解

@SpringBootApplication
@RestController
@RefreshScope
public class ConfigClientApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ConfigClientApplication.class, args);
    }

    @Value("${hello}")
    String hello;

    @RequestMapping("/hi")
    public String hi() {
        return hello;
    }
}

2.4 依次启动eureka-server、config-server、config-client（启动两个实例，端口为8881、8882）

请求http://localhost:8881/hi 或 http://localhost:8882/hi，返回信息：

hello config server

2.5修改配置仓库中config-client-dev.properties中hello对应的值为hello config server change，使用POST请求http://localhost:8881/bus/refresh，会发现config-client重新读取了配置文件

再次请求http://localhost:8881/hi 或 http://localhost:8882/hi，返回更新后的信息：

hello config server change

 

本文源码下载地址：

https://github.com/laravelshao/spring-cloud-learning/tree/master/setion07-bus

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/LaravelShao/blog/1583629