gRPC快速入门（三）——Protobuf应用示例

gRPC快速入门（三）——Protobuf应用示例

一、Protobuf使用流程

在工程开发中使用Protobuf流程如下：
（1）定义proto描述文件，以proto作为后缀名。
（2）使用Protobuf编译器protoc来生成编程语言代码文件，对消息格式以特定的语言方式描述。
（3）使用Protobuf库提供的API来编写应用程序 。

二、Protobuf C++示例

1、环境变量设置

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/protobuf/lib
export LIBRARY_PATH=$LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/protobuf/lib
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/protobuf/bin
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/protobuf/lib/pkgconfig/

2、定义proto文件

addressbook.proto文件如下：

// [START declaration]
syntax = "proto3";
package Book;
import "google/protobuf/timestamp.proto";
// [END declaration]

// [START messages]
message Person {
  string name = 1;
  int32 id = 2;  // Unique ID number for this person.
  string email = 3;

  enum PhoneType {
    MOBILE = 0;
    HOME = 1;
    WORK = 2;
  }

  message PhoneNumber {
    string number = 1;
    PhoneType type = 2;
  }

  repeated PhoneNumber phones = 4;

  google.protobuf.Timestamp last_updated = 5;
}

// Our address book file is just one of these.
message AddressBook {
  repeated Person people = 1;
}
// [END messages]

3、生成C++代码

protoc --cpp_out=. addressbook.proto
生成C++代码addressbook.pb.h和addressbook.pb.cc。
addressbook.pb.h文件：

// Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
// source: addressbook.proto

#ifndef PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_addressbook_2eproto
#define PROTOBUF_INCLUDED_addressbook_2eproto

#include <string>

#include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>

#if GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERSION < 3006001
#error This file was generated by a newer version of protoc which is
#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers.  Please update
#error your headers.
#endif
#if 3006001 < GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MIN_PROTOC_VERSION
#error This file was generated by an older version of protoc which is
#error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers.  Please
#error regenerate this file with a newer version of protoc.
#endif

#include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
#include <google/protobuf/arena.h>
#include <google/protobuf/arenastring.h>
#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_table_driven.h>
#include <google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h>
#include <google/protobuf/inlined_string_field.h>
#include <google/protobuf/metadata_lite.h>
#include <google/protobuf/message_lite.h>
#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>  // IWYU pragma: export
#include <google/protobuf/extension_set.h>  // IWYU pragma: export
#include <google/protobuf/generated_enum_util.h>
#include <google/protobuf/timestamp.pb.h>
// @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
#define PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_protobuf_addressbook_2eproto 

namespace protobuf_addressbook_2eproto {
// Internal implementation detail -- do not use these members.
struct TableStruct {
  static const ::google::protobuf::internal::ParseTableField entries[];
  static const ::google::protobuf::internal::AuxillaryParseTableField aux[];
  static const ::google::protobuf::internal::ParseTable schema[3];
  static const ::google::protobuf::internal::FieldMetadata field_metadata[];
  static const ::google::protobuf::internal::SerializationTable serialization_table[];
  static const ::google::protobuf::uint32 offsets[];
};
}  // namespace protobuf_addressbook_2eproto
namespace book {
class AddressBook;
class AddressBookDefaultTypeInternal;
extern AddressBookDefaultTypeInternal _AddressBook_default_instance_;
class Person;
class PersonDefaultTypeInternal;
extern PersonDefaultTypeInternal _Person_default_instance_;
class Person_PhoneNumber;
class Person_PhoneNumberDefaultTypeInternal;
extern Person_PhoneNumberDefaultTypeInternal _Person_PhoneNumber_default_instance_;
}  // namespace book
namespace google {
namespace protobuf {
template<> ::book::AddressBook* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<::book::AddressBook>(Arena*);
template<> ::book::Person* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<::book::Person>(Arena*);
template<> ::book::Person_PhoneNumber* Arena::CreateMaybeMessage<::book::Person_PhoneNumber>(Arena*);
}  // namespace protobuf
}  // namespace google
namespace book {

enum Person_PhoneType {
  Person_PhoneType_MOBILE = 0,
  Person_PhoneType_HOME = 1,
  Person_PhoneType_WORK = 2,
  Person_PhoneType_Person_PhoneType_INT_MIN_SENTINEL_DO_NOT_USE_ = ::google::protobuf::kint32min,
  Person_PhoneType_Person_PhoneType_INT_MAX_SENTINEL_DO_NOT_USE_ = ::google::protobuf::kint32max
};
bool Person_PhoneType_IsValid(int value);
const Person_PhoneType Person_PhoneType_PhoneType_MIN = Person_PhoneType_MOBILE;
const Person_PhoneType Person_PhoneType_PhoneType_MAX = Person_PhoneType_WORK;
const int Person_PhoneType_PhoneType_ARRAYSIZE = Person_PhoneType_PhoneType_MAX + 1;

// ===================================================================

class Person_PhoneNumber : public ::google::protobuf::MessageLite /* @@protoc_insertion_point(class_definition:book.Person.PhoneNumber) */ {
 public:
  Person_PhoneNumber();
  virtual ~Person_PhoneNumber();

  Person_PhoneNumber(const Person_PhoneNumber& from);

  inline Person_PhoneNumber& operator=(const Person_PhoneNumber& from) {
    CopyFrom(from);
    return *this;
  }
  #if LANG_CXX11
  Person_PhoneNumber(Person_PhoneNumber&& from) noexcept
    : Person_PhoneNumber() {
    *this = ::std::move(from);
  }

  inline Person_PhoneNumber& operator=(Person_PhoneNumber&& from) noexcept {
    if (GetArenaNoVirtual() == from.GetArenaNoVirtual()) {
      if (this != &from) InternalSwap(&from);
    } else {
      CopyFrom(from);
    }
    return *this;
  }
  #endif
  static const Person_PhoneNumber& default_instance();

  static void InitAsDefaultInstance();  // FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
  static inline const Person_PhoneNumber* internal_default_instance() {
    return reinterpret_cast<const Person_PhoneNumber*>(
               &_Person_PhoneNumber_default_instance_);
  }
  static constexpr int kIndexInFileMessages =
    0;

  void Swap(Person_PhoneNumber* other);
  friend void swap(Person_PhoneNumber& a, Person_PhoneNumber& b) {
    a.Swap(&b);
  }

  // implements Message ----------------------------------------------

  inline Person_PhoneNumber* New() const final {
    return CreateMaybeMessage<Person_PhoneNumber>(NULL);
  }

  Person_PhoneNumber* New(::google::protobuf::Arena* arena) const final {
    return CreateMaybeMessage<Person_PhoneNumber>(arena);
  }
  void CheckTypeAndMergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::MessageLite& from)
    final;
  void CopyFrom(const Person_PhoneNumber& from);
  void MergeFrom(const Person_PhoneNumber& from);
  void Clear() final;
  bool IsInitialized() const final;

  size_t ByteSizeLong() const final;
  bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
      ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input) final;
  void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
      ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const final;
  void DiscardUnknownFields();
  int GetCachedSize() const final { return _cached_size_.Get(); }

  private:
  void SharedCtor();
  void SharedDtor();
  void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
  void InternalSwap(Person_PhoneNumber* other);
  private:
  inline ::google::protobuf::Arena* GetArenaNoVirtual() const {
    return NULL;
  }
  inline void* MaybeArenaPtr() const {
    return NULL;
  }
  public:

  ::std::string GetTypeName() const final;

  // nested types ----------------------------------------------------

  // accessors -------------------------------------------------------

  // string number = 1;
  void clear_number();
  static const int kNumberFieldNumber = 1;
  const ::std::string& number() const;
  void set_number(const ::std::string& value);
  #if LANG_CXX11
  void set_number(::std::string&& value);
  #endif
  void set_number(const char* value);
  void set_number(const char* value, size_t size);
  ::std::string* mutable_number();
  ::std::string* release_number();
  void set_allocated_number(::std::string* number);

  // .book.Person.PhoneType type = 2;
  void clear_type();
  static const int kTypeFieldNumber = 2;
  ::book::Person_PhoneType type() const;
  void set_type(::book::Person_PhoneType value);

  // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:book.Person.PhoneNumber)
 private:

  ::google::protobuf::int