文档说明

该文档是介绍Linux中时间触发命令的使用，使用场景是当需要有触发事件执行命令的需求，比如如果某个文本被修改了，立即删除另外一个文本。

系统环境

操作系统：Linux version 3.10.0-229.el7.x86_64 (builder@kbuilder.dev.centos.org) (gcc version 4.8.2 20140120 (Red Hat 4.8.2-16) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Fri Mar 6 11:36:42 UTC 2015

 

操作步骤

一般系统没有默认安装incrontab，所以需要自行下载安装。

 

1.下载incrontab rpm包

下载地址为：http://pkgs.repoforge.org/incron/

 

需要选择的incrontab rpm安装包版本号为：incron-0.5.9-2.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm

注：由于操作系统环境是centos7，故incron版本必须在0.5.9以上，否则无法运行

 

2.安装rpm包

安装rpm包将rpm包下载到指定文件夹里（本文指定目录为/soft/installation), 并且安装rpm包

rpm -ivh incron-0.5.9-2.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm 


wKiom1fCpTWCl9c_AAAaeJY7Zh0270.png


注：其中rpm 所带参数 -ivh 代表安装rpm包并显示进度情况（--install--verbose--hash）

 

3.开启incrontab 服务

 

/etc/init.d/incrond start



wKiom1fCpVzw1VYtAAAMAD0ksQY753.png


4.添加触发任务

本例题中所添加的任务是，如果/soft/temp/test_incrontab.txt 文本中的文件被修改，即运行脚本 /soft/bin/startupall.sh

首先需要配置incrontab任务表格

 

  incrontab -e

注：e代表edit,修改配置

 

编辑incrontab表格，加入如下语句

/soft/temp/test_incrontab.txt  IN_MODIFY /soft/bin/startupall.sh

注：tomcat自带的/bin/startup.sh 无法在incrontab中运行，原因是没有加上 export JAVA_HOME=/soft/jdk8。


wKioL1fCpXiDzhz6AAAN9DhjfDo532.png


: wq 保存

 

注：语句的格式是： <文件或文件夹路径>  <事件名>  <操作>

                   <file path>  <event>  <action>

具体的事件名见最后一页

 

5.显示incrontab表格确认任务

incrontab -l



wKiom1fCpZbjLoVwAAAK_uD0tv0281.png


6.查看日志

当修改test_incrontab.txt 内容后，可以查看日志，看看incrontab 是否有监测到文件变化并执行。

 tail -f /var/log/cron


wKiom1fCpa6wE_67AABTjHzFUwQ111.png


如图所示，表示脚本startupall.sh已执行。

 

 

附录：

事件名

Event

Meaning

Common Events


IN_ACCESS

File was accessed (read)

IN_ATTRIB

Metadata was changed (permissions, timestamps, extended attributes, etc.)

IN_CLOSE_WRITE

File opened for writing was closed

IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE

File not opened for writing was closed

IN_CLOSE

Combines IN_CLOSE_WRITE and IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE

IN_CREATE

File/directory created in watched directory

IN_DELETE

File/directory deleted from watched directory

IN_DELETE_SELF

Watched file/directory was deleted

IN_MODIFY

File was modified

IN_MOVE_SELF

Watched file/directory was moved

IN_MOVED_FROM

File moved out of watched directory

IN_MOVED_TO

File moved into watched directory

IN_MOVE

A combination of IN_MOVED_FROM and IN_MOVED_TO.

IN_OPEN

File was opened

Special Events


IN_ALL_EVENTS

Combines all of the above events

IN_DONT_FOLLOW

Don't dereference pathname if it is a symbolic link

IN_ONESHOT

Monitor pathname for only one event

IN_ONLYDIR

Only watch pathname if it is a directory

Wildcard Event


IN_NO_LOOP

Disable monitoring of events until the current event is handled completely (until its child process exits – avoids infinite loops)

 

 

 

 

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