经过前面两篇文章的基础知识的讲解，现在我们开始写驱动程序，具体代码如下，文件名lcd.c
1. 分配一个fb_info结构体: 使用framebuffer_alloc
2. 设置：各种参数的设置
3. 注册: register_framebuffer
4. 硬件相关的操作；
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/fb.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/workqueue.h>
#include <linux/wait.h>
#include <linux/platform_device.h>
#include <linux/clk.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/div64.h>
#include <asm/mach/map.h>
#include <asm/arch/regs-lcd.h>
#include <asm/arch/regs-gpio.h>
#include <asm/arch/fb.h>
//定义LCD控制器结构体，这样很方便初始化LCD寄存器
static struct lcd_regs{
unsigned long lcdcon1;
unsigned long lcdcon2;
unsigned long lcdcon3;
unsigned long lcdcon4;
unsigned long lcdcon5;
unsigned long lcdsaddr1;
unsigned long lcdsaddr2;
unsigned long lcdsaddr3;
unsigned long redlut;
unsigned long greenlut;
unsigned long bluelut;
unsigned long reserved[9];
unsigned long dithmode;
unsigned long tpal;
unsigned long lcdintpnd;
unsigned long lcdsrcpnd;
unsigned long lcdintmsk;
unsigned long tconsel;
};
static struct fb_info *s3c_lcd;
static u32 pseudo_pal[16]; //假的调色板
/* from pxafb.c */
static inline unsigned int chan_to_field(unsigned int chan, struct fb_bitfield *bf)
{
chan &= 0xffff;
chan >>= 16 - bf->length;
return chan << bf->offset;
}
static int s3c_lcdfb_setcolreg(unsigned int regno, unsigned int red,
unsigned int green, unsigned int blue,
unsigned int transp, struct fb_info *info)
{
unsigned int val;
if(regno>16) //调色板大于16
return 1;
/* 用red,green,blue三原色构造出val */
val = chan_to_field(red, &info->var.red);
val |= chan_to_field(green, &info->var.green);
val |= chan_to_field(blue, &info->var.blue);
pseudo_pal[regno] = val;
return 0;
}
//对显存的操作
static struct fb_ops s3c_lcd_fb_ops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.fb_setcolreg = s3c_lcdfb_setcolreg,
.fb_fillrect = cfb_fillrect,
.fb_copyarea = cfb_copyarea,
.fb_imageblit = cfb_imageblit,
};
//LCD背光使能引脚 address:0x56000010 GPB0输出
static volatile unsigned long *GPBCON = NULL;
static volatile unsigned long *GPBDAT = NULL;
//LCD电源电路 address:0x56000060 GPG4 输出
static volatile unsigned long *GPGCON = NULL;
static volatile unsigned long *GPGDAT = NULL;
//VD3,4,5,6,7 -> B -> GPC11,12,13,14,15引脚 address:0x56000020
//VLINE -> GPC2
//VFRAME -> GPC3
static volatile unsigned long *GPCCON = NULL;
static volatile unsigned long *GPCDAT = NULL;
//VD10,11,12,13,14,15 -> G -> GPD2,3,4,5,6,7引脚 address:0x56000030
//VD19,20,21,22,23 -> R -> GPD11,12,13,14,15引脚
static volatile unsigned long *GPDCON = NULL;
static volatile unsigned long *GPDDAT = NULL;
static struct lcd_regs *lcd_regs = NULL;
static int __init lcd_init(void) //入口函数
{
/* 1.分配一个fb_info结构体 */
/* 原型: struct fb_info *framebuffer_alloc(size_t size, struct device *dev)
* 其中的size表示大小，内核在分配结构体的同时会额外的分配一些内存空间 原来
* 分配的空间中有一个指针，指向这个额外的内存空间，里面存放私有数据。这里我
* 们不需要,所以size为0，指针为空
*/
s3c_lcd = framebuffer_alloc(0, NULL);
/* 2. 设置 */
/* 2.1 设置固定参数fix*/
strcpy(s3c_lcd->fix.id, "mylcd"); //设置名字
s3c_lcd->fix.smem_len = 480*272*16/8; //设置framebuffer显存的长度
s3c_lcd->fix.type = FB_TYPE_PACKED_PIXELS; //设置显示格式
s3c_lcd->fix.visual = FB_VISUAL_TRUECOLOR; //TFT是真彩色
s3c_lcd->fix.line_length = 480*2; //行长度，单位是字节
/* 2.2 设置可变参数 */
s3c_lcd->var.xres = 480; //x方向的分辨率
s3c_lcd->var.yres = 272; //y方向的分辨率
s3c_lcd->var.xres_virtual = 480; //x方向的虚拟分辨率
s3c_lcd->var.yres_virtual = 272; //y方向的虚拟分辨率
s3c_lcd->var.bits_per_pixel = 16; //每个像素多少位: 16位
/* RGB:565 */
//设置fb缓存的R位域
s3c_lcd->var.red.offset = 11;
s3c_lcd->var.red.length = 5;
//设置fb缓存的G位域
s3c_lcd->var.green.offset = 5;
s3c_lcd->var.green.length = 6;
//设置fb缓存的B位域
s3c_lcd->var.blue.offset = 0;
s3c_lcd->var.blue.length = 5;
//使用默认值
s3c_lcd->var.activate = FB_ACTIVATE_NOW;
/* 2.3 设置操作函数 */
s3c_lcd->fbops = &s3c_lcd_fb_ops;
/* 其他设置 */
s3c_lcd->pseudo_palette = pseudo_pal; //设置调色板
s3c_lcd->screen_size = 480*272*16/8; //虚拟显存的长度
/* 硬件相关的操作 */
/* 配置GPIO用于LCD */
GPBCON = ioremap(0x56000010,8);
GPBDAT = GPBCON + 1;
GPCCON = ioremap(0x56000020,4);
GPDCON = ioremap(0x56000030,4);
GPGCON = ioremap(0x56000060,4);
GPGDAT = GPGCON + 1;
//GPIO管脚用于VD[7:0],LCDVF[2:0],VM,VFRAME,VLINE,VCLK,LEND
*GPCCON = 0xaaaaaaaa;
//GPIO管脚用于VD[23:8]
*GPDCON = 0xaaaaaaaa;
*GPBCON &= ~(0x03); //GPB0设置为输出引脚 ：KEYBOARD
*GPBCON |= (0x01);
*GPBDAT &= ~(0x01); //输出低电平，先不要开启背光
*GPGCON |= (0x03 << 8); //GPG4设置LCD_PWREN,电源使能引脚
*GPGDAT |= (0x01 << 4); //GPG4引脚输出高电平
/* 根据LCD手册设置LCD控制器，比如VCLK的频率等 */
lcd_regs = ioremap(0X4D000000,sizeof(struct lcd_regs));
/* 设置频率等参数
* CLKVAL : bit[17:8] VCLK = HCLK / [(CLKVAL+1) x 2
* HCLK:dmesg查看内核信息，100MHz
* VCLK = 100MHz / [(CLKVAL+1) x 2
* VCLK:查看LCD手册,5MHz (P11页)
* 5MHz = 100MHz / [(CLKVAL+1) x 2
* CLKVAL = 9MHz
* PNRMODE : bit[6:5] 设置LCD显示模式
* 0b11 = TFT LCD panel
* BPPMODE : bit[4:1] 设置BPP模式
* 0b1100 = 16 bpp for TFT
* ENVID : bit[0] 设置是否输出视频格式
* 1 = Enable the video output and the LCD control signal
* 0 = Disable the video output and the LCD control signal
*/
lcd_regs -> lcdcon1 = (0x09<<8)|(0x03<<5)|(0x0c<<1);
/* 垂直方向的时间参数；可以结合LCD手册和主控芯片手册的LCD控制器章节计算以下参数；
* VBPD : bit[31:24],VSYNC时钟之后过多长时间才发出第一行数据,设置为1；
* LINEVAL : bit[23:14],多少行,设置为271；
* VFPD : bit[13:6],发出最后一行之后，再过多长时间才发出VSYNC信号，设置为1；
* VSPW : bit[5:0],VSYNC有效信号的保持时间，设置为9；
*/
lcd_regs -> lcdcon2 = (0x01<<24)|(0x10f<<14)|(0x01<<6)|(0x09<<0);
/* 水平方向的时间参数
* HBPD：bit[25:19],HSYNC时钟信号之后过多长时间才发出第一个有效像素数据，设置为1；
* HOZVAL：bit[18:8],一行有多少个有效像素，设置为479；
* HFPD：bit[7:0],发出最后一个有效像素之后，再过多长时间才发出HSYNC信号，设置为1；
*/
lcd_regs -> lcdcon3 = (0x01<<19)|(0x1DF<<8)|(0x01<<0);
/* 水平方向的时间参数
* HSPW: bit[7:0],HSYNC时钟信号的宽度，设置为40；
*/
lcd_regs -> lcdcon4 = (0x28<<0);
/* 信号的极性设置
* FRM565：bit[11],设置为 1 = 5:6:5 Format
* INVVCLK：bit[10],设置为 0 = The video data is fetched at VCLK falling edge
* INVVLINE：bit[9],This bit indicates the VLINE/HSYNC pulse polarity,设置为1 = Inverted
* INVVFRAME:bit[8],This bit indicates the VFRAME/VSYNC pulse polarity,设置为1 = Inverted
* INVVD:bit[7],This bit indicates the VD (video data) pulse polarity,设置为0 = Normal
* INVVDEN：bit[6],This bit indicates the VDEN signal polarity,设置为0 = normal
* INVPWREN:bit[5],This bit indicates the PWREN signal polarity,设置为0 = normal
* PWREN:bit[3], LCD_PWREN output signal enable/disable,设置为0 = Disable PWREN signal
* BSWP：bit[1],Byte swap control bit,设置为0 = Swap Disable
* HWSWP:bit[0],Half-Word swap control bit,设置为1 = Swap Enable
*/
lcd_regs -> lcdcon5 = (1<<11)|(0<<10)|(1<<9)|(1<<8)|(1<<0);
/* 分配(framebuffer)显存，告诉LCD控制器显存地址 */
//返回显存的虚拟地址
s3c_lcd->screen_base = dma_alloc_writecombine(NULL,s3c_lcd->fix.smem_len,&s3c_lcd->fix.smem_start,GFP_KERNEL);
/* Frame buffer start address 1 register
*/
lcd_regs -> lcdsaddr1 = (s3c_lcd->fix.smem_start>>1) & ~(3<<30) ;
//Frame buffer start address 2 register
lcd_regs -> lcdsaddr2 = ((s3c_lcd->fix.smem_start+s3c_lcd->fix.smem_len)>>1) & 0x1fffff;
//Virtual screen address set
lcd_regs -> lcdsaddr3 = 480*16/16; //一行的长度，单位half words，2字节 有疑问
/* 启动LCD */
lcd_regs -> lcdcon1 |= (0x01<<0); //使能LCD控制器
lcd_regs -> lcdcon5 |= (1<<3); //使能LCD本身
*GPBDAT |= (0x01); //输出高电平，开启LCD背光灯
/* 注册 */
register_framebuffer(s3c_lcd);
return 0;
}
static void __exit lcd_exit(void)
{
unregister_framebuffer(s3c_lcd);
/* 关闭LCD */
lcd_regs -> lcdcon1 &= ~(0x01>>0); //关闭LCD本身
*GPBDAT &= ~(0x01); //输出低电平，关闭LCD背光灯
//释放显存
dma_alloc_writecombine(NULL,s3c_lcd->fix.smem_len,s3c_lcd->screen_base,s3c_lcd->fix.smem_start);
//取消映射端口
iounmap(lcd_regs);
iounmap(GPBCON);
iounmap(GPCCON);
iounmap(GPDCON);
iounmap(GPGDAT);
iounmap(GPGCON);
framebuffer_release(s3c_lcd);
}
module_init(lcd_init);
module_exit(lcd_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("LCD drivers by Cai haitao");
测试：
1.make menuconfig去掉原来的LCD驱动程序；
Device Drivers
Graphics support
<M> S3C2410 LCD framebuffer support
2. make uImage
uImage 文件里面已经不包含LCD驱动；
make modules
将cfbcopyarea.ko，cfbfillrect.ko，cfbimgblt.ko三个文件拷贝开发板；
3. 使用新的uImage启动开发板
下载uImage的方法：
reboot-->按任意键进入菜单模式，输入：
nfs 30000000 192.168.1.123:/work/nfs_root/first_fs/uImage
然后bootm 30000000启动开发板
4. 加载驱动程序
insmod cfbcopyarea.ko
insmod cfbfillrect.ko
insmod cfbimgblt.ko
insmod lcd.ko
5.
echo hello > /dev/tty1 // 可以在LCD上看见hello
cat lcd.ko > /dev/fb0 // 花屏
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