7.Python入门到精通

最新推荐文章于 2024-10-02 10:53:34 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-10-02 10:53:34 发布

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文章标签： python

原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/jiemei/1911245

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函数：递归是神马

递归求阶乘

写一个求阶乘的函数

正整数阶乘指从1乘以2乘以3乘以4一直乘到所要求的数。

例如所给的数是5，则阶乘式是1×2×3×4×5，得到的积是120，所以120就是4的阶乘。

def factorial(n):

result = n

for i in range(1,n):

result *= i

return result

number = int(input("请输入一个正整数:"))

result = factorial(number)

print("%d的阶乘是：%d" % (number,result))

def factorial(n):

if n == 1:

return 1

else:

return n * factorial(n-1)

number = int(input("请输入一个正整数:"))

result = factorial(number)

print("%d的阶乘是：%d" % (number,result))

假设我们n的值传入是5，那么：

factorial(5) = 5 * factorial(4)

factorial(4) = 4 * factorial(3)

factorial(3) = 3 * factorial(2)

factorial(2) = 2 * factorial(1)

factorial(1) = 1

斐波那契数列的迭代实现

我们都知道兔子繁殖能力是惊人的，如下图：

所经过的月数123456789101112

兔子的总对数1123581321345589144

我们可以用数学函数来定义：

1，当n=1

F(n) = 1，当n=2

F(n-1)+F(n-2)，当n>2

课间练习：假设我们需要求出经历了20个月后，总共有多少对小兔崽子？（迭代 vs 递归）

def fab(n):

n1 = 1

n2 = 1

n3 = 1

if n < 1:

print('输入有误！')

return -1

while (n-2) > 0:

n3 = n2 + n1

n1 = n2

n2 = n3

n -= 1

return n3

result = fab(20)

if result != -1:

print('总共有%d对小兔崽子诞生！' % result)

def fab(n):

if n < 1:

print('输入有误！')

return -1

if n == 1 or n == 2:

return 1

else:

return fab(n-1) + fab(n-2)

result = fab(20)

if result != -1:

print('总共有%d对小兔崽子诞生！' % result)

递归：汉诺塔

def hanoi(n, x, y, z):

if n == 1:

print(x, ' --> ', z)

else:

hanoi(n-1, x, z, y) # 将前n-1个盘子从x移动到y上

print(x, ' --> ', z) # 将最底下的最后一个盘子从x移动到z上

hanoi(n-1, y, x, z) # 将y上的n-1个盘子移动到z上

n = int(input('请输入汉诺塔的层数：'))

hanoi(n, 'X', 'Y', 'Z')

字典：当索引不好用时

>>> brand = ['李宁' , '耐克' , '阿迪达斯' , '鱼C工作室']

>>> slogan = ['一切皆有可能' , 'Just do it' , 'Impossible is nothing' , '让编程改变世界']

>>> print('鱼C工作室的口号是：', slogan[brand.index('鱼C工作室')])

鱼C工作室的口号是：让编程改变世界

>>>

创建和访问字典

>>> dict1 = {'李宁':'一切皆有可能' , '耐克': 'Just do it', '阿迪达斯' :'Impossible is nothing', '鱼C工作室':'让编程改变世界'}

>>> print('鱼C工作室的口号是：',dict1['鱼C工作室'])

鱼C工作室的口号是：让编程改变世界

>>>

>>> dict2 = {1:'one',2:'two',3:'three'}

>>> dict2[2]

'two'

>>>

>>> help(dict)

Help on class dict in module builtins:

class dict(object)

| dict() -> new empty dictionary

| dict(mapping) -> new dictionary initialized from a mapping object's

| (key, value) pairs

| dict(iterable) -> new dictionary initialized as if via:

| d = {}

| for k, v in iterable:

| d[k] = v

| dict(**kwargs) -> new dictionary initialized with the name=value pairs

| in the keyword argument list. For example: dict(one=1, two=2)

| Methods defined here:

| __contains__(self, key, /)

| True if D has a key k, else False.

| __delitem__(self, key, /)

| Delete self[key].

| __eq__(self, value, /)

| Return self==value.

| __ge__(self, value, /)

| Return self>=value.

| __getattribute__(self, name, /)

| Return getattr(self, name).

| __getitem__(...)

| x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y]

| __gt__(self, value, /)

| Return self>value.

| __init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs)

| Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.

| __iter__(self, /)

| Implement iter(self).

| __le__(self, value, /)

| Return self<=value.

| __len__(self, /)

| Return len(self).

| __lt__(self, value, /)

| Return self<value.

| __ne__(self, value, /)

| Return self!=value.

| __new__(*args, **kwargs) from builtins.type

| Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature.

| __repr__(self, /)

| Return repr(self).

| __setitem__(self, key, value, /)

| Set self[key] to value.

| __sizeof__(...)

| D.__sizeof__() -> size of D in memory, in bytes

| clear(...)

| D.clear() -> None. Remove all items from D.

| copy(...)

| D.copy() -> a shallow copy of D

| fromkeys(iterable, value=None, /) from builtins.type

| Returns a new dict with keys from iterable and values equal to value.

| get(...)

| D.get(k[,d]) -> D[k] if k in D, else d. d defaults to None.

| items(...)

| D.items() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's items

| keys(...)

| D.keys() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's keys

| pop(...)

| D.pop(k[,d]) -> v, remove specified key and return the corresponding value.

| If key is not found, d is returned if given, otherwise KeyError is raised

| popitem(...)

| D.popitem() -> (k, v), remove and return some (key, value) pair as a

| 2-tuple; but raise KeyError if D is empty.

| setdefault(...)

| D.setdefault(k[,d]) -> D.get(k,d), also set D[k]=d if k not in D

| update(...)

| D.update([E, ]**F) -> None. Update D from dict/iterable E and F.

| If E is present and has a .keys() method, then does: for k in E: D[k] = E[k]

| If E is present and lacks a .keys() method, then does: for k, v in E: D[k] = v

| In either case, this is followed by: for k in F: D[k] = F[k]

| values(...)

| D.values() -> an object providing a view on D's values

| ----------------------------------------------------------------------

| Data and other attributes defined here:

| __hash__ = None

>>>

>>> dict3 = dict((('F',70),('i',105),('s',115),('h',104),('c',67)))

>>> dict3

{'F': 70, 'i': 105, 's': 115, 'h': 104, 'c': 67}

>>>

>>> dict4 = dict(小甲鱼='编程改变世界',JM='加强各方面知识')

>>> dict4

{'小甲鱼': '编程改变世界', 'JM': '加强各方面知识'}

>>>

>>> dict4['JM'] = '学习编程'

>>> dict4

{'小甲鱼': '编程改变世界', 'JM': '学习编程'}

>>>

>>> dict4['小明'] = '网络安全'

>>> dict4

{'小甲鱼': '编程改变世界', 'JM': '学习编程', '小明': '网络安全'}

>>>

>>> dict1.fromkeys((1,2,3))

{1: None, 2: None, 3: None}

>>> dict1.fromkeys((1,2,3),'Number')

{1: 'Number', 2: 'Number', 3: 'Number'}

>>>

>>> dict1.fromkeys((1,2,3),('Number','two','three'))

{1: ('Number', 'two', 'three'), 2: ('Number', 'two', 'three'), 3: ('Number', 'two', 'three')}

>>> dict1 =dict1.fromkeys(range(32),'赞')

>>> dict1

{0: '赞', 1: '赞', 2: '赞', 3: '赞', 4: '赞', 5: '赞', 6: '赞', 7: '赞', 8: '赞', 9: '赞', 10: '赞', 11: '赞', 12: '赞', 13: '赞', 14: '赞', 15: '赞', 16: '赞', 17: '赞', 18: '赞', 19: '赞', 20: '赞', 21: '赞', 22: '赞', 23: '赞', 24: '赞', 25: '赞', 26: '赞', 27: '赞', 28: '赞', 29: '赞', 30: '赞', 31: '赞'}

>>> for eachKey in dict1.keys():

print(eachKey)

>>> for eachValue in dict1.values():

print(eachValue)

>>>

>>> for eachItem in dict1.items():

print(eachItem)

(0, '赞')

(1, '赞')

(2, '赞')

(3, '赞')

(4, '赞')

(5, '赞')

(6, '赞')

(7, '赞')

(8, '赞')

(9, '赞')

(10, '赞')

(11, '赞')

(12, '赞')

(13, '赞')

(14, '赞')

(15, '赞')

(16, '赞')

(17, '赞')

(18, '赞')

(19, '赞')

(20, '赞')

(21, '赞')

(22, '赞')

(23, '赞')

(24, '赞')

(25, '赞')

(26, '赞')

(27, '赞')

(28, '赞')

(29, '赞')

(30, '赞')

(31, '赞')

>>>

>>> print(dict1[31])

>>> print(dict1[32])

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "<pyshell#54>", line 1, in <module>

print(dict1[32])

KeyError: 32

>>>

>>> dict1.get(32)

>>> print(dict1.get(32))

None

>>>

>>> dict1.get(32,'没有')

'没有'

>>> dict1.get(31,'没有')

'赞'

>>>

>>> 31 in dict1

True

>>> 32 in dict1

False

>>>

>>> dict1

>>> dict1.clear()

>>> dict1

{}

>>> dict1 = {}

>>> a = {'姓名':'小甲鱼'}

>>> b = a

>>> b

{'姓名': '小甲鱼'}

>>> b

{'姓名': '小甲鱼'}

>>> a = {}

>>> a

{}

>>> b

{'姓名': '小甲鱼'}

>>> a = b

>>> a

{'姓名': '小甲鱼'}

>>> b

{'姓名': '小甲鱼'}

>>> a.clear()

>>> a

{}

>>> b

{}

>>> dir(dict)

['__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__delitem__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__setitem__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'clear', 'copy', 'fromkeys', 'get', 'items', 'keys', 'pop', 'popitem', 'setdefault', 'update', 'values']

>>>

>>> a = {1:'one',2:'two',3:'three'}

>>> b = a.copy()

>>> c = a

>>> c

{1: 'one', 2: 'two', 3: 'three'}

>>> a

{1: 'one', 2: 'two', 3: 'three'}

>>> b

{1: 'one', 2: 'two', 3: 'three'}

>>> id(a)

48459920