前言
在 Android app 中，侧边栏的应用是非常普遍的，从 Google 的官方 UI 设计指南中可以看出这种设计对 UI || UED 的引导，不仅如此，Google 自家的应用也对侧边栏进行了广泛的实践，inbox gmail 就是其中之一。因此，你也可能遇到有一天你的 UI || UED 跑过来对你说我们 iOS 也支持一下 “侧边栏” 导航吧。如果你有这个需求又恰好看到这篇文章，那么恭喜你，本来可能需要加班的你可以解放了。
正文
如上图，像这样的效果实现方式很多，我们项目中原来就有实现过，既然实现过，那么为什么还要去实现一遍呢？这就要从我苦逼的 iPad 适配之旅开始讲了，我们的项目是一个 OC + Swift + RN + H5 的一个混合项目，适配起来那个酸爽别提了，侧边是由 OC 写的老旧代码，在 iPad 的横竖屏适配上特别糟糕?，于是我决定用 Swift 封装一个 SideNavigation 的轮子。为了满足需求这个轮子应该具备以下特点：
- 横竖屏适配，满足 iPad 适配需求
- 支持 Swift && OC 满足混编需求
- 用户可以通过向右或者向左滑动呼出侧边栏
- 用户还可以通过拖拽关闭侧边栏
接口要简单
把复杂留给自己，简单留给他人，好的接口大底应该如此。如：
public convenience init(_ viewController: UIViewController, left: UIViewController)
public convenience init(_ viewController: UIViewController, right: UIViewController)
复制代码由上可知，我们只需要通过初始化一个 SideMenuManager 就能实现你想要的侧边抽屉效果，实在是太方便了?。
实现
(1) 实现 UIViewControllerTransitioningDelegate 我们可以通过 UIViewControllerTransitioningDelegate 来实现转场动画：
public func presentationController(forPresented presented: UIViewController, presenting: UIViewController?, source: UIViewController) -> UIPresentationController? {
let presentationController = PresentationController(presentedViewController: presented, presenting: presenting)
presentationController.delegate = self
presentationController.direction = direction
self.dismissInteractor = PercentDrivenInteractiveTransition(self.presentController, with: presentationController.dimmingView, present: nil, direction: self.direction)
return presentationController
}
public func animationController(forDismissed dismissed: UIViewController) -> UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning? {
let animator = AnimatedTransitioning()
animator.direction = direction
animator.transitionType = .dismiss
return animator
}
public func animationController(forPresented presented: UIViewController, presenting: UIViewController, source: UIViewController) -> UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning? {
let animator = AnimatedTransitioning()
animator.direction = direction
animator.transitionType = .present
return animator
}
public func interactionControllerForDismissal(using animator: UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning) -> UIViewControllerInteractiveTransitioning? {
return self.dismissInteractor.isInteractiveTransition ? self.dismissInteractor : nil
}
public func interactionControllerForPresentation(using animator: UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning) -> UIViewControllerInteractiveTransitioning? {
return self.presentInteractor.isInteractiveTransition ? self.presentInteractor : nil
}
复制代码通过使用 SideNavigation 我们可以知道，我们的侧边效果是通过转场来实现的，要达到侧边栏的效果，我们可以自定义转场动画，?代码中的代理就是转场协议的实现，包括对 non-interactive 和 interactive 动画进行自定义实现。
（2）自定义 UIPresentationController 在 public func presentationController(forPresented presented: UIViewController, presenting: UIViewController?, source: UIViewController) -> UIPresentationController? 函数中我们需要返回一个指定的 UIPresentationController, 当然，我们这里需要对我们的 UIPresentationController 适当的做一些改造来满足我们的需求:
// MARK: - Initializers
override init(presentedViewController: UIViewController, presenting presentingViewController: UIViewController?) {
super.init(presentedViewController: presentedViewController, presenting: presentingViewController)
}
override var frameOfPresentedViewInContainerView: CGRect {
var frame: CGRect = super.frameOfPresentedViewInContainerView
switch direction {
case .right:
frame.origin.x = frame.size.width / 3
default:
break
}
frame.size = size(forChildContentContainer: presentedViewController, withParentContainerSize: containerView!.bounds.size)
return frame
}
override func containerViewWillLayoutSubviews() {
presentedView?.frame = frameOfPresentedViewInContainerView
}
override func size(forChildContentContainer container: UIContentContainer, withParentContainerSize parentSize: CGSize) -> CGSize {
return CGSize(width: parentSize.width*(2.0/3.0), height: parentSize.height)
}
override func presentationTransitionWillBegin() {
containerView?.insertSubview(dimmingView, at: 0)
NSLayoutConstraint.activate(NSLayoutConstraint.constraints(withVisualFormat: "V:|[dimmingView]|", options: [], metrics: nil, views: ["dimmingView": dimmingView]))
NSLayoutConstraint.activate(NSLayoutConstraint.constraints(withVisualFormat: "H:|[dimmingView]|", options: [], metrics: nil, views: ["dimmingView": dimmingView]))
guard let coordinator = presentedViewController.transitionCoordinator else {
dimmingView.alpha = 1.0
return
}
coordinator.animate(alongsideTransition: { _ in
self.dimmingView.alpha = 1.0
})
}
override func dismissalTransitionWillBegin() {
guard let coordinator = presentedViewController.transitionCoordinator else {
dimmingView.alpha = 0.0
return
}
coordinator.animate(alongsideTransition: { _ in
self.dimmingView.alpha = 0.0
})
}
lazy var dimmingView: UIView = {
let dimming = UIView()
dimming.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
dimming.backgroundColor = UIColor(white: 0.0, alpha: 0.5)
dimming.alpha = 0.0
let recognizer = UITapGestureRecognizer(target: self, action: #selector(handleTap(recognizer:)))
dimming.addGestureRecognizer(recognizer)
return dimming
}()
@objc dynamic func handleTap(recognizer: UITapGestureRecognizer) {
presentingViewController.dismiss(animated: true)
}
复制代码在自定义的 UIPresentationController 的过程中，我们对 presentedView 的 frame 进行简单的更改，已达到我们的期望。从效果图中我们也看到，我们还需要一个 dimmingView 来实现半透明效果，这里我们还未它添加了一个手势以便于 dismiss 抽屉。
（3）实现 UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning
public func animationController(forDismissed dismissed: UIViewController) -> UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning? 需要返回一个 UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning 这里我们来初略的看一下：
func transitionDuration(using transitionContext: UIViewControllerContextTransitioning?) -> TimeInterval {
return kAnimationDuration
}
func animateTransition(using transitionContext: UIViewControllerContextTransitioning) {
let from = transitionContext.viewController(forKey: UITransitionContextViewControllerKey.from)
let to = transitionContext.viewController(forKey: UITransitionContextViewControllerKey.to)
switch transitionType {
case .present:
animatePresenting(in: transitionContext, to: to!, from: from!)
case .dismiss:
animateDismissing(in: transitionContext, to: to!, from: from!)
}
}
func animatePresenting(in transitionContext: UIViewControllerContextTransitioning, to: UIViewController, from: UIViewController) {
var fromRect = transitionContext.initialFrame(for: from)
var toRect = fromRect
switch direction {
case .left:
toRect.origin.x = -toRect.width / 3 * 2 // for the edge panGesture
if #available(iOS 11, *) {
// it's maybe a bug of iOS 11, it should be checked some time
fromRect = CGRect(x: fromRect.minX - (toRect.width / 3)/2, y: fromRect.minY, width: fromRect.width, height: fromRect.height)
}
case .right:
toRect.origin.x = toRect.width / 3 * 2
if #available(iOS 11, *) {
// it's maybe a bug of iOS 11, it should be checked some time
fromRect = CGRect(x: fromRect.minX + (toRect.width / 3)/2, y: fromRect.minY, width: fromRect.width, height: fromRect.height)
}
}
to.view.frame = toRect
transitionContext.containerView.addSubview(to.view)
UIView.animate(withDuration: kAnimationDuration, animations: {
to.view.frame = fromRect
}) { (_) in
if transitionContext.transitionWasCancelled {
transitionContext.completeTransition(false)
} else {
transitionContext.completeTransition(true)
}
}
}
func animateDismissing(in transitionContext: UIViewControllerContextTransitioning, to: UIViewController, from: UIViewController) {
var fromRect = transitionContext.initialFrame(for: from)
switch direction {
case .left:
fromRect.origin.x = -fromRect.width
case .right:
fromRect.origin.x = fromRect.width
}
UIView.animate(withDuration: kAnimationDuration, animations: {
from.view.frame = fromRect
}) { (_) in
if transitionContext.transitionWasCancelled {
transitionContext.completeTransition(false)
} else {
transitionContext.completeTransition(true)
}
}
}
复制代码从 animatePresenting 以及 animateDismissing 我们可以清晰的看到，这里就是对转场这个过程的 start 到 end 过程的位置状态做一个约束，然后在辅以简单的动画。
（4）UIPercentDrivenInteractiveTransition 的继承 还记得我们在第一步实现的 func interactionControllerForDismissal(using animator: UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning) -> UIViewControllerInteractiveTransitioning? && func interactionControllerForPresentation(using animator: UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning) -> UIViewControllerInteractiveTransitioning? 这两个函数吗？我们的用户交互效果就是通过这两个函数来实现的，在这里我们对 UIPercentDrivenInteractiveTransition 进行自定义：
convenience init(_ viewController: UIViewController, with view: UIView?, present: UIViewController?, direction: Direction? = .left) {
self.init()
self.viewController = viewController
self.direction = direction ?? .left
self.presentViewController = present
if self.presentViewController != nil {
switch self.direction {
case .left:
let edgePanGesture = UIScreenEdgePanGestureRecognizer(target: self, action: #selector(onPan(sender:)))
edgePanGesture.edges = .left
edgePanGesture.delegate = self
self.viewController.view.addGestureRecognizer(edgePanGesture)
case .right:
let edgePanGesture = UIScreenEdgePanGestureRecognizer(target: self, action: #selector(onPan(sender:)))
edgePanGesture.edges = .right
edgePanGesture.delegate = self
self.viewController.view.addGestureRecognizer(edgePanGesture)
break
}
} else {
let panGesture = UIPanGestureRecognizer(target: self, action: #selector(onPan(sender:)))
view?.addGestureRecognizer(panGesture)
let dismissPanGesture = UIPanGestureRecognizer(target: self, action: #selector(onPan(sender:)))
self.viewController.view.addGestureRecognizer(dismissPanGesture)
}
}
func gestureRecognizerShouldBegin(_ gestureRecognizer: UIGestureRecognizer) -> Bool {
/// to avoid the interactivePopGestureRecognizer of UINavigationController
if let nav = viewController as? UINavigationController {
return nav.viewControllers.count < 2
}
return true
}
@objc func onPan(sender: UIPanGestureRecognizer) {
let translation = sender.translation(in: sender.view?.superview)
switch sender.state {
case .began:
self.isInteractiveTransition = true
if self.presentViewController != nil {
self.viewController.present(self.presentViewController!, animated: true, completion: nil)
} else {
self.viewController.dismiss(animated: true, completion: nil)
}
case .changed:
let screenWidth = -UIScreen.main.bounds.size.width
var dragAmount = self.presentViewController == nil ? screenWidth : -screenWidth
switch direction {
case .left:
dragAmount = self.presentViewController == nil ? screenWidth : -screenWidth
case .right:
dragAmount = self.presentViewController != nil ? screenWidth : -screenWidth
}
let threshold: CGFloat = 0.20
var percent = translation.x / dragAmount
percent = max(percent, 0.0)
percent = min(percent, 1.0)
update(percent)
self.shouldComplete = percent > threshold
case .cancelled, .ended:
self.isInteractiveTransition = false
if self.shouldComplete == false || sender.state == .cancelled {
cancel()
} else {
finish()
}
default:
break
}
}
复制代码对 UIPercentDrivenInteractiveTransition 自定义的主要目的是对 转场动效的更新过程进行控制：
// These methods should be called by the gesture recognizer or some other logic
// to drive the interaction. This style of interaction controller should only be
// used with an animator that implements a CA style transition in the animator's
// animateTransition: method. If this type of interaction controller is
// specified, the animateTransition: method must ensure to call the
// UIViewControllerTransitionParameters completeTransition: method. The other
// interactive methods on UIViewControllerContextTransitioning should NOT be
// called. If there is an interruptible animator, these methods will either scrub or continue
// the transition in the forward or reverse directions.
open func update(_ percentComplete: CGFloat)
复制代码正是如此，我们在 UIPercentDrivenInteractiveTransition 的自定义过程中，通过对 中间视图和侧边视图添加手势来控制转场 update 的进度。 看看项目中的使用效果：
总结
实现一个简易的侧边抽屉效果还是很简单的，我们通过实现专场协议，自定义转场动画，添加滑动手势，设置转场始末位置状态，就可以轻松搞定侧边栏。
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