使用fdisk对新添加的硬盘进行格式化和挂载.

实验环境：

  虚拟机 centos 6.x

1、首先通过虚拟机添加一块scsi硬盘

2、启动服务器通过fdisk -l可以查看到新添加的磁盘，Disk /dev/sdb 10G是我新加的磁盘，且没有分区

[root@model ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 26.8 GB, 26843545600 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3263 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x0005eba6


   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sda1   *           1          64      512000   83  Linux

Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda2              64         128      512000   82  Linux swap / Solaris

Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda3             128        3264    25189376   83  Linux


Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000


3、LINUX系统如果要使用新的磁盘，我们还需要对磁盘进行分区和格式化成ext3或者ext4的文件系统

[root@model ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb   -----/dev/sdb 需要分区的设备名称

Command (m for help): 在这里按 m ，就会输出帮助；

Command action

a toggle a bootable flag

b edit bsd disklabel

c toggle the dos compatibility flag

d delete a partition 注：这是删除一个分区的动作；

l list known partition types 注：l是列出分区类型，以供我们设置相应分区的类型；

m print this menu 注：m 是列出帮助信息；

n add a new partition 注：添加一个分区；

o create a new empty DOS partition table

p print the partition table 注：p列出分区表；

q quit without saving changes 注：不保存退出；

s create a new empty Sun disklabel

t change a partition's system id 注：t 改变分区类型；

u change display/entry units

v verify the partition table

w write table to disk and exit 注：把分区表写入硬盘并退出；

x extra functionality (experts only) 注：扩展应用，专家功能；

Command (m for help): p   ---打印分区情况 ，如果没有分区，则不会显示任何分区信息

Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x8c30c419


   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System


Command (m for help): n   ----添加分区

Command action

   e   extended

   p   primary partition (1-4)

p     ---输入P 创建主分区 ，主分区可以创建4个

Partition number (1-4): 1

First cylinder (1-1305, default 1): 

Using default value 1

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-1305, default 1305): 

Using default value 1305


Command (m for help): w   ----将分区写入磁盘

The partition table has been altered!


Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

查看磁盘信息 ，/dev/sdb1  为新添加的磁盘分区

[root@model ~]# fdisk -l


Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes   ---添加的新磁盘

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x8c30c419


   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdb1               1        1305    10482381   83  Linux

[root@model ~]#  mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/sdb1 ---如果没有对分区进行格式化，挂载失败

mount: you must specify the filesystem type

[root@model ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1         ----格式化磁盘系统为ext3 

mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=4096 (log=2)

Fragment size=4096 (log=2)

Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks

655360 inodes, 2620595 blocks

131029 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

First data block=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=2684354560

80 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

8192 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks: 

32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632


Writing inode tables: done                            

Creating journal (32768 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done


This filesystem will be automatically checked every 35 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

[root@model ~]# mkdir  /mnt/sdb1   ---创建磁盘挂载点

[root@model ~]#  mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/sdb1    --- 成功挂载磁盘


这样我们就能进入 /mnt/sda6目录，然后存取文件了。