常见iptables策略

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1，清空存在的策略
当你开始创建新的策略，你可能想清除所有的默认策略，和存在的策略，可以这么做：
iptables -F 或者iptables –flush
2，设置默认策略
默认链策略是ACCEPT，改变所有的链策略为DROP:
iptables -P INPUT DROP
iptables -P FORWARD DROP
iptables -P OUTPUT DROP
3，阻止一个指定的ip
BLOCK_THIS_IP=“x.x.x.x”
iptables -A INPUT -s ”$BLOCK_THIS_IP“ -j DROP
iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -s “$BLOCK_THIS_IP” -j DROP
iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp -s “$BLOCK_THIS_IP” -j DROP
4，允许SSH
允许所有通过eth0接口使用ssh协议连接本机：
iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp –dport 22 -m state –state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp –sport 22 -m state –state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
5，允许某个网段通过ssh连接
iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp -s 192.168.100.0/24 –dport 22 -m state –state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp –sport 22 -m state –state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
6，允许http和https
允许所有进来的web流量：http协议的80端口
iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp –dport 80 -m state –state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp –sport 80 -m state –state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
允许所有进来的web流量：https协议的443端口
iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp –dport 443 -m state –state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp –sport 443 -m state –state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
7，多个策略联合一起
允许ssh，http，https：
iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp -m multiport –dports 22,80,443 -m state –state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp -m multiport –sports 22,80,443 -m state –state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
8，允许SSH连接其他主机
iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp –dport 22 -m state –state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp –sport 22 -m state –state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
9，允许SSH连接指定的网段
iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp -d 192.168.100.0/24 –dport 22 -m state –state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp –sport 22 -m state –state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
10，允许https出去
iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp –dport 443 -m state –state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp –sport 443 -m state –state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
11，对web请求做负载均衡(每三个包，均衡到指定服务器，需要扩展iptables)
iptables -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -p tcp –dport 443 -m state –state NEW -m nth –counter 0 –every 3 –packet 0 -j DNAT –to-destination 192.168.1.101:443
iptables -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -p tcp –dport 443 -m state –state NEW -m nth –counter 0 –every 3 –packet 1 -j DNAT –to-destination 192.168.1.102:443
iptables -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -p tcp –dport 443 -m state –state NEW -m nth –counter 0 –every 3 –packet 2 -j DNAT –to-destination 192.168.1.103:443
12，允许ping
iptables -A INPUT -p icmp –icmp-type echo-request -j ACCEPT
iptables -A OUTPUT -p icmp –icmp-type echo-reply -j ACCEPT
13，允许ping远程
iptables -A OUTPUT -p icmp –icmp-type echo-request -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p icmp –icmp-type echo-reply -j ACCEPT
14，允许本地回环
iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
iptables -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT
15，允许内网访问外部网络
这个例子eth1 连接外部网络，eth0连接内部网络
iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o eth1 -j ACCEPT
16，允许DNS出去
iptables -A OUTPUT -p udp -o eth0 –dport 53 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p udp -i eth0 –sport 53 -j ACCEPT
17，允许NIS连接
NIS端口是动态的，当ypbind启动时它分配端口。
首先运行 rpcinfo -p 显示得到端口号，这个例子使用端口850,853。
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp –dport 111 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p udp –dport 111 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp –dport 853 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p udp –dport 853 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp –dport 850 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p udp –dport 850 -j ACCEPT
上面的例子当ypbind重新启动时将失效，有2种解决方案：
(1)分配nis服务静态ip(2) 使用精妙的脚本
18，允许指定网段连接Rsync
iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp -s 192.168.101.0/24 –dport 873 -m state –state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp –sport 873 -m state –state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
19，允许mysql从指定的网段连接
iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp -s 192.168.100.0/24 –dport 3306 -m state –state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp –sport 3306 -m state –state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
20，允许sendmail或者postfix
iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp –dport 25 -m state –state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp –sport 25 -m state –state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
21，允许IMAP和IMAPS
IMAP:
iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp –dport 143 -m state –state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp –sport 143 -m state –state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
IMAPS:
iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp –dport 993 -m state –state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp –sport 993 -m state –state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
22，允许POP3和POP3S
POP3：
iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp –dport 110 -m state –state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp –sport 110 -m state –state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
POP3S：
iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp –dport 995 -m state –state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp –sport 995 -m state –state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
23，预防DOS攻击
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp –dport 80 -m limit –limit 25/minute –limit-burst 100 -j ACCEPT
-m ： 使用iptables扩展
–limit 25/minute : 限制分钟连接请求数
–limit-burst：触发阀值，一次涌入数据包数量
24，端口转发
来自442的都转到22端口
iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp -d 192.168.102.37 –dport 422 -j DNAT –to 192.168.102.37:22
你还必须明确允许442端口
iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp –dport 422 -m state –state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
iptables -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -p tcp –sport 422 -m state –state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
25，包丢弃日志
你也许想查看所有丢弃包的日志。
首先创建一个新链叫 LOGGING
iptables -N LOGGING
确保所有的连接跳到LOGGING
iptables -A INPUT -j LOGGING
记录这些包通过自定义名字 “log-prefix”
iptables -A LOGGING -m limit –limit 2/min -j LOG –log-prefix “IPTables Packet Dropped:” –log-level 7
最后丢弃这些数据包
iptables -A LOGGING -j DROP

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/thmz/blog/83515