MariaDB安装
- cd /usr/local/src
- wget https://downloads.mariadb.com/MariaDB/mariadb-10.2.6/bintar-linux-glibc_214-x86_64/mariadb-10.2.6-linux-glibc_214-x86_64.tar.gz
- tar zxvf mariadb-10.2.6-linux-glibc_214-x86_64.tar.gz
- mv mariadb-10.2.6-linux-glibc_214-x86_64 /usr/local/mariadb
- cd /usr/local/mariadb
- ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mariadb/ --datadir=/data/mariadb
- cp support-files/my-small.cnf /usr/local/mariadb/my.cnf
- vi /usr/local/mariadb/my.cnf //定义basedir和datadir
- cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mariadb
- vim /etc/init.d/mariadb //定义basedir、datadir、conf以及启动参数
- /etc/init.d/mariadb start
1.下载mariaDB
[root@linux-128 ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@linux-128 src]# wget https://downloads.mariadb.com/MariaDB/mariadb-10.2.6/bintar-linux-glibc_214-x86_64/mariadb-10.2.6-linux-glibc_214-x86_64.tar.gz
2.解压
[root@linux-128 src]# tar -zxvf mariadb-10.2.6-linux-glibc_214-x86_64.tar.gz
3.将目录重名命
[root@linux-128 src]# mv mariadb-10.2.6-linux-glibc_214-x86_64 /usr/local/mariadb
[root@linux-128 src]# cd /usr/local/mariadb/
[root@linux-128 mariadb]# ls
bin data include mysql-test share
COPYING DESTINATION INSTALL-BINARY README.md sql-bench
COPYING.thirdparty docs lib README-wsrep support-files
CREDITS EXCEPTIONS-CLIENT man scripts
4.创建mysql用户
[root@linux-128 mysql]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin mysql
5.创建存放数据库的目录
[root@linux-128 mysql]# mkdir /data
6.初始化
[root@linux-128 mariadb]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mariadb/ --datadir=/data/mariadb //--user=mysql定义mysql身份运行,--basedir=/usr/local/mariadb 定义mariadb的安装目录,这里如果不定义mariadb的目录有可能系统会去找之前安装的mysql的目录,--datadir=/data/mariadb定义存放数据库的目录
[root@linux-128 mariadb]# echo $? //
0
7.配置文件
Mariadb的配置文件也在/user/local/mariadb/support-files/目录下,和mysql有一定区别,这个目录下有好几个配置模板
[root@linux-128 mariadb]# ls /usr/local/mariadb/support-files/
binary-configure my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf my-small.cnf mysql.server wsrep_notify
magic my-large.cnf mysqld_multi.server policy
my-huge.cnf my-medium.cnf mysql-log-rotate wsrep.cnf
my-huge.cnf my-large.cnf my-medium.cnf my-small.cnf这些配置文件的区别就在于缓存数字的大小不一样,这些值是根据内存的大小指定合适的缓存,这样会让mysql达到一个更高效的性能。我们做实验内存是1G 拷贝my-small.cnf就可以,如果你的内存有几十G,可以拷贝my-huge.cnf,再根据实际情况适当调整这些参数。
1.拷贝配置文件
[root@linux-128 mariadb]# cp support-files/my-small.cnf /usr/local/mariadb/my.cnf //为了和之前mysql的配置文件区别,将配置文件路径修改下。
2.修改配置文件
[root@linux-128 ~]# vim /usr/local/mariadb/my.cnf
添加basedir和datadir
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mariadb //mariadb安装目录
datadir = /data/mariadb //存放数据库目录
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 16K
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 4
sort_buffer_size = 64K
read_buffer_size = 256K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 256K
net_buffer_length = 2K
thread_stack = 240K
8.拷贝启动脚本
[root@linux-128 mariadb]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mariadb
1.修改启动脚本
[root@linux-128 ~]# vim /etc/init.d/mariadb
需要修改2个地方
basedir=/usr/local/mariadb //存放mariadb的目录
datadir=/data/mariadb //存放数据库的目录
conf=$basedir/my.cnf //指定配置文件的路径
并且在开始启动脚本中添加上面修改的配置文件路径
2.启动脚本
[root@linux-128 ~]# /etc/init.d/mariadb start
Starting mariadb (via systemctl): [ 确定 ]
这里要注意:之前安装过mysql,所以在安装mariadb的时候,要先关闭mysqld服务,在启动脚本中指定了配置文件路径conf,并将添加到启动脚本中,如果之前没有装过mysql,可以直接将配置文件拷贝到/etc/my.cnf,启动脚本中也不用指定配置文件路径。
Apache
- Apache是一个基金会的名字,httpd才是我们要安装的软件包,早期它的名字就叫apache
- Apache官网www.apache.org
- Apache wget http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.29.tar.gz
- apr: wget http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/apr/apr-1.6.3.tar.gz
- apr-util:wget http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2
- apr和apr-util是一个通用的函数库,它让httpd可以不关心底层的操作系统平台,可以很方便地移植(从linux移植到windows)
- tar zxvf httpd-2.4.27.tar.gz
- tar zxvf apr-util-1.5.4.tar.gz
- tar zxvf apr-1.5.2.tar.gz
- cd /usr/local/src/apr-1.5.2
- ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
- make && make install
- cd /usr/local/src/apr-util-1.5.4
- ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr
- make && make install
- cd /usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.27
- ./configure \ //这里的反斜杠是脱义字符,加上它我们可以把一行命令写成多行
- --prefix=/usr/local/apache2.4 \
- --with-apr=/usr/local/apr \
- --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util \
- --enable-so \
- --enable-mods-shared=most
- make && make install
- ls /usr/local/apache2.4/modules
- /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/httpd -M //查看加载的模块
1.下载apache和apr、apr-util
[root@linux-128 apr-1.6.3]# http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.29.tar.gz
[root@linux-128 apr-1.6.3]# wget http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/apr/apr-1.6.3.tar.gz
[root@linux-128 apr-1.6.3]# wget http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2
2.解压
[root@linux-128 apr-1.6.3]# tar zxvf apr-1.6.3.tar.gz
[root@linux-128 src]# tar -jxvf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2
[root@linux-128 src]# tar -zxvf httpd-2.4.29.tar.gz
3.安装apr
[root@linux-128 src]# cd apr-1.6.3/
初始化
[root@linux-128 apr-1.6.3]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
…
[root@linux-128 apr-1.6.3]# echo $? //检查初始化是否正确
0
编译make
[root@linux-128 apr-1.6.3]# make
[root@linux-128 apr-1.6.3]# echo $? //检查编译是否正确
0
编译安装 make install
[root@linux-128 apr-1.6.3]# make install
…
[root@linux-128 apr-1.6.3]# echo $? //检查编译安装是否正确
0
[root@linux-128 apr-1.6.3]# ls /usr/local/apr
bin build-1 include lib
4.安装apr-util
[root@linux-128 apr-1.6.3]# cd /usr/local/src/apr-util-1.6.1/
初始化
[root@linux-128 apr-util-1.6.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr
[root@linux-128 apr-util-1.6.1]# echo $?
0
编译make
[root@linux-128 apr-util-1.6.1]# make
…
xml/apr_xml.c:35:19: 致命错误:expat.h:没有那个文件或目录
#include <expat.h>
^
编译中断。
make[1]: *** [xml/apr_xml.lo] 错误 1
make[1]: 离开目录“/usr/local/src/apr-util-1.6.1”
make: *** [all-recursive] 错误 1
编译报错,需要安装expat-devel包
[root@linux-128 apr-util-1.6.1]# yum install -y expat-devel
然后重新编译 make
…
[root@linux-128 apr-util-1.6.1]# echo $?
0
编译安装 make install
[root@linux-128 apr-util-1.6.1]# make install
[root@linux-128 apr-util-1.6.1]# echo $?
0
apr/ bin/ games/ lib/ libexec/ mysql/ share/
[root@linux-128 apr-util-1.6.1]# ls /usr/local/apr-util/
bin include lib
5.安装apache
1.初始化
[root@linux-128 apr-util-1.6.1]# cd /usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.29/
[root@linux-128 httpd-2.4.29]# ./configure \ //这里的反斜杠是脱义字符,加上它我们可以把一行命令写成多行
--prefix=/usr/local/apache2.4 \ //指定安装路径
--with-apr=/usr/local/apr \ //指定apr
--with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util \ //指定apr-util
--enable-so \ //支持动态模块 ;表示启用DSO,意思是把某些功能以模块的形式展现出来,一个功能模块就是一个.so文件,编译完会看到这些文件。
--enable-mods-shared=most //指定模块most;most绝大多数功能模块
这里出现一个错误:
configure: error: pcre-config for libpcre not found. PCRE is required and available from http://pcre.org/
可以用yum list来查找缺少那个包
[root@linux-128 httpd-2.4.29]# yum list |grep pcre
pcre.x86_64 8.32-15.el7_2.1 @anaconda
ghc-pcre-light.x86_64 0.4-13.el7 epel
ghc-pcre-light-devel.x86_64 0.4-13.el7 epel
mingw32-pcre.noarch 8.38-1.el7 epel
mingw32-pcre-static.noarch 8.38-1.el7 epel
mingw64-pcre.noarch 8.38-1.el7 epel
mingw64-pcre-static.noarch 8.38-1.el7 epel
pcre.i686 8.32-17.el7 base
pcre.x86_64 8.32-17.el7 base
pcre-devel.i686 8.32-17.el7 base
pcre-devel.x86_64 8.32-17.el7 base
pcre-static.i686 8.32-17.el7 base
pcre-static.x86_64 8.32-17.el7 base
pcre-tools.x86_64 8.32-17.el7 base
pcre2.i686 10.23-2.el7 base
pcre2.x86_64 10.23-2.el7 base
pcre2-devel.i686 10.23-2.el7 base
pcre2-devel.x86_64 10.23-2.el7 base
pcre2-static.i686 10.23-2.el7 base
pcre2-static.x86_64 10.23-2.el7 base
pcre2-tools.x86_64 10.23-2.el7 base
pcre2-utf16.i686 10.23-2.el7 base
pcre2-utf16.x86_64 10.23-2.el7 base
pcre2-utf32.i686 10.23-2.el7 base
pcre2-utf32.x86_64 10.23-2.el7 base
[root@linux-128 httpd-2.4.29]# yum install -y pcre-devel
2.然后重新编译参数
[root@linux-128 httpd-2.4.29]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2.4 --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util --enable-so --enable-mods-shared=most
[root@linux-128 httpd-2.4.29]# echo $?
0
3.编译make
[root@linux-128 httpd-2.4.29]# make
…
这里出现一个错误
原因是apr-util的版本问题,1.6太高,重新下载1.5版本,重新编译安装apr-util1.5
[root@linux-128 httpd-2.4.29]# wget http://archive.apache.org/dist/apr/apr-util-1.5.2.tar.gz
[root@linux-128 httpd-2.4.29]# tar -zxvf apr-util-1.5.2.tar.gz
[root@linux-128 httpd-2.4.29]# cd /usr/local/src/apr-util-1.5.2/
[root@linux-128 apr-util-1.5.2]# ./configure -prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr
[root@linux-128 apr-util-1.5.2]# make
[root@linux-128 apr-util-1.5.2]# make install
然后再重新编译apache
[root@linux-128 apr-util-1.5.2]# cd /usr/local/apache2.4/
[root@linux-128 apache2.4]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2.4 --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util --enable-so --enable-mods-shared=most
[root@linux-128 apache2.4]# make
[root@linux-128 apache2.4]# make install
[root@linux-128 apr-util-1.5.2]# cd /usr/local/apache2.4/
[root@linux-128 apache2.4]# ls
bin build cgi-bin conf error htdocs icons include logs man manual modules
这里介绍一个进程用到的目录
bin :可执行文件的目录
conf:配置文件的目录
htdocs:默认访问网站的目录
logs:日志文件的目录
modules:存放动态模块的目录;也就是.so文件,每一个模块就代表这一个功能
查看apache都加载了那些模块
[root@linux-128 apache2.4]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl -M
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using fe80::fdb8:14ca:d41b:3dc8. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
Loaded Modules: //这里不用管它
core_module (static) //static 表示静态模块
so_module (static)
http_module (static)
mpm_event_module (static)
authn_file_module (shared) //shared表示动态共享模块
authn_core_module (shared)
authz_host_module (shared)
authz_groupfile_module (shared)
authz_user_module (shared)
authz_core_module (shared)
access_compat_module (shared)
auth_basic_module (shared)
reqtimeout_module (shared)
filter_module (shared)
mime_module (shared)
log_config_module (shared)
env_module (shared)
headers_module (shared)
setenvif_module (shared)
version_module (shared)
unixd_module (shared)
status_module (shared)
autoindex_module (shared)
dir_module (shared)
alias_module (shared)
动态和静态模块的区别:静态模块直接和主程序(/usr/local/apache2.4/bin/httpd)绑定在一起,动态模块都是一个个独立存在的文件(moudles目录下面的.so文件)这些动态模块不会全部加载,如果想用哪个动态模块,直接在配置文件里面配置即可。