MySQL复制（Replication）工作原理：Slave端通过将Master端的binlog利用I/O线程通过网络复制到Slave端，然后再通过SQL线程解析Binlog中的日志并应用到数据库中来实现。

    公共配置：

安装完软件包后启动服务（2台都是一下操作）

[root@localhost mysql]# cat /root/.mysql_secret       查看默认的MYSQL密码
# The random password set for the root user at Sun Aug  2 18:40:27 20         15 (local time): huGTgnSX

[root@localhost mysql]# cd
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -hlocalhost -uroot -phuGTgnSX   登陆服务
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecu         re.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.6.15

Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights re         served.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input s         tatement.

mysql> set password for root@localhost=password("123");   修改服务的密码
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> quit
Bye

  1. 物理环境

    master  192.168.1.60

    slave     192.168.1.70

  2. master端的配置

    mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to slave70@"192.168.1.70" identified by "123";
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

    编辑master的主配置文件

    [root@fanxh ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

    [mysqld]
    log_bin=master     启动binlog日志
    server_id = 60         给master添加一个 编号
    datadir=/var/lib/mysql   
    socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
    user=mysql


      [root@localhost ~]# service mysql restart   主配置文件配置完成后从新启动服务

      Shutting down MySQL..                                      [确定]
      Starting MySQL.   

       [root@localhost ~]# mysql -hlocalhost -uroot -p123   从新登陆系统
      Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
      Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
      Your MySQL connection id is 1
      Server version: 5.6.15-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
 

       mysql> show master status;       查看master的状态
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File          | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| master.000001 |      120 |              |                  |                   |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)


3.slave配置

    [root@localhost ~]# mysql  -h192.168.1.60  -uslave70   -p123      首先测试授权的用户能不能登陆
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.6.15-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

      修改slave主配置 文件

     [root@fanxh ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

      [mysqld]
      log_bin=slave
      srever_id = 70
      datadir=/var/lib/mysql
      socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
      user=mysql

     [root@localhost ~]# service mysql restart     更改配置文件后要从新启动服务
 

      [root@localhost ~]# mysql -hlocalhost -uroot -p123        登陆mysql设置自己是那个服务器的slave
     Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
     Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
     Your MySQL connection id is 4
     Server version: 5.6.15 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

      mysql> show slave status;     查看slave的状态
        Empty set (0.02 sec)
    mysql> change master to     
    -> master_host="192.168.1.60",
    -> master_user="slave70",
    -> master_password="123",
    -> master_log_file="master.000001",     master_log_file的值在master用show master status 看到的值必须一致

    -> master_log_pos=120;  / master_log_pos的值在master用show master status 看到的值必须一致

     Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.12 sec)

4) 验证从服务器设置是否成功，登录从服务器
mysql〉show slave status\G;
     能看到 Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes 即可

  mysql> mysql> show slave status\G     查看状态
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State:
                  Master_Host: 192.168.1.60
                  Master_User: slave70
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: master.000003
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 120
               Relay_Log_File: localhost-relay-bin.000001
                Relay_Log_Pos: 4
        Relay_Master_Log_File: master.000003
             Slave_IO_Running: No         这个值和下面的值同时为YES才能同步数据
            Slave_SQL_Running: No       这个值为和上面的值同时为YES才能同步数据
              Replicate_Do_DB:
          Replicate_Ignore_DB:
           Replicate_Do_Table:
       Replicate_Ignore_Table:
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error:
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 120
              Relay_Log_Space: 120
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File:
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File:
           Master_SSL_CA_Path:
              Master_SSL_Cert:
            Master_SSL_Cipher:
               Master_SSL_Key:
        Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error:
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error:
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
             Master_Server_Id: 0
                  Master_UUID:
             Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State:
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                  Master_Bind:
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
               Master_SSL_Crl:
           Master_SSL_Crlpath:
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
            Executed_Gtid_Set:
                Auto_Position: 0
     1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> start slave;            启动执行命令
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 192.168.1.60
                  Master_User: slave70
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: master.000003
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 120
               Relay_Log_File: localhost-relay-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 280
        Relay_Master_Log_File: master.000003
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

 

mysql主从同步常见故障问题：

1）给master授权slave主机登陆权限，在登陆的时候出错 编辑master的配置文件在[mysqld]下面添加
     skip-name-resolve
2）在从服务器上面show slave status\G;出现1236错误排错办法：
    重启主库
    给从库重新授权
    执行以下命令
    slave stop;
    reset slave;
    slave start;