CAT具体的设计思想、实现原理在这我就不罗列了，本文主要是记录一下在使用CAT的过程中遇到的一些问题，比如分布式logview，Cache、DB埋点监控等，问题不多，但是比较典型。
我已经实现一个 CAT 监控相关的扩展实现，可供参考：
https://github.com/summerpotato/cat-monitor
（本文涉及的CAT版本为1.3.6）
1、分布式 logview 的日志树串联实现
目前使用过两种，一种是基于 dubbo 应用的 rpc 调用，一种是基于 http 请求的 rest 服务调用。首先说下 message tree 的实现，追踪跨服务的消息时，通过根消息 id 和父级消息 id 及子消息 id 三个属性进行消息串联，组成消息树。关键点在 tree 的三个 id 的获得和传递。
这里有两点，第一是 CAT 消息树生成原理：
我们需要实现 Cat 的 Context 上下文，然后通过 Cat.logRemoteCallClient(context) 生成包含节点数据的上下文对象（方法中通过创建消息树对象来获取各节点的消息 id，填充给上下文），当远程服务端接收到这个 context 时，使用 Cat.logRemoteCallServer(context) 方法，读取各节点消息 id，组建消息树。
第二是消息应如何传递：
dubbo 应用的 rpc 调用方式：调用过程要传递的 rpc 上下文，其中包含调用信息、参数以及状态信息等，可以把消息 id 信息放到 RpcContext 中，然后通过调用 Invocation 对象的 invoke 方法，将消息传递至服务端。最后，通过dubbo的 spi 拓展机制，实现 com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.Filter，用来获取 rpcContext 的内容。
rest 风格的 http 请求方式：调用时，在服务请求方把消息 id 信息放到 Http-Header 中，在服务提供方，用 filter 拦截，并获得 http-header 中的消息 id，这样通过埋点，串联起消息树。
废话不多说了，上码吧。
1).dubbo 调用方式部分实现（首先要清楚 dubbo 的 spi 相关配置，CAT监控的配置等）
public class DubboCatFilter implements Filter {
private static final ThreadLocal<Cat.Context> CAT_CONTEXT = new ThreadLocal<Cat.Context>();
@Override
public Result invoke(Invoker<?> invoker, Invocation invocation) throws RpcException {
URL url = invoker.getUrl();
String sideKey = url.getParameter(Constants.SIDE_KEY);
String loggerName = invoker.getInterface().getSimpleName() + "." + invocation.getMethodName();
String type = "PigeonCall";
if (Constants.PROVIDER_SIDE.equals(sideKey)) {
type = "PigeonService";
}
Transaction t = Cat.newTransaction(type, loggerName);
Result result = null;
try {
Cat.Context context = getContext();
if (Constants.CONSUMER_SIDE.equals(sideKey)) {
createConsumerCross(url, t);
Cat.logRemoteCallClient(context);
} else {
createProviderCross(url, t);
Cat.logRemoteCallServer(context);
}
setAttachment(context);
result = invoker.invoke(invocation);
if (result.hasException()) {
//给调用接口出现异常进行打点
Throwable throwable = result.getException();
Event event = null;
if (RpcException.class == throwable.getClass()) {
Throwable caseBy = throwable.getCause();
if (caseBy != null && caseBy.getClass() == TimeoutException.class) {
event = Cat.newEvent("DUBBO_TIMEOUT_ERROR", loggerName);
} else {
event = Cat.newEvent("DUBBO_REMOTING_ERROR", loggerName);
}
} else if (RemotingException.class.isAssignableFrom(throwable.getClass())) {
event = Cat.newEvent("DUBBO_REMOTING_ERROR", loggerName);
}else{
event = Cat.newEvent("DUBBO_BIZ_ERROR", loggerName);
}
event.setStatus(result.getException());
completeEvent(event);
t.addChild(event);
t.setStatus(result.getException().getClass().getSimpleName());
} else {
t.setStatus(Message.SUCCESS);
}
return result;
} catch (RuntimeException e) {
Event event = null;
if (RpcException.class == e.getClass()) {
Throwable caseBy = e.getCause();
if (caseBy !=null && caseBy.getClass() == TimeoutException.class) {
event = Cat.newEvent("DUBBO_TIMEOUT_ERROR", loggerName);
} else {
event = Cat.newEvent("DUBBO_REMOTING_ERROR", loggerName);
}
} else {
event = Cat.newEvent("DUBBO_BIZ_ERROR", loggerName);
}
event.setStatus(e);
completeEvent(event);
t.addChild(event);
t.setStatus(e.getClass().getSimpleName());
if (result == null) {
throw e;
} else {
return result;
}
} finally {
t.complete();
CAT_CONTEXT.remove();
}
}
static class DubboCatContext implements Cat.Context {
private Map<String,String> properties = new HashMap<String, String>();
@Override
public void addProperty(String key, String value) {
properties.put(key,value);
}
@Override
public String getProperty(String key) {
return properties.get(key);
}
}
private void setAttachment(Cat.Context context) {
RpcContext.getContext().setAttachment(Cat.Context.ROOT,context.getProperty(Cat.Context.ROOT));
RpcContext.getContext().setAttachment(Cat.Context.CHILD,context.getProperty(Cat.Context.CHILD));
RpcContext.getContext().setAttachment(Cat.Context.PARENT,context.getProperty(Cat.Context.PARENT));
}
private Cat.Context getContext(){
Cat.Context context = CAT_CONTEXT.get();
if (context==null) {
context = initContext();
CAT_CONTEXT.set(context);
}
return context;
}
private Cat.Context initContext() {
Cat.Context context = new DubboCatContext();
Map<String,String> attachments = RpcContext.getContext().getAttachments();
if (attachments!=null&&attachments.size()>0) {
for (Map.Entry<String,String> entry:attachments.entrySet()) {
if (Cat.Context.CHILD.equals(entry.getKey()) || Cat.Context.ROOT.equals(entry.getKey()) || Cat.Context.PARENT.equals(entry.getKey())) {
context.addProperty(entry.getKey(),entry.getValue());
}
}
}
return context;
}
private void createConsumerCross(URL url, Transaction t) {
Event crossAppEvent = Cat.newEvent("PigeonCall.app", getProviderAppName(url));
Event crossServerEvent = Cat.newEvent("PigeonCall.server", url.getHost());
Event crossPortEvent = Cat.newEvent("PigeonCall.port", url.getPort() + "");
crossAppEvent.setStatus(Event.SUCCESS);
crossServerEvent.setStatus(Event.SUCCESS);
crossPortEvent.setStatus(Event.SUCCESS);
completeEvent(crossAppEvent);
completeEvent(crossPortEvent);
completeEvent(crossServerEvent);
t.addChild(crossAppEvent);
t.addChild(crossPortEvent);
t.addChild(crossServerEvent);
}
private void createProviderCross(URL url, Transaction t) {
String consumerAppName = RpcContext.getContext().getAttachment(Constants.APPLICATION_KEY);
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(consumerAppName)) {
consumerAppName = RpcContext.getContext().getRemoteHost() + ":" + RpcContext.getContext().getRemotePort();
}
Event crossAppEvent = Cat.newEvent("PigeonService.app", consumerAppName);
Event crossServerEvent = Cat.newEvent("PigeonService.client", url.getHost());
crossAppEvent.setStatus(Event.SUCCESS);
crossServerEvent.setStatus(Event.SUCCESS);
completeEvent(crossAppEvent);
completeEvent(crossServerEvent);
t.addChild(crossAppEvent);
t.addChild(crossServerEvent);
}
private void completeEvent(Event event) {
AbstractMessage message = (AbstractMessage) event;
message.setCompleted(true);
}
}2).http-restful 调用方式部分实现
CatHttpClientProxy.java
public void requestByGet(String url) {
Transaction t = Cat.newTransaction("PigeonCall", "method000");
//创建默认的httpClient实例
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
.setConnectTimeout(5000).setConnectionRequestTimeout(1000)
.setSocketTimeout(5000).build();
try {
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig);
//串联埋点
Cat.Context context = new CatHttpContext();
this.createConsumerCross(url, t);
Cat.logRemoteCallClient(context);
httpGet.setHeader(Cat.Context.ROOT, context.getProperty(Cat.Context.ROOT));
httpGet.setHeader(Cat.Context.PARENT, context.getProperty(Cat.Context.PARENT));
httpGet.setHeader(Cat.Context.CHILD, context.getProperty(Cat.Context.CHILD));
System.out.println("执行get请求:...." + httpGet.getURI());
CloseableHttpResponse httpResponse = null;
//发送get请求
httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpGet);//请求返回的Resp，含http的header和执行结果实体Entity
try {
//response实体
HttpEntity entity = httpResponse.getEntity();//不包含header
if (null != entity) {
System.out.println("响应状态码:"+ httpResponse.getStatusLine());
System.out.println("-------------------------------------------------");
System.out.println("响应内容:" + EntityUtils.toString(entity));
}
} finally {
httpResponse.close();
}
t.setStatus(Transaction.SUCCESS);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
t.setStatus(e.getClass().getSimpleName());
} finally {
t.complete();
try {
closeHttpClient(httpClient);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
private void createConsumerCross(String url, Transaction t){
Event crossAppEvent = Cat.newEvent("PigeonCall.app", "serverName");
Event crossServerEvent = Cat.newEvent("PigeonCall.server", "serverIp");
Event crossPortEvent = Cat.newEvent("PigeonCall.port", "serverPort");
crossAppEvent.setStatus(Event.SUCCESS);
crossServerEvent.setStatus(Event.SUCCESS);
crossPortEvent.setStatus(Event.SUCCESS);
completeEvent(crossAppEvent);
completeEvent(crossPortEvent);
completeEvent(crossServerEvent);
t.addChild(crossAppEvent);
t.addChild(crossPortEvent);
t.addChild(crossServerEvent);
}
private void completeEvent(Event event){
AbstractMessage message = (AbstractMessage) event;
message.setCompleted(true);
}
private void closeHttpClient(CloseableHttpClient client) throws IOException{
if (client != null) {
client.close();
}
}2、CAT对 redis 缓存进行详细监控
CAT源码内部对于缓存的识别存在一个 convention 约定，是基于匹配 “Cache.” 字符串的，并且通过判断字符串 “Cache.memcached” 来支持 memcached 监控，可是没有对 redis 做显示支持，需要修改源码，增加判断字符串 “Cache.redis”;
1).修改类：cat-home - com.dianping.cat.report.page.statistics.task.utilization.TransactionReportVisitor.java
增加对 redis 的判断支持：
private static final String REDIS = "Cache.redis";
public TransactionReportVisitor() {
m_types.add("URL");
m_types.add("Service");
m_types.add("PigeonService");
m_types.add("Call");
m_types.add("PigeonCall");
m_types.add("SQL");
m_types.add(MEMCACHED);
m_types.add(REDIS);
}
@Override
public void visitType(TransactionType type) {
String typeName = type.getId();
Domain domain = m_report.findOrCreateDomain(m_domain);
if ("Service".equals(typeName)) {
typeName = "PigeonService";
} else if ("Call".equals(typeName)) {
typeName = "PigeonCall";
} else if (typeName.startsWith(MEMCACHED)) {
typeName = MEMCACHED;
} else if (typeName.startsWith(REDIS)){
typeName = REDIS;
}
......
}
2).修改类：cat-core - com.dianping.cat.config.server.ServerConfigManager.java
增加对 redis 的判断支持：
public boolean isCacheTransaction(String type) {
return StringUtils.isNotEmpty(type) && (type.startsWith("Cache.memcached") || type.startsWith("Cache.redis"));
}
3).修改类：cat-consumer - com.dianping.cat.consumer.storage.StorageAnalyzer.java
增加对redis的判断支持：
private void processCacheTransaction(MessageTree tree, Transaction t) {
String cachePrefix = "Cache.";
String ip = "Default";
String domain = tree.getDomain();
String cacheType = t.getType().substring(cachePrefix.length());
String name = t.getName();
String method = name.substring(name.lastIndexOf(":") + 1);
List<Message> messages = t.getChildren();
for (Message message : messages) {
if (message instanceof Event) {
String type = message.getType();
if (type.equals("Cache.memcached.server") || type.equals("Cache.redis.server")) {
ip = message.getName();
int index = ip.indexOf(":");
if (index > -1) {
ip = ip.substring(0, index);
}
}
}
}
......
}
3、CAT 对 DB 数据库进行详细监控
如果你的 orm 框架使用的 mybatis，可以考虑通过实现拦截器 Interceptor 来对DB进行底层监控，CAT对数据库的埋点也存在 convention，这里代码中存在 hard code。具体埋点如下：
MappedStatement mappedStatement = (MappedStatement) invocation.getArgs()[0];
//得到类名，方法
String[] strArr = mappedStatement.getId().split("\\.");
String methodName = strArr[strArr.length - 2] + "." + strArr[strArr.length - 1];
Transaction t = Cat.newTransaction("SQL", "methodName");
//获取SQL类型
SqlCommandType sqlCommandType = mappedStatement.getSqlCommandType();
Cat.logEvent("SQL.Method", sqlCommandType.name().toLowerCase());
String JDBC_CONNECTION = "jdbc:mysql://unknown:3306/%s?useUnicode=true";
Cat.logEvent("SQL.Database", String.format(JDBC_CONNECTION, serverIp, dbName));spring配置如下：
<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis.xml"/>
<!-- 插件配置 -->
<property name="plugins">
<array>
<bean class="com.kubbo.java.common.cat.CatMybatisPlugin"></bean>
</array>
</property>
</bean>以上仅罗列了每个问题的一种实现方案，只是给正在研究CAT的同学一个参考思路，个人研究CAT也是刚开始，所说之处不免存在一些纰漏，欢迎指正和交流。
欢迎转载，但请务必注明来源！
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