设计模式学习-对象模板模式

对象模板模式其实就是面向对象编程。

假设我们要管理一个产品，需要有产品的名称，产品描述，单价，和库存个数。其次需要两个方法，一个用于计算每件产品的税费是多少，另一个计算剩余库存的总价格

首先创建一个命令行程序。在main.swift文件里初始化下面代码

var products = [
    ("kayak","A boat for one person",275.0,10),
    ("LifeJacket","Protective and fashionable",48.95,14),
    ("Soccer Ball","FIFA-aoorived suze abd weight",19.5,32)
]


func caculateTax(product:(String,String,Double,Int)) -> Double{
    return product.2*0.2
}

func caculateStockValue(tuples:[(String,String,Double,Int)]) -> Double{
    return tuples.reduce(0, { (total, product) -> Double in
        return total + (product.2 * Double(product.3))
    })
}

print("Sales tax for kayak:$\(caculateTax(product: products[0]))")

print("Total value of stock:$\(caculateStockValue(tuples: products))")
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上面代码简单实现了需求，但是可以看到使用元组实现该需求带来的一些问题，如果给产品增加一个属性，那么连带修改的地方有很多。而且不易于理解元组中每一个元素代表什么

下面我们使用对象模板模式修改上面代码,新建Product.swift文件

class Product {
    var name:String
    var description:String
    var price:Double
    var stock:Int
    
    init(name:String,description:String,price:Double,stock:Int) {
        self.name = name
        self.description = description
        self.price = price
        self.stock = stock
    }
}
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修改main.swift

var products = [
    Product(name: "kayak", description: "A boat for one person", price: 275.0, stock: 10),
    Product(name: "LifeJacket", description: "Protective and fashionable", price: 48.95, stock: 14),
    Product(name: "Soccer Ball", description: "FIFA-aoorived suze abd weight", price: 19.5, stock: 32)
]


func caculateTax(product:Product) -> Double {
    return product.price * 0.2
}

func caculateStockValue(tuples:[Product]) -> Double{
    return tuples.reduce(0, { (total, product) -> Double in
        return total + (product.price * Double(product.stock))
    })
}

print("Sales tax for kayak:$\(caculateTax(product: products[0]))")

print("Total value of stock:$\(caculateStockValue(tuples: products))")
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上面修改完成之后，其实已经可以看到的是代码的阅读性明显提高，一看就知道每一个参数代表什么。此时如果我们去除某一个产品属性，比如描述description属性，也不需要修改调用者的逻辑。

下面为最终修改

class Product {
    var name:String
    var price:Double
    
    private var stockBackingValue:Int = 0
    
    var stock:Int{
        get{
            return stockBackingValue
        }
        set{
            stockBackingValue = max(0, newValue)
        }
    }
    
    var stockValue:Double{
        get{
            return price * Double(stock)
        }
    }

    init(name:String,price:Double,stock:Int) {
        self.name = name
        self.price = price
        self.stock = stock
    }
    
    func calculateTax(rate:Double) -> Double {
        return price * rate
    }
    
    
}

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main.swift 的修改

var products = [
    Product(name: "kayak", price: 275.0, stock: 10),
    Product(name: "LifeJacket", price: 48.95, stock: 14),
    Product(name: "Soccer Ball", price: 19.5, stock: 32)
]


func caculateStockValue(tuples:[Product]) -> Double{
    return tuples.reduce(0, { (total, product) -> Double in
        return total + (product.price * Double(product.stockValue))
    })
}

print("Sales tax for kayak:$\(products[0].calculateTax(rate: 0.2))")

print("Total value of stock:$\(caculateStockValue(tuples: products))")

products[0].stock = -50

print("Stock level for kayak :\(products[0].stock)")

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对象模板的好处和注意点：

• 解耦
• 封装使数据和操作这些值的逻辑能够再一个单一组件中，提高代码的可读性
• 要避免选错模板类型（类和结构体），结构体为值类型，类为引用类型，选择时应注意其区别

示例代码在这里github.com/RockyAo/Des…