11.使用 package.json

转自：http://www.runoob.com/nodejs/nodejs-express-framework.html

package.json 位于模块的目录下，用于定义包的属性。接下来让我们来看下 express 包的 package.json 文件，位于 node_modules/express/package.json 内容：

{
  "name": "express", "description": "Fast, unopinionated, minimalist web framework", "version": "4.13.3", "author": { "name": "TJ Holowaychuk", "email": "tj@vision-media.ca" }, "contributors": [ { "name": "Aaron Heckmann", "email": "aaron.heckmann+github@gmail.com" }, { "name": "Ciaran Jessup", "email": "ciaranj@gmail.com" }, { "name": "Douglas Christopher Wilson", "email": "doug@somethingdoug.com" }, { "name": "Guillermo Rauch", "email": "rauchg@gmail.com" }, { "name": "Jonathan Ong", "email": "me@jongleberry.com" }, { "name": "Roman Shtylman", "email": "shtylman+expressjs@gmail.com" }, { "name": "Young Jae Sim", "email": "hanul@hanul.me" } ], "license": "MIT", "repository": { "type": "git", "url": "git+https://github.com/strongloop/express.git" }, "homepage": "http://expressjs.com/", "keywords": [ "express", "framework", "sinatra", "web", "rest", "restful", "router", "app", "api" ], "dependencies": { "accepts": "~1.2.12", "array-flatten": "1.1.1", "content-disposition": "0.5.0", "content-type": "~1.0.1", "cookie": "0.1.3", "cookie-signature": "1.0.6", "debug": "~2.2.0", "depd": "~1.0.1", "escape-html": "1.0.2", "etag": "~1.7.0", "finalhandler": "0.4.0", "fresh": "0.3.0", "merge-descriptors": "1.0.0", "methods": "~1.1.1", "on-finished": "~2.3.0", "parseurl": "~1.3.0", "path-to-regexp": "0.1.7", "proxy-addr": "~1.0.8", "qs": "4.0.0", "range-parser": "~1.0.2", "send": "0.13.0", "serve-static": "~1.10.0", "type-is": "~1.6.6", "utils-merge": "1.0.0", "vary": "~1.0.1" }, "devDependencies": { "after": "0.8.1", "ejs": "2.3.3", "istanbul": "0.3.17", "marked": "0.3.5", "mocha": "2.2.5", "should": "7.0.2", "supertest": "1.0.1", "body-parser": "~1.13.3", "connect-redis": "~2.4.1", "cookie-parser": "~1.3.5", "cookie-session": "~1.2.0", "express-session": "~1.11.3", "jade": "~1.11.0", "method-override": "~2.3.5", "morgan": "~1.6.1", "multiparty": "~4.1.2", "vhost": "~3.0.1" }, "engines": { "node": ">= 0.10.0" }, "files": [ "LICENSE", "History.md", "Readme.md", "index.js", "lib/" ], "scripts": { "test": "mocha --require test/support/env --reporter spec --bail --check-leaks test/ test/acceptance/", "test-ci": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha --report lcovonly -- --require test/support/env --reporter spec --check-leaks test/ test/acceptance/", "test-cov": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha -- --require test/support/env --reporter dot --check-leaks test/ test/acceptance/", "test-tap": "mocha --require test/support/env --reporter tap --check-leaks test/ test/acceptance/" }, "gitHead": "ef7ad681b245fba023843ce94f6bcb8e275bbb8e", "bugs": { "url": "https://github.com/strongloop/express/issues" }, "_id": "express@4.13.3", "_shasum": "ddb2f1fb4502bf33598d2b032b037960ca6c80a3", "_from": "express@*", "_npmVersion": "1.4.28", "_npmUser": { "name": "dougwilson", "email": "doug@somethingdoug.com" }, "maintainers": [ { "name": "tjholowaychuk", "email": "tj@vision-media.ca" }, { "name": "jongleberry", "email": "jonathanrichardong@gmail.com" }, { "name": "dougwilson", "email": "doug@somethingdoug.com" }, { "name": "rfeng", "email": "enjoyjava@gmail.com" }, { "name": "aredridel", "email": "aredridel@dinhe.net" }, { "name": "strongloop", "email": "callback@strongloop.com" }, { "name": "defunctzombie", "email": "shtylman@gmail.com" } ], "dist": { "shasum": "ddb2f1fb4502bf33598d2b032b037960ca6c80a3", "tarball": "http://registry.npmjs.org/express/-/express-4.13.3.tgz" }, "directories": {}, "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/express/-/express-4.13.3.tgz", "readme": "ERROR: No README data found!" }

Package.json 属性说明

• name - 包名。

• version - 包的版本号。

• description - 包的描述。

• homepage - 包的官网 url 。

• author - 包的作者姓名。

• contributors - 包的其他贡献者姓名。

• dependencies - 依赖包列表。如果依赖包没有安装，npm 会自动将依赖包安装在 node_module 目录下。

• repository - 包代码存放的地方的类型，可以是 git 或 svn，git 可在 Github 上。

• main - main 字段指定了程序的主入口文件，require('moduleName') 就会加载这个文件。这个字段的默认值是模块根目录下面的 index.js。

• keywords - 关键字