JDBC批量Insert深度优化(没事务)

JDBC批量Insert深度优化(没事务)
 
最近在做一个数据同步分发工具,高并发,高效率,异步非实时是主要特点。
为此,选择的方案是JDBC、只有两种操作,插入和更新。
 
对于更新,只能逐条分批就可以了,优化空间不大。
对于插入,则可以做批量的优化,优化的策略只能是具体问题具体分析,以测试结论为主要依据了。
 
环境:
MySQL 5.1
RedHat Linux AS 5
JavaSE 1.5
DbConnectionBroker 微型数据库连接池
 
测试的方案:
执行10万次Insert语句,使用不同方式。
 
A组:静态SQL,自动提交,没事务控制(MyISAM引擎)
1、逐条执行10万次
2、分批执行将10万分成m批,每批n条,分多种分批方案来执行。
 
B组:预编译模式SQL,自动提交,没事务控制(MyISAM引擎)
1、逐条执行10万次
2、分批执行将10万分成m批,每批n条,分多种分批方案来执行。
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C组:静态SQL,不自动提交,有事务控制(InnoDB引擎)
1、逐条执行10万次
2、分批执行将10万分成m批,每批n条,分多种分批方案来执行。
 
D组:预编译模式SQL,不自动提交,有事务控制(InnoDB引擎)
1、逐条执行10万次
2、分批执行将10万分成m批,每批n条,分多种分批方案来执行。
 
本次主要测试A、B组,并得出测试结果。
 
SQL代码
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS tuser;

CREATE TABLE tuser (
    id bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
     name varchar(12) DEFAULT NULL,
    remark varchar(24) DEFAULT NULL,
    createtime datetime DEFAULT NULL,
    updatetime datetime DEFAULT NULL,
     PRIMARY KEY (id)
) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
 
 
下面是A、B组的测试代码:
package testbatch;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.*;

/**
* JDBC批量Insert优化(上)
*
* @author leizhimin 2009-7-29 10:03:10
*/

public class TestBatch {
         public static DbConnectionBroker myBroker = null;

         static {
                 try {
                        myBroker = new DbConnectionBroker( "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver",
                                         "jdbc:mysql://192.168.104.163:3306/testdb",
                                        "vcom", "vcom", 2, 4,
                                        "c:\\testdb.log", 0.01);
                } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                }
        }

        /**
         * 初始化测试环境
         *
         * @throws SQLException 异常时抛出
         */

        public static void init() throws SQLException {
                Connection conn = myBroker.getConnection();
                Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
                stmt.addBatch("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS tuser");
                stmt.addBatch("CREATE TABLE tuser (\n" +
                                "    id bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,\n" +
                                "    name varchar(12) DEFAULT NULL,\n" +
                                "    remark varchar(24) DEFAULT NULL,\n" +
                                "    createtime datetime DEFAULT NULL,\n" +
                                "    updatetime datetime DEFAULT NULL,\n" +
                                "    PRIMARY KEY (id)\n" +
                                ") ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8");
                stmt.executeBatch();
                myBroker.freeConnection(conn);
        }

        /**
         * 100000条静态SQL插入
         *
         * @throws Exception 异常时抛出
         */

        public static void testInsert() throws Exception {
                init();         //初始化环境
                Long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
                for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
                        String sql = "\n" +
                                        "insert into testdb.tuser \n" +
                                        "\t(name, \n" +
                                        "\tremark, \n" +
                                        "\tcreatetime, \n" +
                                        "\tupdatetime\n" +
                                        "\t)\n" +
                                        "\tvalues\n" +
                                        "\t('" + RandomToolkit.generateString(12) + "', \n" +
                                        "\t'" + RandomToolkit.generateString(24) + "', \n" +
                                        "\tnow(), \n" +
                                        "\tnow()\n" +
                                        ")";
                        Connection conn = myBroker.getConnection();
                        Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
                        stmt.execute(sql);
                        myBroker.freeConnection(conn);
                }
                Long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
                System.out.println("单条执行100000条Insert操作,共耗时:" + (end - start) / 1000f + "秒!");
        }

        /**
         * 批处理执行静态SQL测试
         *
         * @param m 批次
         * @param n 每批数量
         * @throws Exception 异常时抛出
         */

        public static void testInsertBatch(int m, int n) throws Exception {
                init();             //初始化环境
                Long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
                for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
                        //从池中获取连接
                        Connection conn = myBroker.getConnection();
                        Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
                        for (int k = 0; k < n; k++) {
                                String sql = "\n" +
                                                "insert into testdb.tuser \n" +
                                                "\t(name, \n" +
                                                "\tremark, \n" +
                                                "\tcreatetime, \n" +
                                                "\tupdatetime\n" +
                                                "\t)\n" +
                                                "\tvalues\n" +
                                                "\t('" + RandomToolkit.generateString(12) + "', \n" +
                                                "\t'" + RandomToolkit.generateString(24) + "', \n" +
                                                "\tnow(), \n" +
                                                "\tnow()\n" +
                                                ")";
                                //加入批处理
                                stmt.addBatch(sql);
                        }
                        stmt.executeBatch();    //执行批处理
//                        stmt.clearBatch();        //清理批处理
                        stmt.close();
                        myBroker.freeConnection(conn); //连接归池
                }
                Long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
                System.out.println("批量执行" + m + "*" + n + "=" + m * n + "条Insert操作,共耗时:" + (end - start) / 1000f + "秒!");
        }

        /**
         * 100000条预定义SQL插入
         *
         * @throws Exception 异常时抛出
         */

        public static void testInsert2() throws Exception {     //单条执行100000条Insert操作,共耗时:40.422秒!
                init();         //初始化环境
                Long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
                String sql = "" +
                                "insert into testdb.tuser\n" +
                                "    (name, remark, createtime, updatetime)\n" +
                                "values\n" +
                                "    (?, ?, ?, ?)";
                for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
                        Connection conn = myBroker.getConnection();
                        PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
                        pstmt.setString(1, RandomToolkit.generateString(12));
                        pstmt.setString(2, RandomToolkit.generateString(24));
                        pstmt.setDate(3, new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()));
                        pstmt.setDate(4, new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()));
                        pstmt.executeUpdate();
                        pstmt.close();
                        myBroker.freeConnection(conn);
                }
                Long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
                System.out.println("单条执行100000条Insert操作,共耗时:" + (end - start) / 1000f + "秒!");
        }

        /**
         * 批处理执行预处理SQL测试
         *
         * @param m 批次
         * @param n 每批数量
         * @throws Exception 异常时抛出
         */

        public static void testInsertBatch2(int m, int n) throws Exception {
                init();             //初始化环境
                Long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
                String sql = "" +
                                "insert into testdb.tuser\n" +
                                "    (name, remark, createtime, updatetime)\n" +
                                "values\n" +
                                "    (?, ?, ?, ?)";
                for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
                        //从池中获取连接
                        Connection conn = myBroker.getConnection();
                        PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
                        for (int k = 0; k < n; k++) {
                                pstmt.setString(1, RandomToolkit.generateString(12));
                                pstmt.setString(2, RandomToolkit.generateString(24));
                                pstmt.setDate(3, new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()));
                                pstmt.setDate(4, new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()));
                                //加入批处理
                                pstmt.addBatch();
                        }
                        pstmt.executeBatch();    //执行批处理
//                        pstmt.clearBatch();        //清理批处理
                        pstmt.close();
                        myBroker.freeConnection(conn); //连接归池
                }
                Long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
                System.out.println("批量执行" + m + "*" + n + "=" + m * n + "条Insert操作,共耗时:" + (end - start) / 1000f + "秒!");
        }

        public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
                init();
                Long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
                System.out.println("--------A组测试----------");
                testInsert();
                testInsertBatch(100, 1000);
                testInsertBatch(250, 400);
                testInsertBatch(400, 250);
                testInsertBatch(500, 200);
                testInsertBatch(1000, 100);
                testInsertBatch(2000, 50);
                testInsertBatch(2500, 40);
                testInsertBatch(5000, 20);
                Long end1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
                System.out.println("B组测试过程结束,全部测试耗时:" + (end1 - start) / 1000f + "秒!");

                System.out.println("--------B组测试----------");
                testInsert2();
                testInsertBatch2(100, 1000);
                testInsertBatch2(250, 400);
                testInsertBatch2(400, 250);
                testInsertBatch2(500, 200);
                testInsertBatch2(1000, 100);
                testInsertBatch2(2000, 50);
                testInsertBatch2(2500, 40);
                testInsertBatch2(5000, 20);

                Long end2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
                System.out.println("B组测试过程结束,全部测试耗时:" + (end2 - end1) / 1000f + "秒!");
        }
}
 
运行结果:
--------A组测试----------
单条执行100000条Insert操作,共耗时:36.766秒!
批量执行100*1000=100000条Insert操作,共耗时:33.625秒!
批量执行250*400=100000条Insert操作,共耗时:35.063秒!
批量执行400*250=100000条Insert操作,共耗时:35.296秒!
批量执行500*200=100000条Insert操作,共耗时:37.016秒!
批量执行1000*100=100000条Insert操作,共耗时:35.953秒!
批量执行2000*50=100000条Insert操作,共耗时:36.265秒!
批量执行2500*40=100000条Insert操作,共耗时:36.625秒!
批量执行5000*20=100000条Insert操作,共耗时:37.234秒!
B组测试过程结束,全部测试耗时:323.906秒!
--------B组测试----------
单条执行100000条Insert操作,共耗时:44.188秒!
批量执行100*1000=100000条Insert操作,共耗时:34.235秒!
批量执行250*400=100000条Insert操作,共耗时:34.328秒!
批量执行400*250=100000条Insert操作,共耗时:34.032秒!
批量执行500*200=100000条Insert操作,共耗时:33.625秒!
批量执行1000*100=100000条Insert操作,共耗时:34.125秒!
批量执行2000*50=100000条Insert操作,共耗时:33.797秒!
批量执行2500*40=100000条Insert操作,共耗时:35.359秒!
批量执行5000*20=100000条Insert操作,共耗时:36.218秒!
B组测试过程结束,全部测试耗时:320.0秒!
 
 
上面的测试结果似乎在意料之外,看来是用连接池技术,各种执行方式性能差异不是很大。细心观察测试结果,可以得出一些结论。
结论:
 
以下结论以测试的环境和组别为前提:
 
数据库连接池控制下,单线程,自动提交,没事务控制(MyISAM引擎)
 
1、预定义SQL并没有想象中的那么高效,因为两组测试结果相差3秒,最短执行时间均为33.625秒!单项测试结果各有胜出。
 
2、批量执行时,分批的大小对效率影响也很大,静态SQL以200-1000条分批执行为宜。预处理SQL以50-400条为宜。
 
3、通过结果看,预处理SQL效率稍稍胜出,因此批量执行时候优先选择预定义SQL,预定义SQL还有个好处就是消耗的内存较少。静态SQL串会占用大量的内存资源,容易导致内存溢出的问题。
 
4、在批处理执行的时候,每批执行完成后,最好显式的调用pstmt.close()或stmt.close()方法,以便尽快释放执行过的SQL语句,提高内存利用率。
 
5、谈到优化方式,上面的批处理就是很好的优化策略。
 
6、数据库连接池可以大大提高效率,如果没有连接池管理,效率会大大降低,但不管怎么连接,上面的优化策略都是有效的。
 
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