Python学习笔记——day1

#Python day1

标签: python


[TOC]
##1.Hellow World程序
###1)Hellow World
在linux里创建一个叫hellow.py的文件。

文件内容:

#!/usr/bin/env python
print("Hellow World!")

在linux中需要指定解释器#!/usr/bin/env python
意思是到整个linux系统中找名为python的环境变量。

给予文件执行权限,使用./hellow.py执行文件。

输出结果:

Hellow World!

Python常用转义符:

转义字符具体描述
\n换行
\r回车
\v纵向制表符
\t横向制表符
\""
\\\
\(在行尾时)续行符
\a响铃
\b退格(Backspace)
\000

<br />
<br />


<br />
<br />

##2.变量
###1)什么是变量?

变量用于存储在计算机程序中引用和操作的信息。它们还提供了一种用描述性名称标记数据的方法,这样我们的程序就能更清晰地被读者和我们自己理解。将变量看作保存信息的容器是很有帮助的。它们的唯一目的是在内存中标记和存储数据。然后可以在整个程序中使用这些数据。

###变量定义的规则:

  • 变量定义的规则
    • 变量名只能是字母、数字或下划线的任意组合
    • 变量名的第一个字符不能是数字
    • 写的变量名要有含义,否则自己和别人都看不懂
    • 变量名最好不要是中文或拼音,多个单词用下划线分隔
    • 以下关键字不能声明为变量名
      ['and', 'as', 'assert', 'break', 'class', 'continue', 'def', 'del', 'elif', 'else', 'except', 'exec', 'finally', 'for', 'from', 'global', 'if', 'import', 'in', 'is', 'lambda', 'not', 'or', 'pass', 'print', 'raise', 'return', 'try', 'while', 'with', 'yield']

###什么是常量?

常量:定义后,不会变的量,比如π是3.14...

python定义常量,变量名要大写比如:PIE = "em"

<br />

###2)变量的赋值:

name = "byh"
name2 = name

print(name,"-----",name2)

name = "em"
print(name,"-----",name2)

print:输出字符

<br/>

输出结果:


byh ----- byh
em ----- byh

Process finished with exit code 0


>###为什么第二个name2输出的是 byh,而不是em呢?
* 因为:
    - name2只是通过name找到byh的,name2≠name
    - name = em只是从新定义了name,name2还是通过第一个name变量找到byh

<br/>
###注释:

当行注释|“#”标识当行
---------|---------------
多行注释|''' 或 """  都表示多行注释

###3)三元运算

a = 1
b = 5
c = 9

d = a if a > b else c
print(d)

d = a if a < b else c
print(d)


输出结果:

9 #如果a > b条件不成立,结果就是c的值
1 #如果a < b条件成立,结果就是a的值


<br>
<br>

---

<br>
<br>

##3.用户输入
###1)简单用户输入

username = input("username:")
password = input("password:")

print("Hellow",username)


>输入密码时,如果要密码不可见,需要使用`getpass`模块中的getpass方法:

import getpass

username = input("username:")
password = getpass.getpass("password:")

print("Hellow",username)

<br />

###2)用户输入,输出调用变量

>方法一:

name = input("name:")
age = int(input("age:"))
print(type(age))
job = input("job:")
salary = int(input("salary:"))
print(type(salary))

info = '''
-------- info of %s--------
Name:%s
Age:%d
Job:%s
Salary:%d
''' %(name,name,age,job,salary)

print(info)


%s|代表string字符串
---|---
%d|代表整数
%f|代表有小数点的数
int()|强制转换类型为integer
str()|强制转换类型为string
print(type(salary))|输出字符串类型

>输出结果:

name:em
age:19
<class 'int'>
job:IT
salary:1234567
<class 'int'>

-------- info of em--------
Name:em
Age:19
Job:IT
Salary:1234567

Process finished with exit code 0

<br/>
>方法二:

#Author:byh
name = input("name:")
age = int(input("age:"))
print(type(age))
job = input("job:")
salary = int(input("salary:"))
print(type(salary))

info = '''
-------- info of {_name}--------
Name:{_name}
Age:{_age}
Job:{_job}
Salary:{_salary}
''' .format(_name=name,
_age=age,
_job=job,
_salary=salary)

print(info)


>输出结果:

name:em
age:19
<class 'int'>
job:IT
salary:1234567
<class 'int'>

-------- info of em--------
Name:em
Age:19
Job:IT
Salary:1234567

Process finished with exit code 0


<br/>

>方法三:

#Author:byh
name = input("name:")
age = int(input("age:"))
print(type(age))
job = input("job:")
salary = int(input("salary:"))
print(type(salary))

info = '''
-------- info of {0}--------
Name:{0}
Age:{1}
Job:{2}
Salary:{0}
''' .format(name,name,age,job,salary)

print(info)


>输出结果:

name:em
age:19
<class 'int'>
job:IT
salary:1234567
<class 'int'>

-------- info of em--------
Name:em
Age:em
Job:19
Salary:em

Process finished with exit code 0


<br/>
<br/>

---

<br/>
<br/>

##4.表达式if ... else
###场景一 : 用户登陆验证

_username = "byh"
_password = "123"
username = input("username:")
password = input("password:")

if _username == username and _password == password:
print("Welcome user {name} login...".format(name=_username))
else:
print("Invaild username or password!")

elif|如果这个条件不成立,那么下个条件是否成立呢
---|---

>输出结果:

#验证成功输出
username:byh
password:123
Welcome user byh login...

#验证失败输出
username:em
password:123
Invalid username or password!

###场景二 : 猜年龄游戏

_myage = 22
myage = int(input("myage:"))

if myage == _myage:
print("yes, it is")
elif myage > _myage:
print("should be smaller..")
else:
print("should be more big..")


>输出结果

myage:17
should be more big..

myage:23
should be smaller..

myage:22
yes, it is

<br/>
<br/>

---

<br/>
<br/>

##5.while循环
###1)简单while循环

count = 0
while True:
print("count:",count)
count +=1
if count == 1000:
break

>当这个条件成立时:True(永远为真),如果没有定义 `break`条件结束循环,则会一会循环下去。

<br/>

###2)while循环猜年龄游戏

#实现用户可以不断的猜年龄,最多3次机会,继续按如意键,退出按“n”

_myage = 22
count = 0

while count < 3:
myage = int(input("myage:"))
if myage == _myage:
print("yes it is.")
break
elif myage > _myage:
print("should be smaller...")
else:
print("should be more big...")
count +=1
if count == 3:
countine_config = input("do you want to keep gussing?")
if countine_config !="n":
count = 0


break|结束当前整个循序
---|---
continue|跳出本次循环,进入下次循环
count|添加计数

>输出结果:

#继续猜:
myage:1
should be more big...
myage:2
should be more big...
myage:3
should be more big...
do you want to keep gussing?
myage:12
should be more big...
myage:22
yes it is.

Process finished with exit code 0

#不猜退出:
myage:1
should be more big...
myage:2
should be more big...
myage:3
should be more big...
do you want to keep gussing?n

Process finished with exit code 0

<br/>
<br/>

---

<br/>
<br/>

##6.for循环
###1)简单for循环

#0,10是范围,1是增数
for i in range(0,10,1):
print("number",i)

>输出结果:

number 0
number 1
number 2
number 3
number 4
number 5
number 6
number 7
number 8
number 9

Process finished with exit code 0


###2)for循环猜年龄游戏

#用户最多猜3次
_myage = 22

for i in range(3):
myage = int(input("myage:"))
if myage == _myage:
print("yes it is.")
break
elif myage > _myage:
print("should be smaller..")
else:
print("should be more big..")

else:
print("you have tried too many times")


>输出结果:

myage:1
should be more big..
myage:2
should be more big..
myage:3
should be more big..
you have tried too many times

Process finished with exit code 0


##7.作业
###1)作业三:多级菜单
* 三级菜单
* 可一次选择进入各子菜单
* 使用知识点:列表、字典

#Author:byh
#定义三级字典
data = {
'北京':{
"昌平":{
"沙河":["oldboy","test"],
"天通苑":["宜家","大润发"],
},
"朝阳":{},
"海淀":{},
},
'山东':{
"德州":{},
"青岛":{},
"济南":{},
},
'广东':{
"东莞":{},
"广州":{},
"佛山":{},
},
}
exit_flag = False

while not exit_flag:
for i in data: #打印第一层
print(i)

choice = input("选择进入1:")
if choice in data:  #判断输入的层在不在
    while not exit_flag:
        for i2 in data[choice]:  #打印第二层
            print(i2)

        choice2 = input("选择进入2:")
        if choice2 in data[choice]:     #判断输入的层在不在
            while not exit_flag:
                for i3 in data[choice][choice2]:    #打印第三层
                    print(i3)

                choice3 = input("选择进入3:")
                if choice3 in data[choice][choice2]:    #判断输入的层在不在
                    for i4 in data[choice][choice2][choice3]:   #打印最后一层
                        print(i4)

                    choice4 = input("最后一层,按b返回:")
                    if choice4 == "b":  #返回
                        pass  #占位符,或以后可能添加代码
                    elif choice4 == "q":    #退出
                        exit_flag = True
                if choice3 == "b":
                    break
                elif choice3 == "q":
                    exit_flag = True
        if choice2 == "b":
            break
        elif choice2 == "q":
            exit_flag = True

转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/12218163/2117688

  • 0
    点赞
  • 0
    收藏
    觉得还不错? 一键收藏
  • 0
    评论

“相关推荐”对你有帮助么?

  • 非常没帮助
  • 没帮助
  • 一般
  • 有帮助
  • 非常有帮助
提交
评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值