| 虚拟化管理控制台：Hypervisor；有些Hypervisor可以直接运行在计算机的裸硬件上，如KVM、IBM z/VM、VMware ESX Server等；另一类是通过宿主操作系统实现的，如VMware Workstation，Virtual Server等，红帽企业版5中使用的XEN虚拟化技术的Hypervisor是一种混合型的管理控制台，它可以直接运行在硬件上，但是需要相关的驱动支持。 域：在Hypervisor运行的虚拟机也称为域，也称为客户机（Guest），而管理这些客户机的平台通常称为管理域，它是操作系统的一部分。在XEN的虚拟化中，这个管理域都是第一个启动的，由于其ID编号始终为0，所以也称这个管理域为Domain0 客户机管理通过三种标识符进行区分：域名，域名ID，UUID号 红帽虚拟化硬件要求：Inel系列的CPU需要vmx的指令集，AMD系列的CPU需要支持svm命令集，查询方式:[root@szm repodata]# grep "vmx|svm" /proc/cpuinfo
|
第一步：安装虚拟化组件：[root@szm repodata]# yum groupinstall "Virtualization"
第二步：修改启动内核[root@szm ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/kernel
# UPDATEDEFAULT specifies if new-kernel-pkg should make
# new kernels the default
UPDATEDEFAULT=yes
# DEFAULTKERNEL specifies the default kernel package type
DEFAULTKERNEL=kernel--------------修改为:kernel-xen
第三步：修改grub.conf配置文件：[root@szm ~]# cat /boot/grub/grub.conf
# grub.conf generated by anaconda
#
# Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file
# NOTICE: You have a /boot partition. This means that
# all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg.
# root (hd0,0)
# kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_szm-lv_root
# initrd /initrd-[generic-]version.img
#boot=/dev/sda
default=0
timeout=5
splashp_w_picpath=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz
hiddenmenu
password --dm5 $1$.Ze.11$6IW7iPiuL6N/.UzD9IQwc/
title CentOS (2.6.32-358.0.1.el6.i686)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-358.0.1.el6.i686 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_szm-lv_root rd_LVM_LV=vg_szm/lv_root rd_LVM_LV=vg_szm/lv_swap rd_NO_LUKS rd_NO_MD rd_NO_DM LANG=en_US.UTF-8 KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us crashkernel=auto--修改为xen.gz-2.6.18-164.el
module /vmlinuz-2.6.18-164.el5xen ro root=/dev/GLSvg/GLSroot rhgb quiet
module /initrd-2.6.18.el5xen.img
initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-358.0.1.el6.i686.img
title CentOS (2.6.32-279.22.1.el6.i686)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-279.22.1.el6.i686 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_szm-lv_root rd_LVM_LV=vg_szm/lv_root rd_LVM_LV=vg_szm/lv_swap rd_NO_LUKS rd_NO_MD rd_NO_DM LANG=en_US.UTF-8 KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us crashkernel=auto
initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-279.22.1.el6.i686.img
title CentOS (2.6.32-279.19.1.el6.i686)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-279.19.1.el6.i686 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_szm-lv_root rd_LVM_LV=vg_szm/lv_root rd_LVM_LV=vg_szm/lv_swap rd_NO_LUKS rd_NO_MD rd_NO_DM LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8 KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us crashkernel=auto
initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-279.19.1.el6.i686.img
title centos (2.6.32-71.el6.i686)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-71.el6.i686 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_szm-lv_root rd_LVM_LV=vg_szm/lv_root rd_LVM_LV=vg_szm/lv_swap rd_NO_LUKS rd_NO_MD rd_NO_DM LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8 KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet
initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-71.el6.i686.img
第四步作用Virtual Machine Manager(VMM)管理虚拟机：
| 半虚拟化仅支持从网络安装Linux操作系统，完全虚拟化技术可以选择从本地介质安装或使用PXE方式安装操作系统，而且还可以选择安装不同的操作系统，如Windows； 使用简单文件作为虚拟机的存储默认存放位置为：/var/lib/xen/p_w_picpaths |
[root@szm repodata]# virt-install --help
Usage: virt-install --name NAME --ram RAM STORAGE INSTALL [options]
Options:
--version show program's version number and exit
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--connect=URI Connect to hypervisor with libvirt URI
General Options:
-n NAME, --name=NAME
Name of the guest instance---虚拟机名称
-r MEMORY, --ram=MEMORY
Memory to allocate for guest instance in megabytes---分配内存
--vcpus=VCPUS Number of vcpus to configure for your guest. Ex:
--vcpus 5
--vcpus 5,maxcpus=10
--vcpus sockets=2,cores=4,threads=2
--cpuset=CPUSET Set which physical CPUs domain can use.
--cpu=CPU CPU model and features. Ex: --cpu coreduo,+x2apic
--description=DESCRIPTION
Human readable description of the VM to store in the
generated XML.
--security=SECURITY
Set domain security driver configuration.
--numatune=NUMATUNE
Tune NUMA policy for the domain process.
Installation Method Options:-----安装方法
-c CDROM, --cdrom=CDROM
CD-ROM installation media
-l LOCATION, --location=LOCATION
Installation source (eg, nfs:host:/path,
http://host/path, ftp://host/path)
--pxe Boot from the network using the PXE protocol
--import Build guest around an existing disk p_w_picpath
--init=INIT Path to init binary for container guest. Ex:
--init /path/to/app (to contain an application)
--init /sbin/init (for a full OS container)
--livecd Treat the CD-ROM media as a Live CD
-x EXTRA, --extra-args=EXTRA
Additional arguments to pass to the install kernel
booted from --location
--initrd-inject=INITRD_INJECTIONS
Add given file to root of initrd from --location
--os-type=DISTRO_TYPE
The OS type being installed, e.g. 'linux', 'unix',
'windows'
--os-variant=DISTRO_VARIANT
The OS variant being installed guests, e.g. 'fedora6',
'rhel5', 'solaris10', 'win2k'
--boot=BOOTOPTS Optionally configure post-install boot order, menu,
permanent kernel boot, etc.
Storage Configuration:----存储参数(分区与文件)
--disk=DISKOPTS Specify storage with various options. Ex.
--disk path=/my/existing/disk
--disk path=/my/new/disk,size=5 (in gigabytes)
--disk vol=poolname:volname,device=cdrom,bus=scsi,...
--nodisks Don't set up any disks for the guest.
--filesystem=FILESYSTEMS
Pass host directory to the guest. Ex:
--filesystem /my/source/dir,/dir/in/guest
--filesystem template_name,/,type=template
Networking Configuration:--网络配置
-w NETWORK, --network=NETWORK---NAT方式主网
Configure a guest network interface. Ex:
--network bridge=mybr0
--network network=my_libvirt_virtual_net
--network network=mynet,model=virtio,mac=00:11...
| -b BRIDGE --bridge=BRIDGE-----设置网络连接为桥接 |
--nonetworks Don't create network interfaces for the guest.
Graphics Configuration
:-----图形支持
--graphics=GRAPHICS
Configure guest display settings. Ex:
--graphics vnc
--graphics spice,port=5901,tlsport=5902
--graphics none
--graphics vnc,password=foobar,port=5910,keymap=ja
--noautoconsole Don't automatically try to connect to the guest
console
Device Options:
--serial=SERIALS Configure a guest serial device
--parallel=PARALLELS
Configure a guest parallel device
--channel=CHANNELS Configure a guest communication channel
--console=CONSOLES Configure a text console connection between the guest
and host
--host-device=HOSTDEVS
Configure physical host devices attached to the guest
--soundhw=SOUNDHW Configure guest sound device emulation
--watchdog=WATCHDOG
Configure a guest watchdog device
--video=VIDEO Configure guest video hardware.
--smartcard=SMARTCARD
Configure a guest smartcard device. Ex:
--smartcard mode=passthrough
Virtualization Platform Options:
-v, --hvm This guest should be a fully virtualized guest--完全虚拟化
-p, --paravirt This guest should be a paravirtualized guest---半虚拟化
--container This guest should be a container guest
--virt-type=HV_TYPE
Hypervisor name to use (kvm, qemu, xen, ...)
--arch=ARCH The CPU architecture to simulate---设置虚拟机CPU架构
--machine=MACHINE The machine type to emulate
--noapic Disables APIC for fully virtualized guest (overrides
value in os-type/os-variant db)
--noacpi Disables ACPI for fully virtualized guest (overrides
value in os-type/os-variant db)
-u UUID, --uuid=UUID
UUID for the guest.
Miscellaneous Options:
--autostart Have domain autostart on host boot up.
--print-xml Print the generated domain XML rather than define the
guest.
--print-step=XMLSTEP
Print XML of a specific install step (1, 2, 3, all)
rather than define the guest.
--noreboot Don't boot guest after completing install.
--wait=WAIT Time to wait (in minutes)
--dry-run Run through install process, but do not create devices
or define the guest.
--force Forces 'yes' for any applicable prompts, terminates
for all others
-q, --quiet Suppress non-error output
--prompt Request user input for ambiguous situations or
required options.----使用交互方式安装虚拟机
-d, --debug Print debugging information
[root@szm repodata]# virt-install --prompt
虚拟机的管理：
[root@szm ~]# virsh --help
virsh [options]... [<command_string>]
virsh [options]... <command> [args...]
options:
-c | --connect=URI hypervisor connection URI
-r | --readonly connect readonly
-d | --debug=NUM debug level [0-4]
-h | --help this help
-q | --quiet quiet mode
-t | --timing print timing information
-l | --log=FILE output logging to file
-v short version
-V long version
--version[=TYPE] version, TYPE is short or long (default short)
-e | --escape <char> set escape sequence for console
commands (non interactive mode):
Domain Management (help keyword 'domain')
attach-device attach device from an XML file
attach-disk attach disk device
attach-interface attach network interface
autostart autostart a domain
blkdeviotune Set or query a block device I/O tuning parameters.
blkiotune Get or set blkio parameters
blockcommit Start a block commit operation.
blockcopy Start a block copy operation.
blockjob Manage active block operations
blockpull Populate a disk from its backing p_w_picpath.
blockresize Resize block device of domain.
change-media Change media of CD or floppy drive
console connect to the guest console
cpu-baseline compute baseline CPU
cpu-compare compare host CPU with a CPU described by an XML file
cpu-stats show domain cpu statistics
create create a domain from an XML file
define define (but don't start) a domain from an XML file
desc show or set domain's description or title
destroy destroy (stop) a domain
detach-device detach device from an XML file
detach-disk detach disk device
detach-interface detach network interface
domdisplay domain display connection URI
domhostname print the domain's hostname
domid convert a domain name or UUID to domain id
domif-setlink set link state of a virtual interface
domiftune get/set parameters of a virtual interface
domjobabort abort active domain job
domjobinfo domain job information
domname convert a domain id or UUID to domain name
dompmsuspend suspend a domain gracefully using power management functions
dompmwakeup wakeup a domain from pmsuspended state
domuuid convert a domain name or id to domain UUID
domxml-from-native Convert native config to domain XML
domxml-to-native Convert domain XML to native config
dump dump the core of a domain to a file for analysis
dumpxml domain information in XML
edit edit XML configuration for a domain
inject-nmi Inject NMI to the guest
send-key Send keycodes to the guest
managedsave managed save of a domain state
managedsave-remove Remove managed save of a domain
maxvcpus connection vcpu maximum
memtune Get or set memory parameters
migrate migrate domain to another host
migrate-setmaxdowntime set maximum tolerable downtime
migrate-setspeed Set the maximum migration bandwidth
migrate-getspeed Get the maximum migration bandwidth
numatune Get or set numa parameters
reboot reboot a domain
reset reset a domain
restore restore a domain from a saved state in a file
resume resume a domain
save save a domain state to a file
save-p_w_picpath-define redefine the XML for a domain's saved state file
save-p_w_picpath-dumpxml saved state domain information in XML
save-p_w_picpath-edit edit XML for a domain's saved state file
schedinfo show/set scheduler parameters
screenshot take a screenshot of a current domain console and store it into a file
setmaxmem change maximum memory limit
setmem change memory allocation
setvcpus change number of virtual CPUs
shutdown gracefully shutdown a domain
start start a (previously defined) inactive domain
suspend suspend a domain
ttyconsole tty console
undefine undefine a domain
update-device update device from an XML file
vcpucount domain vcpu counts
vcpuinfo detailed domain vcpu information
vcpupin control or query domain vcpu affinity
emulatorpin control or query domain emulator affinity
vncdisplay vnc display
Domain Monitoring (help keyword 'monitor')
domblkerror Show errors on block devices
domblkinfo domain block device size information
domblklist list all domain blocks
domblkstat get device block stats for a domain
domcontrol domain control interface state
domif-getlink get link state of a virtual interface
domiflist list all domain virtual interfaces
domifstat get network interface stats for a domain
dominfo domain information
dommemstat get memory statistics for a domain
domstate domain state
list list domains
Host and Hypervisor (help keyword 'host')
capabilities capabilities
connect (re)connect to hypervisor
freecell NUMA free memory
hostname print the hypervisor hostname
node-memory-tune Get or set node memory parameters
nodecpustats Prints cpu stats of the node.
nodeinfo node information
nodememstats Prints memory stats of the node.
nodesuspend suspend the host node for a given time duration
qemu-attach QEMU Attach
qemu-monitor-command QEMU Monitor Command
qemu-agent-command QEMU Guest Agent Command
sysinfo print the hypervisor sysinfo
uri print the hypervisor canonical URI
version show version
Interface (help keyword 'interface')
iface-begin create a snapshot of current interfaces settings, which can be later committed (iface-commit) or restored (iface-rollback)
iface-bridge create a bridge device and attach an existing network device to it
iface-commit commit changes made since iface-begin and free restore point
iface-define define (but don't start) a physical host interface from an XML file
iface-destroy destroy a physical host interface (disable it / "if-down")
iface-dumpxml interface information in XML
iface-edit edit XML configuration for a physical host interface
iface-list list physical host interfaces
iface-mac convert an interface name to interface MAC address
iface-name convert an interface MAC address to interface name
iface-rollback rollback to previous saved configuration created via iface-begin
iface-start start a physical host interface (enable it / "if-up")
iface-unbridge undefine a bridge device after detaching its slave device
iface-undefine undefine a physical host interface (remove it from configuration)
Network Filter (help keyword 'filter')
nwfilter-define define or update a network filter from an XML file
nwfilter-dumpxml network filter information in XML
nwfilter-edit edit XML configuration for a network filter
nwfilter-list list network filters
nwfilter-undefine undefine a network filter
Networking (help keyword 'network')
net-autostart autostart a network
net-create create a network from an XML file
net-define define (but don't start) a network from an XML file
net-destroy destroy (stop) a network
net-dumpxml network information in XML
net-edit edit XML configuration for a network
net-info network information
net-list list networks
net-name convert a network UUID to network name
net-start start a (previously defined) inactive network
net-undefine undefine an inactive network
net-update update parts of an existing network's configuration
net-uuid convert a network name to network UUID
Node Device (help keyword 'nodedev')
nodedev-create create a device defined by an XML file on the node
nodedev-destroy destroy (stop) a device on the node
nodedev-detach detach node device from its device driver
nodedev-dumpxml node device details in XML
nodedev-list enumerate devices on this host
nodedev-reattach reattach node device to its device driver
nodedev-reset reset node device
Secret (help keyword 'secret')
secret-define define or modify a secret from an XML file
secret-dumpxml secret attributes in XML
secret-get-value Output a secret value
secret-list list secrets
secret-set-value set a secret value
secret-undefine undefine a secret
Snapshot (help keyword 'snapshot')
snapshot-create Create a snapshot from XML
snapshot-create-as Create a snapshot from a set of args
snapshot-current Get or set the current snapshot
snapshot-delete Delete a domain snapshot
snapshot-dumpxml Dump XML for a domain snapshot
snapshot-edit edit XML for a snapshot
snapshot-info snapshot information
snapshot-list List snapshots for a domain
snapshot-parent Get the name of the parent of a snapshot
snapshot-revert Revert a domain to a snapshot
Storage Pool (help keyword 'pool')
find-storage-pool-sources-as find potential storage pool sources
find-storage-pool-sources discover potential storage pool sources
pool-autostart autostart a pool
pool-build build a pool
pool-create-as create a pool from a set of args
pool-create create a pool from an XML file
pool-define-as define a pool from a set of args
pool-define define (but don't start) a pool from an XML file
pool-delete delete a pool
pool-destroy destroy (stop) a pool
pool-dumpxml pool information in XML
pool-edit edit XML configuration for a storage pool
pool-info storage pool information
pool-list list pools
pool-name convert a pool UUID to pool name
pool-refresh refresh a pool
pool-start start a (previously defined) inactive pool
pool-undefine undefine an inactive pool
pool-uuid convert a pool name to pool UUID
Storage Volume (help keyword 'volume')
vol-clone clone a volume.
vol-create-as create a volume from a set of args
vol-create create a vol from an XML file
vol-create-from create a vol, using another volume as input
vol-delete delete a vol
vol-download Download a volume to a file
vol-dumpxml vol information in XML
vol-info storage vol information
vol-key returns the volume key for a given volume name or path
vol-list list vols
vol-name returns the volume name for a given volume key or path
vol-path returns the volume path for a given volume name or key
vol-pool returns the storage pool for a given volume key or path
vol-resize resize a vol
vol-upload upload a file into a volume
vol-wipe wipe a vol
Virsh itself (help keyword 'virsh')
cd change the current directory
echo echo arguments
exit quit this interactive terminal
help print help
pwd print the current directory
quit quit this interactive terminal
(specify help <group> for details about the commands in the group)
(specify help <command> for details about the command)
[root@szm repodata]# virsh
Welcome to virsh, the virtualization interactive terminal.
Type: 'help' for help with commands
'quit' to quit
virsh # help
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/2816056/1154700
扫一扫
1406
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
