在上篇文章(http://www.cnblogs.com/jerehedu/p/4607599.html#gui)中,根据源码探索了View的绘制过程,过程有三个主要步骤,分别为测量、布局、绘制。系统对绘制已经做了很好的封装,我们主要对测量和布局过程进行分析,看一看android是如何对view进行测量和布局的。
根据上篇文章的分析,我们知道在ViewRootImpl的performMeasure方法中,实际上调用了mView.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);方法。根据源码我们找到了该方法的原型,此方法在View类中,并且是final方法,不可被子类重写,方法的具体源码如下:
public final void measure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) { boolean optical = isLayoutModeOptical(this); if (optical != isLayoutModeOptical(mParent)) { …… } // Suppress sign extension for the low bytes long key = (long) widthMeasureSpec << 32 | (long) heightMeasureSpec & 0xffffffffL; if (mMeasureCache == null) mMeasureCache = new LongSparseLongArray(2); if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT) == PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT || widthMeasureSpec != mOldWidthMeasureSpec || heightMeasureSpec != mOldHeightMeasureSpec) { …… if (cacheIndex < 0 || sIgnoreMeasureCache) { // measure ourselves, this should set the measured dimension flag back onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec); mPrivateFlags3 &= ~PFLAG3_MEASURE_NEEDED_BEFORE_LAYOUT; } else { long value = mMeasureCache.valueAt(cacheIndex); // Casting a long to int drops the high 32 bits, no mask needed setMeasuredDimensionRaw((int) (value >> 32), (int) value); mPrivateFlags3 |= PFLAG3_MEASURE_NEEDED_BEFORE_LAYOUT; } …… mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED; } mOldWidthMeasureSpec = widthMeasureSpec; mOldHeightMeasureSpec = heightMeasureSpec; mMeasureCache.put(key, ((long) mMeasuredWidth) << 32 | (long) mMeasuredHeight & 0xffffffffL); // suppress sign extension }
根据方法内容和说明,可以知道本方法就是用来测量View的大小的,而需要的两个参数是由父View构建的,用于说明父View对子View的测量的规格要求,实际上在这个方法中真正完成测量大小的是方法onMeasure,此方法我们稍后分析。在此之前我们先要明白measure方法中的两个参数的含义,刚才有提到参数是父View对子View的测量规格要求,那么Android是如何描述的呢,这里用到了一个类MeasureSpec,此类为View中的一个内部类,关键源码如下:
public static class MeasureSpec { private static final int MODE_SHIFT = 30; private static final int MODE_MASK = 0x3 << MODE_SHIFT; public static final int UNSPECIFIED = 0 << MODE_SHIFT; public static final int EXACTLY = 1 << MODE_SHIFT; public static final int AT_MOST = 2 << MODE_SHIFT; public static int makeMeasureSpec(int size, int mode) { if (sUseBrokenMakeMeasureSpec) { return size + mode; } else { return (size & ~MODE_MASK) | (mode & MODE_MASK); } } public static int getMode(int measureSpec) { return (measureSpec & MODE_MASK); } public static int getSize(int measureSpec) { return (measureSpec & ~MODE_MASK); } …… }
根据SDK,此类封装了父View对子View的布局要求,每个实例都代表了对子View的高度或者宽度的要求,测量要求包含两个部分,分别为尺寸和模式。模式主要由三种,具体如下:
1、 UNSPECIFIED:代表父View对子View没有约束,子View可以为任意大小。
2、 EXACTLY:父View确定子View的大小,子View被限定在给定的边界中,忽咯本身的大小。
3、 AT_MOST:子View最大可以达到指定大小的值。
该类中提供了用来计算和生成测量要求的方法,具体如下:
1、 public static int makeMeasureSpec(int size, int mode),此方法最终生成一个32位二进制数用来表明测量规格要求,其中32和31位用来表明模式,后30位代表了大小。
2、 public static int getMode(int measureSpec),此方法可以根据测量说明,计算模式。
3、 public static int getSize(int measureSpec),此方法根据测量说明,计算大小。
明白了MeasureSpec,我们在回过头来,看一看onMeasure方法,该方法的源码如下:
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) { setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec), getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec)); }
此方法的默认实现非常简单,调用了setMeasuredDimersion方法将测量好的尺寸保存到mMeasuredWidth和mMeasuredHeight。而在setMeasuredDimersion方法中调用了getDefaultSize用来计算,该方法具体如下:
public static int getDefaultSize(int size, int measureSpec) { int result = size; int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec); int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec); switch (specMode) { case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED: result = size; break; case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST: case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY: result = specSize; break; } return result; }
很明显,此方法根据提供的默认大小和测量要求计算View的实际大小。到此为止,View完了测量过程。不过大多数情况下,当我们自定义ViewGroup的时候,我们需要重写onMeasure方法,在此方法中,可以遍历所有的子View并要求他们对自己的大小进行测量,同时不要忘记调用setMeasuredDimension进行保存测量结果,在ViewGroup是通过如下三个方法实现的,关键代码如下:
方法mesureChildren,遍历所有的非隐藏的子View,并调用measureChild方法设置子View的测量要求。
protected void measureChildren(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) { final int size = mChildrenCount; final View[] children = mChildren; for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) { final View child = children[i]; if ((child.mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) != GONE) { measureChild(child, widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec); } } }
方法measureChild,获取子View的测量规格,并调用measure进行测量实际大小。
protected void measureChild(View child, int parentWidthMeasureSpec, int parentHeightMeasureSpec) { final LayoutParams lp = child.getLayoutParams(); final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec, mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight, lp.width); final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec, mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom, lp.height); child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec); }
方法getChildMeasureSpec用于获取View的测量规格要求。
public static int getChildMeasureSpec(int spec, int padding, int childDimension) { int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(spec); int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(spec); int size = Math.max(0, specSize - padding); int resultSize = 0; int resultMode = 0; switch (specMode) { // Parent has imposed an exact size on us case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY: if (childDimension >= 0) { resultSize = childDimension; resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY; } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) { // Child wants to be our size. So be it. resultSize = size; resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY; } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) { // Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be // bigger than us. resultSize = size; resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST; } break; // Parent has imposed a maximum size on us case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST: if (childDimension >= 0) { // Child wants a specific size... so be it resultSize = childDimension; resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY; } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) { // Child wants to be our size, but our size is not fixed. // Constrain child to not be bigger than us. resultSize = size; resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST; } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) { // Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be // bigger than us. resultSize = size; resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST; } break; // Parent asked to see how big we want to be case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED: if (childDimension >= 0) { // Child wants a specific size... let him have it resultSize = childDimension; resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY; } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) { // Child wants to be our size... find out how big it should // be resultSize = 0; resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED; } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) { // Child wants to determine its own size.... find out how // big it should be resultSize = 0; resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED; } break; } return MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(resultSize, resultMode); }
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