c++ map的使用方法

 

/* ***********************************************************************
*
*  Map的特点:  1、存储Key-value对
*              2、支持快速查找，查找的复杂度基本是Log(N)
*              3、快速插入，快速删除，快速修改记
*
/*********************************************************************** */
#include  < stdio.h >
#pragma  warning(disable:4786)
#include  < string >
#include  < map >     // 包含头文件
using   namespace  std;

// 输出map中的记录
#define  PRINTMAP(iterSuffix, mapName)\
{\
    PRJ_MAP_STRING2INT_WORDREC::iterator iter##iterSuffix  =  mapName##.begin();\
     for  (; iter##iterSuffix  !=  mapName##.end();  ++ iter##iterSuffix)\
    {\
        printf( " \"%s\" -> total: %d\n " , iter##iterSuffix -> first.c_str(), iter##iterSuffix -> second);\
    }\
    printf( " \n " );\
}
/* ***********************************************************************
* 数据类型定义
/*********************************************************************** */
typedef map < string ,  int >  PRJ_MAP_STRING2INT_WORDREC; // 定义map类型的别名

/* ********************************************************************** */
/*  全局函数
/*********************************************************************** */
void  main()
{
    map < string ,  int >  mapWordRecPrep;             /*  定义map类型的变量  */
    PRJ_MAP_STRING2INT_WORDREC mapWordRecVerb;   /*  用别名定义map类型的变量  */

     // 插入记录
    mapWordRecPrep[ " the " ]   =   100 ;  /*  数组方式  */
    mapWordRecPrep[ " so " ]    =   50 ;

    mapWordRecVerb[ " find " ]  =   1 ;
    mapWordRecVerb[ " seen " ]  =   2 ;
    mapWordRecVerb[ " jump " ]  =   3 ;
    mapWordRecVerb[ " swim " ]  =   4 ;
    mapWordRecVerb.insert(map < string ,  int > ::value_type( " look " ,  5 ));  /*  value_type方式  */
    mapWordRecVerb.insert(pair < string ,  int > ( " walk " ,  6 ));  /*  pair方式  */

     /*  value_type和pair方式不出现覆盖现象  */
    printf( " Insert method: value_type\n " );
    pair < map < string ,  int > ::iterator,  bool >  inserted;
    inserted  =  mapWordRecVerb.insert(map < string ,  int > ::value_type( " walk " ,  7 ));
    printf( " %s\n " ,  true   ==  inserted.second  ?   " Insert success! "  :  " Insert failed! " );
    PRINTMAP(Ver, mapWordRecVerb);

     /*  数组方式出现覆盖现象 */
    printf( " Insert method: array\n " );
    mapWordRecVerb[ " walk " ]  =   7 ;
    PRINTMAP(Ver, mapWordRecVerb);

     // 查找记录
    map < string ,  int > ::iterator iter  =  mapWordRecPrep.find( " so " );
    printf( " %s\n " , iter  ==  mapWordRecPrep.end()  ?   " Not find! "  :  " Find! " );

     // 删除记录
    map < string ,  int > ::iterator iterV  =  mapWordRecVerb.find( " seen " );
     if  (iterV  !=  mapWordRecVerb.end())
    {
        mapWordRecVerb.erase(iterV);               /*  迭代器方式删除  */
        printf( " \nDelete word \"seen\" done!\n " );
        PRINTMAP(Verb, mapWordRecVerb);
    }

     int  n  =  mapWordRecVerb.erase( " swim " );          /*   关键字方式删除  */
    printf( " \nDelete word \"swim\" done!\n " );
    PRINTMAP(Verb, mapWordRecVerb);

    mapWordRecVerb.erase(mapWordRecVerb.begin(), mapWordRecVerb.end());  /*  成片删除  */
    printf( " \nDelete all word done!\n " );
    PRINTMAP(Verb, mapWordRecVerb);

     // map的其它函数
     if  (mapWordRecVerb.empty()  &&   0   ==  mapWordRecVerb.size())    /*  判断map是否为空  */
    {
        printf( " mapWordRecVerb is empty!\n\n " );
    }

    PRINTMAP(Pre, mapWordRecPrep)
    mapWordRecPrep.clear();                                      /*  清空map  */
    PRINTMAP(Pre, mapWordRecPrep)
     if  (mapWordRecPrep.empty()  &&   0   ==  mapWordRecPrep.size())
    {
        printf( " mapWordRecPrep is empty!\n\n " );
    }
}

 

输出结果：

Insert method: value_type
Insert failed!
"find" -> total: 1
"jump" -> total: 3
"look" -> total: 5
"seen" -> total: 2
"swim" -> total: 4
"walk" -> total: 6

Insert method: array
"find" -> total: 1
"jump" -> total: 3
"look" -> total: 5
"seen" -> total: 2
"swim" -> total: 4
"walk" -> total: 7

Find!

Delete word "seen" done!
"find" -> total: 1
"jump" -> total: 3
"look" -> total: 5
"swim" -> total: 4
"walk" -> total: 7

Delete word "swim" done!
"find" -> total: 1
"jump" -> total: 3
"look" -> total: 5
"walk" -> total: 7

Delete all word done!

mapWordRecVerb is empty!

"so" -> total: 50
"the" -> total: 100

mapWordRecPrep is empty!