另一鲜为人知的单例写法-ThreadLocal
源代码范例
当我阅读FocusFinder和Choreographer的时候,我发现这两类的单例实现和我们寻经常使用双重检查锁非常不一样。而是用来一个ThreadLocal。这个也能够实现单例啊,那这个与双重检查锁实现的单例有什么差别呢?
1.FocusFinder
/**
* The algorithm used for finding the next focusable view in a given direction
* from a view that currently has focus.
*/
public class FocusFinder {
private static final ThreadLocal<FocusFinder> tlFocusFinder =
new ThreadLocal<FocusFinder>() {
@Override
protected FocusFinder initialValue() {
return new FocusFinder();
}
};
/**
* Get the focus finder for this thread.
*/
public static FocusFinder getInstance() {
return tlFocusFinder.get();
}
// enforce thread local access
private FocusFinder() {}
}
2.Choreographer
public final class Choreographer {
// Thread local storage for the choreographer.
private static final ThreadLocal<Choreographer> sThreadInstance =
new ThreadLocal<Choreographer>() {
@Override
protected Choreographer initialValue() {
Looper looper = Looper.myLooper();
if (looper == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("The current thread must have a looper!");
}
return new Choreographer(looper);
}
};
private Choreographer(Looper looper) {
mLooper = looper;
mHandler = new FrameHandler(looper);
mDisplayEventReceiver = USE_VSYNC ?
new FrameDisplayEventReceiver(looper) : null; mLastFrameTimeNanos = Long.MIN_VALUE; mFrameIntervalNanos = (long)(1000000000 / getRefreshRate()); mCallbackQueues = new CallbackQueue[CALLBACK_LAST + 1]; for (int i = 0; i <= CALLBACK_LAST; i++) { mCallbackQueues[i] = new CallbackQueue(); } } /** * Gets the choreographer for the calling thread. Must be called from * a thread that already has a {@link android.os.Looper} associated with it. * * @return The choreographer for this thread. * @throws IllegalStateException if the thread does not have a looper. */ public static Choreographer getInstance() { return sThreadInstance.get(); } }
理论分析
ThreadLocal会为每个线程提供一个独立的变量副本,从而隔离了多个线程对数据的訪问冲突。
对于多线程资源共享的问题,同步机制採用了“以时间换空间”的方式,而ThreadLocal採用了“以空间换时间”的方式。前者仅提供一份变量,让不同的线程排队訪问,而后者为每个线程都提供了一份变量。因此能够同一时候訪问而互不影响。
public class ThreadLocal{
/**
* Provides the initial value of this variable for the current thread.
* The default implementation returns {@code null}.
*
* @return the initial value of the variable.
*/
protected T initialValue() {
return null;
}
/**
* Returns the value of this variable for the current thread. If an entry
* doesn't yet exist for this variable on this thread, this method will
* create an entry, populating the value with the result of
* {@link #initialValue()}.
*
* @return the current value of the variable for the calling thread.
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public T get() {
// Optimized for the fast path.
Thread currentThread = Thread.currentThread();
Values values = values(currentThread);
if (values != null) {
Object[] table = values.table;
int index = hash & values.mask;
if (this.reference == table[index]) {
return (T) table[index + 1];
}
} else {
values = initializeValues(currentThread);
}
return (T) values.getAfterMiss(this);
}
/**
* Gets Values instance for this thread and variable type.
*/
Values values(Thread current) {
return current.localValues;
}
/**
* Sets the value of this variable for the current thread. If set to
* {@code null}, the value will be set to null and the underlying entry will
* still be present.
*
* @param value the new value of the variable for the caller thread.
*/
public void set(T value) {
Thread currentThread = Thread.currentThread();
Values values = values(currentThread);
if (values == null) {
values = initializeValues(currentThread);
}
values.put(this, value);
}
}
实现步骤
//1.initialValue,创建ThreadLocal对象
//2.get(),获取当前线程里的values
//3.假设不存在则初始化一个空的values
//4.假设存在,则复用values
另一处经典应用
在Looper中使用ThreadLocal,使之每个Thread都有一个Looper与之相应.
public class Looper{
// sThreadLocal.get() will return null unless you've called prepare().
static final ThreadLocal<Looper> sThreadLocal = new ThreadLocal<Looper>();
/** Initialize the current thread as a looper.
* This gives you a chance to create handlers that then reference
* this looper, before actually starting the loop. Be sure to call
* {@link #loop()} after calling this method, and end it by calling
* {@link #quit()}.
*/
public static void prepare() {
prepare(true);
}
private static void prepare(boolean quitAllowed) {
if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {
throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");
}
sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed));
}
/**
* Return the Looper object associated with the current thread. Returns
* null if the calling thread is not associated with a Looper.
*/
public static @Nullable Looper myLooper() {
return sThreadLocal.get();
}
}
自己也写
public class Manager {
private static final ThreadLocal<Manager> sManager = new ThreadLocal<Manager>() {
@Override
protected Manager initialValue() {
return new Manager();
}
};
private Manager() {
}
public static Manager getInstance() {
return sManager.get();
}
}
參考
- 彻底理解ThreadLocal(http://blog.csdn.net/lufeng20/article/details/24314381)