CRUD怎么写??
存user信息, 自动存group信息
user.java
package com.bjsxt.hibernate;
import javax.persistence.CascadeType;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.FetchType;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;
import javax.persistence.Table;
@Entity
@Table(name="t_user")
public class User {
private int id;
private String name;
private Group group;
@ManyToOne(cascade={CascadeType.ALL})
public Group getGroup() {
return group;
}
public void setGroup(Group group) {
this.group = group;
}
@Id
@GeneratedValue
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
group.java:
package com.bjsxt.hibernate;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.persistence.CascadeType;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.FetchType;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.OneToMany;
import javax.persistence.Table;
@Entity
@Table(name="t_group")
public class Group {
private int id;
private String name;
private Set<User> users = new HashSet<User>();
@Id
@GeneratedValue
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@OneToMany(mappedBy="group",
cascade={CascadeType.ALL}
)
public Set<User> getUsers() {
return users;
}
public void setUsers(Set<User> users) {
this.users = users;
}
}
hibernate.cfg.xml:
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
<property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost/hibernate</property>
<property name="connection.username">root</property>
<property name="connection.password">linda0213</property>
<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
<!--
<property name="connection.driver_class">oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver</property>
<property name="connection.url">jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:SXT</property>
<property name="connection.username">scott</property>
<property name="connection.password">tiger</property>
<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.OracleDialect</property>
-->
<!-- JDBC connection pool (use the built-in) -->
<property name="connection.pool_size">1</property>
<!-- Enable Hibernate's automatic session context management -->
<property name="current_session_context_class">thread</property>
<!-- Disable the second-level cache -->
<property name="cache.provider_class">org.hibernate.cache.NoCacheProvider</property>
<!-- Echo all executed SQL to stdout -->
<property name="show_sql">true</property>
<property name="format_sql">true</property>
<!-- Drop and re-create the database schema on startup
<property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
-->
<!--
<mapping resource="com/bjsxt/hibernate/Group.hbm.xml"/>
<mapping resource="com/bjsxt/hibernate/User.hbm.xml"/>
-->
<mapping class="com.bjsxt.hibernate.Group"/>
<mapping class="com.bjsxt.hibernate.User"/>
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>
test文件:
package com.bjsxt.hibernate;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration;
import org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaExport;
import org.junit.AfterClass;
import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import org.junit.Test;
public class HibernateORMappingTest {
private static SessionFactory sessionFactory;
@BeforeClass
public static void beforeClass() {
new SchemaExport(new AnnotationConfiguration().configure()).create(false, true);
sessionFactory = new AnnotationConfiguration().configure().buildSessionFactory();
}
@AfterClass
public static void afterClass() {
sessionFactory.close();
}
@Test
public void testSaveUser() {
User u = new User();
u.setName("u1");
Group g = new Group();
g.setName("g1");
u.setGroup(g);
Session s = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
s.beginTransaction();
//s.save(g);
s.save(u);
s.getTransaction().commit();
}
@Test
public void testSchemaExport() {
new SchemaExport(new AnnotationConfiguration().configure()).create(false, true);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
beforeClass();
}
}
如果设定group同时更新user的话:
@Test
public void testSaveGroup() {
User u1 = new User();
u1.setName("u1");
User u2 = new User();
u2.setName("u2");
Group g = new Group();
g.setName("g1");
g.getUsers().add(u1);
g.getUsers().add(u2);
u1.setGroup(g);
u2.setGroup(g);
Session s = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
s.beginTransaction();
//s.save(g);
s.save(g);
s.getTransaction().commit();
}
铁律:双向关系,必须设置双向关联. 双向一定要设置MappedBy
get/load:
从多里会自动被一取出来,即, 取user, 会取出group
遵循原则: 默认, 多对一 eager, 一对多 lazy.
@Test
public void testGetUser() {
testSaveGroup();
Session s = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
s.beginTransaction();
User u = (User)s.get(User.class, 1);
s.getTransaction().commit();
System.out.println(u.getGroup().getName());
}
从一取, 不会取, 因为cascade的all不影响读取. 只管CUD, 增删改
fetch影响读取. 管load,get等读取
想取多的话: 可以改group.java:
fetch=FetchType.EAGER. LAZY是默认不取.
所以从多取一 默认是EAGER
从一取多, 默认是lazy, 因为数据多.
@OneToMany(mappedBy="group",
cascade={CascadeType.ALL},
fetch=FetchType.EAGER
)
public Set<User> getUsers() {
return users;
}
test.java:
@Test
public void testGetGroup() {
testSaveGroup();
Session s = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
s.beginTransaction();
Group g = (Group)s.get(Group.class, 1);
s.getTransaction().commit();
for(User u : g.getUsers()) {
System.out.println(u.getName());
}
}
lazy加载的报错问题: 因为commit后session结束, 不能再链接数据库获取信息了, 得把下面访问group数据库的信息放在commit上面.
@Test
public void testLoadUser() {
testSaveGroup();
Session s = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
s.beginTransaction();
User u = (User)s.load(User.class, 1);
s.getTransaction().commit();
System.out.println(u.getGroup().getName());
}
Load的lazy和eager的区别:
test代码:
@Test
public void testLoadUser() {
testSaveGroup();
Session s = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
s.beginTransaction();
User u = (User)s.load(User.class, 1);
System.out.println(u.getGroup().getName());
s.getTransaction().commit();
}
user.java如果改成lazy的话:
@ManyToOne(cascade={CascadeType.ALL},fetch=FetchType.LAZY)
public Group getGroup() {
return group;
}
运行时:
1. user对group是 lazy时: 先select user, 再join user 和group
2. user对group是eager时, 结果是先 join user 和group, 再select user.
因为是eager会先join, 由于group里又有一个eager,所以又取了一遍user, 所以取的时候, 只要一边设置eager就可以了. 所以默认的话, 一对多默认是 lazy, 多对一默认是eager.
XML也有对上面问题的控制, 在set里设置一个inverse="true"
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.bjsxt.hibernate.Group" table="t_group">
<id name="id">
<generator class="native"></generator>
</id>
<property name="name"></property>
<set name="users" inverse="true">
<key column="groupId"></key>
<one-to-many class="com.bjsxt.hibernate.User"/>
</set>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
update:
会同时更新user和group
之所以级联更新, 是因为user.java里有@ManyToOne(cascade={CascadeType.ALL})
@Test
public void testUpdateUser() {
testSaveGroup();
Session s = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
s.beginTransaction();
User u = (User)s.get(User.class, 1);
s.getTransaction().commit();
u.setName("user");
u.getGroup().setName("group");
Session s2 = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
s2.beginTransaction();
s2.update(u);
s2.getTransaction().commit();
}
delete: user里有u1, u2, group里是g1, u1,u2 都是g1.
结果两个表的数据都被删了. 因为删除u1时关联group 的g1, 删除g1的时候又级联的删除了u2.
@Test
public void testDeleteUser() {
testSaveGroup();
Session s = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
s.beginTransaction();
User u = (User)s.load(User.class, 2);
s.delete(u);
s.getTransaction().commit();
}
所以现在的O/R mapping的编程模型有
a)映射模型 : jpa annotation (最常用), hibernate annotation extension, hibernate xml, jpa xml
b)编程接口: 增删改查的接口, jpa 接口 , hibernate 接口
c)数据查询:
1. HQL
2. EJBQL(JP QL)
所以现在开发模式是jpa annotation和hibernate的编程接口.
解决方法: 先设定关系为null, 再删除:
@Test
public void testDeleteUser() {
testSaveGroup();
Session s = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
s.beginTransaction();
User u = (User)s.load(User.class, 2);
u.setGroup(null);
s.delete(u);
s.getTransaction().commit();
}
第二种方法:用createQuery.
@Test
public void testDeleteUser() {
testSaveGroup();
Session s = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
s.beginTransaction();
User u = (User)s.load(User.class, 2);
s.createQuery("delete from User u where u.id = 2").executeUpdate();
s.getTransaction().commit();
}
删除group的情况: cascade all所以级联全部删除
@Test
public void testDeleteGroup() {
testSaveGroup();
Session s = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
s.beginTransaction();
//User u = (User)s.load(User.class, 1);
//u.setGroup(null);
//s.delete(u);
Group g = (Group)s.load(Group.class, 1);
s.delete(g);
//s.createQuery("delete from User u where u.id = 1").executeUpdate();
s.getTransaction().commit();
}