子类是父类的类型,但父类不是子类的类型。
子类的实例可以声明为父类型,但父类的实例不能声明为子类型。
class Vehicle {} public class Car extends Vehicle { public static void main(String args[]){ Vehicle v1 = new Vehicle(); //父类型 Vehicle v2 = new Car(); //子类的实例可以声明为父类型 Car c1 = new Car(); // 子类型 Car c2 = new Vehicle(); //这句会报错,父类型的实例不能声明为子类型 //Car(子类)是Vehicle(父类)类型, Vehicle(父类)不是Car(子类)类型 boolean result1 = c1 instanceof Vehicle; // true boolean result2 = c1 instanceof Car; // true boolean result3 = v1 instanceof Vehicle; // true boolean result4 = v1 instanceof Car; // false boolean result5 = v2 instanceof Vehicle; // true boolean result6 = v2 instanceof Car; // true System.out.println(result1); System.out.println(result2); System.out.println(result3); System.out.println(result4); System.out.println(result5); System.out.println(result6); } }
从执行结果来看,虽然 v2 被声明为了 Vehicle(父类),但它既是 instanceof Vehicle,又是 instanceof Car,所以 v2 其实是 Car(子类),否则 v2 instanceof Car 应该为 false。