LVM
LVM就是动态卷管理,可以将多个硬盘和硬盘分区做成一个逻辑卷,并把这个逻辑卷作为一个整体来统一管理,动态对分区进行扩缩空间大小,安全快捷方便管理。
1.新建分区,更改类型为8e 即LVM
命令(输入 m 获取帮助):t
已选择分区 1
Hex 代码(输入 L 列出所有代码):8e
已将分区“Linux”的类型更改为“Linux LVM”
命令(输入 m 获取帮助):p
磁盘 /dev/sdb:10.7 GB, 10737418240 字节,20971520 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型:dos
磁盘标识符:0xd9bd4bfd
设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 2099199 1048576 8e Linux LVM
2.准备物理卷
yum查看pvcreate命令使用的哪个包
[root@yolks1 ~]# yum provides "/*/pvcreate"
已加载插件:fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
* updates: mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn
base/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 6.9 MB 00:00:01
extras/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 524 kB 00:00:00
updates/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 1.5 MB 00:00:00
1:bash-completion-2.1-6.el7.noarch : Programmable completion for Bash
源 :base
匹配来源:
文件名 :/usr/share/bash-completion/completions/pvcreate
7:lvm2-2.02.177-4.el7.x86_64 : Userland logical volume management tools
源 :base
匹配来源:
文件名 :/usr/sbin/pvcreate
经过搜索得到如 lvm2 ,进行yum安装
yum install -y lvm2
找不到分完区的目录文件
[root@yolks1 ~]# ls /dev/sdb1
ls: 无法访问/dev/sdb1: 没有那个文件或目录
运行命令partprobe生成一下
[root@yolks1 ~]# partprobe
Warning: 无法以读写方式打开 /dev/sr0 (只读文件系统)。/dev/sr0 已按照只读方式打开。
[root@yolks1 ~]# !ls
ls /dev/sdb1
/dev/sdb1
pvcreate创建物理卷
[root@yolks1 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb2
Physical volume "/dev/sdb2" successfully created.
查看物理卷 pvdisplay
"/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "1.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb1
VG Name
PV Size 1.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID nfbg36-Xi0d-s0cW-WaLX-u820-MFWM-Y8APz2
[root@yolks1 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb2
Physical volume "/dev/sdb2" successfully created.
[root@yolks1 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb3
Physical volume "/dev/sdb3" successfully created.
[root@yolks1 ~]# pvdisplay
"/dev/sdb2" is a new physical volume of "1.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb2
VG Name
PV Size 1.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID 9Swm6b-9Z3E-rj53-x3QJ-lWzG-0c3g-PAuEP6
"/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "1.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb1
VG Name
PV Size 1.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID nfbg36-Xi0d-s0cW-WaLX-u820-MFWM-Y8APz2
"/dev/sdb3" is a new physical volume of "1.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb3
VG Name
PV Size 1.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID ug5Je9-d8DY-em51-0QTp-JOSr-rGvb-Rovl1r
pvs命令也可以查看物理卷
[root@yolks1 ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sdb1 lvm2 --- 1.00g 1.00g
/dev/sdb2 lvm2 --- 1.00g 1.00g
/dev/sdb3 lvm2 --- 1.00g 1.00g
3.创建物理卷组
创建并查看物理卷组
[root@yolks1 ~]# pvscan
PV /dev/sdb2 lvm2 [1.00 GiB]
PV /dev/sdb1 lvm2 [1.00 GiB]
PV /dev/sdb3 lvm2 [1.00 GiB]
Total: 3 [3.00 GiB] / in use: 0 [0 ] / in no VG: 3 [3.00 GiB]
[root@yolks1 ~]# vgcreate vg1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2
Volume group "vg1" successfully created
[root@yolks1 ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg1
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 1
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 0
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 1.99 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 510
Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0
Free PE / Size 510 / 1.99 GiB
VG UUID f0XIgn-N4a7-36Ye-LNR5-KK2K-rGVl-a5M7fj
也可以使用vgs查看卷组
[root@yolks1 ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
vg1 2 0 0 wz--n- 1.99g 1.99g
删除卷组:vgremove 卷组名
vgremove vg1
4.创建逻辑卷
[root@yolks1 ~]# lvcreate -L 100M -n lv1 vg1
Logical volume "lv1" created.
5.格式化逻辑卷
格式化ext4
[root@yolks1 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg1/lv1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
文件系统标签=
OS type: Linux
块大小=1024 (log=0)
分块大小=1024 (log=0)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
25688 inodes, 102400 blocks
5120 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=33685504
13 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
1976 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729
Allocating group tables: 完成
正在写入inode表: 完成
Creating journal (4096 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成
6.挂载
mount /dev/vg1/lv1 /mnt/
7.写入文件测试
[root@yolks1 ~]# mkdir /mnt/123qwe
[root@yolks1 ~]# echo "12345678" >> /mnt/1.txt
[root@yolks1 ~]# ls /mnt/
123qwe 1.txt lost+found
8.ext4扩容逻辑卷
先卸载
[root@yolks1 ~]# umount /dev/vg1/lv1
[root@yolks1 ~]# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/sda3 18G 1.2G 17G 7% /
devtmpfs 902M 0 902M 0% /dev
tmpfs 912M 0 912M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 912M 8.6M 904M 1% /run
tmpfs 912M 0 912M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 197M 113M 84M 58% /boot
tmpfs 183M 0 183M 0% /run/user/0
扩容逻辑卷大小
lvresize -L 200M /dev/vg1/lv1
检查磁盘是否有错误
[root@yolks1 ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/vg1/lv1
e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
第一步: 检查inode,块,和大小
第二步: 检查目录结构
第3步: 检查目录连接性
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
第5步: 检查簇概要信息
/dev/vg1/lv1: 13/25688 files (7.7% non-contiguous), 8898/102400 blocks
更新逻辑卷大小信息
[root@yolks1 ~]# resize2fs /dev/vg1/lv1
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Resizing the filesystem on /dev/vg1/lv1 to 204800 (1k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/vg1/lv1 is now 204800 blocks long.
重新挂载,查看逻辑卷大小已经变化
[root@yolks1 ~]# !mount
mount /dev/vg1/lv1 /mnt/
[root@yolks1 ~]# df -lh
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/sda3 18G 1.2G 17G 7% /
devtmpfs 902M 0 902M 0% /dev
tmpfs 912M 0 912M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 912M 8.6M 904M 1% /run
tmpfs 912M 0 912M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 197M 113M 84M 58% /boot
tmpfs 183M 0 183M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vg1-lv1 190M 1.6M 175M 1% /mnt
9.ext4缩容逻辑卷(xfs不支持)
umount卸载
[root@yolks1 ~]# !umount
umount /dev/vg1/lv1
[root@yolks1 ~]# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/sda3 18G 1.2G 17G 7% /
devtmpfs 902M 0 902M 0% /dev
tmpfs 912M 0 912M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 912M 8.6M 904M 1% /run
tmpfs 912M 0 912M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 197M 113M 84M 58% /boot
tmpfs 183M 0 183M 0% /run/user/0
检测逻辑卷
[root@yolks1 ~]# !e2fsck
e2fsck -f /dev/vg1/lv1
e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
第一步: 检查inode,块,和大小
第二步: 检查目录结构
第3步: 检查目录连接性
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
第5步: 检查簇概要信息
/dev/vg1/lv1: 13/49400 files (7.7% non-contiguous), 11886/204800 blocks
设置逻辑卷为50M
[root@yolks1 ~]# resize2fs /dev/vg1/lv1 50M
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Resizing the filesystem on /dev/vg1/lv1 to 51200 (1k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/vg1/lv1 is now 51200 blocks long.
重新设置卷大小
[root@yolks1 ~]# lvresize -L 100M /dev/vg1/lv1
WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 100.00 MiB.
THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)
Do you really want to reduce vg1/lv1? [y/n]: y
Size of logical volume vg1/lv1 changed from 200.00 MiB (50 extents) to 100.00 MiB (25 extents).
Logical volume vg1/lv1 successfully resized.
查看新的逻辑卷大小
[root@yolks1 ~]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/vg1/lv1
LV Name lv1
VG Name vg1
LV UUID 0XTELw-iDfN-YeiC-aeLf-IWZP-DdJo-fyPEXI
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time yolks1, 2018-06-20 00:30:57 +0800
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 100.00 MiB
Current LE 25
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:0
挂载
[root@yolks1 ~]# !mount
mount /dev/vg1/lv1 /mnt/
[root@yolks1 ~]# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/sda3 18G 1.2G 17G 7% /
devtmpfs 902M 0 902M 0% /dev
tmpfs 912M 0 912M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 912M 8.6M 904M 1% /run
tmpfs 912M 0 912M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 197M 113M 84M 58% /boot
tmpfs 183M 0 183M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vg1-lv1 45M 1.1M 40M 3% /mnt
10.重新格式化lv1逻辑分区为xfs
卸载
umount /mnt/
格式化为xfs格式
[root@yolks1 ~]# mkfs.xfs -f /dev/vg1/lv1
meta-data=/dev/vg1/lv1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=6400 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=25600, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=855, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
创建目录及文件测试
[root@yolks1 ~]# cd /mnt/
[root@yolks1 mnt]# ls
[root@yolks1 mnt]# touch test_create_xfs.file
[root@yolks1 mnt]# mkdir test_create
[root@yolks1 mnt]# ls
test_create test_create_xfs.file
重新设置逻辑卷大小,xfs不需要挂载卸载
[root@yolks1 mnt]# lvresize -L 300M /dev/vg1/lv1
Size of logical volume vg1/lv1 changed from 100.00 MiB (25 extents) to 300.00 MiB (75 extents).
Logical volume vg1/lv1 successfully resized.
[root@yolks1 mnt]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
lv1 vg1 -wi-a----- 300.00m
[root@yolks1 mnt]# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/sda3 18G 1.2G 17G 7% /
devtmpfs 902M 0 902M 0% /dev
tmpfs 912M 0 912M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 912M 8.6M 904M 1% /run
tmpfs 912M 0 912M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 197M 113M 84M 58% /boot
tmpfs 183M 0 183M 0% /run/user/0
让逻辑卷大小生效的命令
[root@yolks1 ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/vg1/lv1
meta-data=/dev/mapper/vg1-lv1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=6400 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=25600, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=855, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 25600 to 76800
[root@yolks1 ~]# df -lh
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/sda3 18G 1.2G 17G 7% /
devtmpfs 902M 0 902M 0% /dev
tmpfs 912M 0 912M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 912M 8.6M 904M 1% /run
tmpfs 912M 0 912M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 197M 113M 84M 58% /boot
tmpfs 183M 0 183M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vg1-lv1 297M 5.5M 292M 2% /mnt
11.扩展卷组
添加lvm卷到卷组
[root@yolks1 ~]# vgextend vg1 /dev/sdb3
Volume group "vg1" successfully extended
[root@yolks1 ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
vg1 3 1 0 wz--n- <2.99g <2.70g
磁盘故障小案例
另外一块磁盘不存在,但是配置文件/etc/fstab中又有挂载的配置,挂载出问题就导致这样的故障
-
解决方法:
- 输入root密码
- 编辑/etc/fstab文件,删除掉 /dev/sdb的行(dd命令即可删除)原因是找不到
- reboot重启即可