创建COM组件全过程

 

一.创建一个接口

struct ISimpleMsgBox : public IUnknown
{
    // IUnknown
    STDMETHOD_(ULONG, AddRef)() PURE;
    STDMETHOD_(ULONG, Release)() PURE;
    STDMETHOD(QueryInterface)(REFIID riid, void** ppv) PURE;

    // ISimpleMsgBox
    STDMETHOD(DoSimpleMsgBox)(HWND hwndParent, BSTR bsMessageText) PURE;
};

替代方案:使用idl文件定义接口,其会生成相关头文件,但可读性很差

二.声明一个C++类实现该接口

class CSimpleMsgBoxImpl : public ISimpleMsgBox  
{
public:
    CSimpleMsgBoxImpl();
    virtual ~CSimpleMsgBoxImpl();

    // IUnknown
    STDMETHOD_(ULONG, AddRef)();
    STDMETHOD_(ULONG, Release)();
    STDMETHOD(QueryInterface)(REFIID riid, void** ppv);

    // ISimpleMsgBox
    STDMETHOD(DoSimpleMsgBox)(HWND hwndParent, BSTR bsMessageText);

protected:
    ULONG m_uRefCount;
};

实现部分,只关注QueryInterface 和DoSimpleMsgBox 部分.

STDMETHODIMP CSimpleMsgBoxImpl::QueryInterface ( REFIID riid, void** ppv )
{
HRESULT hrRet = S_OK;

    TRACE(">>> SimpleMsgBoxSvr: In CSimpleMsgBoxImpl::QueryInterface()\n" );

    // Check that ppv really points to a void*.

    if ( IsBadWritePtr ( ppv, sizeof(void*) ))
        return E_POINTER;

    // Standard QI initialization - set *ppv to NULL.

    *ppv = NULL;

    // If the client is requesting an interface we support, set *ppv.

    if ( InlineIsEqualGUID ( riid, IID_IUnknown ))
        {
        *ppv = (IUnknown*) this;
        TRACE(">>> SimpleMsgBoxSvr: Client QIed for IUnknown\n" );
        }
    else if ( InlineIsEqualGUID ( riid, __uuidof(ISimpleMsgBox) ))
        {
        *ppv = (ISimpleMsgBox*) this;
        TRACE(">>> SimpleMsgBoxSvr: Client QIed for ISimpleMsgBox\n" );
        }
    else
        {
        hrRet = E_NOINTERFACE;
        TRACE(">>> SimpleMsgBoxSvr: Client QIed for unsupported interface\n" );
        }

    // If we're returning an interface pointer, AddRef() it.

    if ( S_OK == hrRet )
        {
        ((IUnknown*) *ppv)->AddRef();
        }

    return hrRet;
}

//
// ISimpleMsgBox methods

STDMETHODIMP CSimpleMsgBoxImpl::DoSimpleMsgBox ( HWND hwndParent, BSTR bsMessageText )
{
_bstr_t bsMsg = bsMessageText;
LPCTSTR szMsg = (TCHAR*) bsMsg;         // Use _bstr_t to convert the string to ANSI if necessary.

    TRACE(">>> SimpleMsgBoxSvr: In CSimpleMsgBoxImpl::DoSimpleMsgBox()\n" );

    MessageBox ( hwndParent, szMsg, _T("Simple Message Box"), MB_OK );

    return S_OK;
}

三.为接口和类指定各自指定一个GUID

使用vc++扩展方法

struct __declspec(uuid("{7D51904D-1645-4a8c-BDE0-0F4A44FC38C4}")) ISimpleMsgBox;
class  __declspec(uuid("{7D51904E-1645-4a8c-BDE0-0F4A44FC38C4}")) CSimpleMsgBoxImpl;

这样便可以使用__uuidof关键字了

__uuidof使用方法介绍

属于VC++扩展语法

class Demo
{
};
class __declspec(uuid("B372C9F6-1959-4650-960D-73F20CD479BA")) Demo; 

int main( void )
{
    CLSID clsid = __uuidof(Demo); 
}

http://baike.baidu.com/view/3883826.htm

四.创建类厂(必须创建)

每个类必须配有一个类厂,关注CreateInstance 和LockServer 方法.
CoCreateInstance方法内部会生命周期依赖这个接口

//
// IClassFactory methods

STDMETHODIMP CSimpleMsgBoxClassFactory::CreateInstance ( IUnknown* pUnkOuter,
                                                         REFIID    riid,
                                                         void**    ppv )
{
HRESULT hrRet;
CSimpleMsgBoxImpl* pMsgbox;

    TRACE(">>> SimpleMsgBoxSvr: In CSimpleMsgBoxClassFactory::CreateInstance()\n" );

    // We don't support aggregation, so pUnkOuter must be NULL.

    if ( NULL != pUnkOuter )
        return CLASS_E_NOAGGREGATION;

    // Check that ppv really points to a void*.

    if ( IsBadWritePtr ( ppv, sizeof(void*) ))
        return E_POINTER;

    *ppv = NULL;

    // Create a new COM object!

    pMsgbox = new CSimpleMsgBoxImpl;

    if ( NULL == pMsgbox )
        return E_OUTOFMEMORY;

    // QI the object for the interface the client is requesting.

    hrRet = pMsgbox->QueryInterface ( riid, ppv );

    // If the QI failed, delete the COM object since the client isn't able
    // to use it (the client doesn't have any interface pointers on the object).

    if ( FAILED(hrRet) )
        delete pMsgbox;

    return hrRet;
}

STDMETHODIMP CSimpleMsgBoxClassFactory::LockServer ( BOOL fLock )
{
    // Increase/decrease the DLL ref count, according to the fLock param.

    fLock ? g_uDllLockCount++ : g_uDllLockCount--;

    TRACE(">>> SimpleMsgBoxSvr: In CSimpleMsgBoxClassFactory::LockServer(), new DLL ref count = %d\n", g_uDllLockCount );
    
    return S_OK;
}

五.注册COM组件(手动注册）

万事俱备,现在要将其信息写入注册表,

1.实现DllRegisterServer和DllUnregisterServer方法,并将方法声明为STDAPI,表明属于导出函数

// DllRegisterServer() creates the registy entries that tells COM where our 
// server is located and its threading model.
STDAPI DllRegisterServer()
{
HKEY  hCLSIDKey = NULL, hInProcSvrKey = NULL;
LONG  lRet;
TCHAR szModulePath [MAX_PATH];
TCHAR szClassDescription[] = _T("SimpleMsgBox class");
TCHAR szThreadingModel[]   = _T("Apartment");

__try
    {
    // Create a key under CLSID for our COM server.

    lRet = RegCreateKeyEx ( HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT, _T("CLSID\\{7D51904E-1645-4a8c-BDE0-0F4A44FC38C4}"),
                            0, NULL, REG_OPTION_NON_VOLATILE, KEY_SET_VALUE | KEY_CREATE_SUB_KEY,
                            NULL, &hCLSIDKey, NULL );
    
    if ( ERROR_SUCCESS != lRet ) 
        return HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(lRet);

    // The default value of the key is a human-readable description of the coclass.

    lRet = RegSetValueEx ( hCLSIDKey, NULL, 0, REG_SZ, (const BYTE*) szClassDescription,
                           sizeof(szClassDescription) );

    if ( ERROR_SUCCESS != lRet )
        return HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(lRet);
    
    // Create the InProcServer32 key, which holds info about our coclass.

    lRet = RegCreateKeyEx ( hCLSIDKey, _T("InProcServer32"), 0, NULL, REG_OPTION_NON_VOLATILE,
                            KEY_SET_VALUE, NULL, &hInProcSvrKey, NULL );

    if ( ERROR_SUCCESS != lRet )
        return HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(lRet);

    // The default value of the InProcServer32 key holds the full path to our DLL.

    GetModuleFileName ( g_hinstThisDll, szModulePath, MAX_PATH );

    lRet = RegSetValueEx ( hInProcSvrKey, NULL, 0, REG_SZ, (const BYTE*) szModulePath, 
                           sizeof(TCHAR) * (lstrlen(szModulePath)+1) );

    if ( ERROR_SUCCESS != lRet )
        return HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(lRet);

    // The ThreadingModel value tells COM how it should handle threads in our DLL.
    // The concept of apartments is beyond the scope of this article, but for
    // simple, single-threaded DLLs, use Apartment.

    lRet = RegSetValueEx ( hInProcSvrKey, _T("ThreadingModel"), 0, REG_SZ,
                           (const BYTE*) szThreadingModel, 
                           sizeof(szThreadingModel) );

    if ( ERROR_SUCCESS != lRet )
        return HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(lRet);
    }   
__finally
    {
    if ( NULL != hCLSIDKey )
        RegCloseKey ( hCLSIDKey );

    if ( NULL != hInProcSvrKey )
        RegCloseKey ( hInProcSvrKey );
    }

    return S_OK;
}

// DllUnregisterServer() deleted the registy entries that DllRegisterServer() created.
STDAPI DllUnregisterServer()
{
    // Delete our registry entries.  Note that you must delete from the deepest
    // key and work upwards, because on NT/2K, RegDeleteKey() doesn't delete 
    // keys that have subkeys on NT/2K.

    RegDeleteKey ( HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT, _T("CLSID\\{7D51904E-1645-4a8c-BDE0-0F4A44FC38C4}\\InProcServer32") );
    RegDeleteKey ( HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT, _T("CLSID\\{7D51904E-1645-4a8c-BDE0-0F4A44FC38C4}") );

    return S_OK;
}

2.定义def文件

EXPORTS
    DllRegisterServer   PRIVATE
    DllUnregisterServer PRIVATE
    DllGetClassObject   PRIVATE
    DllCanUnloadNow     PRIVATE

3.编译通过后使用regsvr32命令,注册此dll组件

在调用此com组件之前,必须通过cmd命令注册,很重要,DllRegisterServer将会成为入口点,

六.编写DllGetClassObject

只有通过全局函数DllGetClassObject,才可以创建类厂,这个方法com类库会去调用,其会根据CLSID返回一个类工厂(一个dll可能会有多个com类)

生命周期(非常重要)：

CoCreateInstance->CoGetClassObject->DllGetClassObject->IClassFactory->CreateInstance

当理解上面流程后再看com技术内幕第七章很很有感觉

// DllGetClassObject() is called when COM needs to get a class factory.
STDAPI DllGetClassObject ( REFCLSID rclsid, REFIID riid, void** ppv )
{
HRESULT hrRet;
CSimpleMsgBoxClassFactory* pFactory;

    TRACE(">>> SimpleMsgBoxSvr: In DllGetClassObject()\n");

    // Check that the client is asking for the CSimpleMsgBoxImpl factory.

    if ( !InlineIsEqualGUID ( rclsid, __uuidof(CSimpleMsgBoxImpl) ))
        return CLASS_E_CLASSNOTAVAILABLE;

    // Check that ppv really points to a void*.

    if ( IsBadWritePtr ( ppv, sizeof(void*) ))
        return E_POINTER;

    *ppv = NULL;

    // Construct a new class factory object.

    pFactory = new CSimpleMsgBoxClassFactory;

    if ( NULL == pFactory )
        return E_OUTOFMEMORY;

    // AddRef() the factory since we're using it.

    pFactory->AddRef();

    // QI() the factory for the interface the client wants.

    hrRet = pFactory->QueryInterface ( riid, ppv );
    
    // We're done with the factory, so Release() it.

    pFactory->Release();

    return hrRet;
}

七.调用com组件

void DoMsgBoxTest(HWND hMainWnd)
{
ISimpleMsgBox* pIMsgBox;
HRESULT hr;
    hr = CoCreateInstance ( __uuidof(CSimpleMsgBoxImpl), NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
                            __uuidof(ISimpleMsgBox), (void**) &pIMsgBox );

    if ( FAILED(hr) )
        return;

    pIMsgBox->DoSimpleMsgBox ( hMainWnd, _bstr_t("Hello COM!") );

    pIMsgBox->Release();
}

以上步骤不可以省略,可以看到创建一个com组件是比较麻烦的一个流程,很容易出错

或者先常见一个类工厂

HRESULT hr;
IClassFactory *pc=NULL;
hr=::CoGetClassObject(__uuidof(CSimpleMsgBoxImpl), CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,NULL, 
    IID_IClassFactory, (void**) &pc );

例子参考：

http://www.codeproject.com/KB/COM/comintro2.aspx

http://www.vckbase.com/document/viewdoc/?id=213