习题 11:提问
print "How old are you?",
age = raw_input()
print "How tall are you?",
height = raw_input()
print "How much do you weight?",
weight = raw_input()
print "So,you're %r old,%rtall and %r heavy." %(
age,height,weight)
运行结果:
How old are you? 35
How tall are you? 6'2''
how much do you weight? 180lb
So,you're '35' old,"6'2''"tall and '180lb' heavy.
加分题:
1. raw_input 不管用户输入什么类型的都会转变成字符型
2. 另:input会根据用户输入变换相应的类型,而且如果要输入字符和字符串的时候必须要用引号包起来。
3. 自己再写一段类似格式的:
print "How many times did you go to the park?",
times = raw_input()
print "How often do you go home a week?",
fluence = raw_input()
print "What food is you favorite?",
food = raw_input()
print """So, you went the park %r times,go home %r times a week,
like %r very much."""%(times,fluence,food)
运行结果:
How many times did you go to the park? 4
How often do you go home a week? 3
What food is you favorite? fish
So, you went the park '4' times,go home '3' times a week,
like 'fish' very much.
习题 12:提示别人
y = raw_input("Name?") # Name? 起到了提示别人的作用
再练习一次习题11的内容:
age = raw_input("How old are you? ")
height = raw_input("How tall are you?")
weight = raw_input("How much do you weight?")
print "So you're %r old, %r tall and %r heavy."%(
age,height,weight)
运行结果:
How old are you? 35
How tall are you?6'2''
How much do you weight?180lb
So you're '35' old, "6'2''" tall and '180lb' heavy.
加分题:
1. 在Linux中的命令行输入pydoc raw_input 的结果是
2. pydoc 命令是文档生成工具:
python -m pydoc raw_input
S C:\Documents and Settings\jdu> python -m pydoc
pydoc - the Python documentation tool
pydoc.py <name> ...
Show text documentation on something. <name> may be the name of a
Python keyword, topic, function, module, or package, or a dotted
reference to a class or function within a module or module in a
package. If <name> contains a '\', it is used as the path to a
Python source file to document. If name is 'keywords', 'topics',
or 'modules', a listing of these things is displayed.
pydoc.py -k <keyword>
Search for a keyword in the synopsis lines of all available modules.
pydoc.py -p <port>
Start an HTTP server on the given port on the local machine.
pydoc.py -g
Pop up a graphical interface for finding and serving documentation.
pydoc.py -w <name> ...
Write out the HTML documentation for a module to a file in the current
directory. If <name> contains a '\', it is treated as a filename; if
it names a directory, documentation is written for all the contents.
PS C:\Documents and Settings\jdu>
让我们来看一个使用大部分元素的简化示例:
清单 1: 附带典型文档的模块 mymod.py
#!/usr/bin/python
"""Show off features of [pydoc] module
This is a silly module to
demonstrate docstrings
"""
__author__ = 'David Mertz'
__version__= '1.0'
__nonsense__ = 'jabberwocky'
class MyClass:
"""Demonstrate class docstrings"""
def __init__ (self, spam=1, eggs=2):
"""Set default attribute values only
Keyword arguments:
spam ― a processed meat product
eggs ― a fine breakfast for lumberjacks
"""
self.spam = spam
self.eggs = eggs
pydoc 模块利用了 Python 文档的约定,又使用了一些有关 Python 导入、继承和其它类似的实用知识。此外, pydoc 有绝对的天赋可以使自己在不同的操作模式下被使用(马上就能看到更多有关这个论点的资料)。让我们用一些时间,看看通过 OS 命令行调用的 manpage 风格的用法。
假设您已将上述模块 mymod 安装在您的系统上,但不知道它有什么用处(在示例中并不多)。您可以阅读源代码,不过更简单的方法可能是:
清单 2:获取‘manpage’风格的文档
% pydoc.py mymod
Python Library Documentation: module mymod
NAME
mymod - Show off features of [pydoc] module
FILE
/articles/scratch/cp18/mymod.py
DESCRIPTION
This is a silly module to
demonstrate docstrings
CLASSES
MyClass
class MyClass
| Demonstrate class docstrings
|
| __init__(self, spam=1, eggs=2)
| Set default attribute values only
|
| Keyword arguments:
| spam ― a processed meat product
| eggs ― a fine breakfast for lumberjacks
DATA
__author__ = 'David Mertz'
__file__ = './mymod.pyc'
__name__ = 'mymod'
__nonsense__ = 'jabberwocky'
__version__ = '1.0'
VERSION
1.0
AUTHOR
David Mertz
根据特定的平台和安装过程,上述样本可能会显示在一个允许滚屏、搜索等功能并突出显示某些关键字的文本查看器中。对于像这样简单的示例,只是比纯粹的阅读源代码好一点。但请考虑一下像下面这样简单的示例:
清单 3:检查类的继承结构
% cat mymod2.py
from mymod import MyClass
class MyClass2(MyClass):
"""Child class"""
def foo(self):
pass
% pydoc.py mymod2.MyClass2
Python Library Documentation: class MyClass2 in mymod2
class MyClass2(mymod.MyClass)
| Child class
|
| __init__(self, spam=1, eggs=2) from mymod.MyClass
|
| foo(self)
在这个快速报告中,我们可以知道 MyClass2 有 __init__() 和 foo() 方法(以及相应的参数),哪个方法是类自身实现的以及其它哪些方法是继承而来(以及被继承的类所处的位置)。
另一个美妙的类似于 manpage 的功能是用来在模块中搜索关键字的 -k 选项。例如:
清单 4:为任务定位适当的模块
% pydoc.py -k uuencode
uu - Implementation of the UUencode and UUdecode functions.
% pydoc.py uu
Python Library Documentation: module uu
NAME
uu - Implementation of the UUencode and UUdecode functions.
[...]
pydoc 除了它的命令行用法之外,还有其它四种“模式”可以显示被生成的同样的文档。
Shell 模式:在 Python 交互式 shell 中,您可以导入 pydoc 的 help() 函数,这样就能够在不离开交互式会话的情况下获得任何对象的帮助。也可以只输入一个 help 进入交互式“help 解释器”。例如:
清单 5:shell 模式下的交互式 help 解释器
#------- Interactive shell with help enhancements ------#
>>> from pydoc import help
>>> import uu
>>> help(uu.test)
Help on function test in module uu:
test()
uuencode/uudecode main program
>>> help
Welcome to Python 2.0! This is the online help utility.
[...introductory message about help shell...]
help>
Web 服务器模式:仅使用 -p 选项, pydoc 就会在 LOCALHOST 上作为一个简单的 Web 服务器自启动。您可以使用任何 Web 浏览器浏览所有已安装在现有操作系统上的模块。这个服务器的主页是一张模块列表,根据目录(并用浏览器支持的醒目色块)将它们分组。此外,您查看其文档的每个模块也广泛分布着它导入的函数、方法以及指向任何模块的链接。
HTML 生成器模式: -w 选项对于 pydoc 可以归档的任何文档都能生成 HTML 文档页面。这些页面与您在 Web 服务器模式下可能会浏览到的页面本质上是一回事,但页面是静态的,可以进行存档、传输等等。
TK 浏览器模式: -g 选项将创建一个和 xman 或 tkman 风格很相似的“图形帮助浏览器。”
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/sdk/python/charm-19/
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来自网页:http://m.douban.com/note/316798580
4. 使用pydoc 再看一下open,file,os,和sys的含义,通读了解。
习题 13:参数、 解包、变量
from sys import argv
script,first,second,third=argv
print "The script is called:",script
print "Your first variable is:",first
print "Your second variable is:",second
print "Your third variable is:",third
运行结果:
$ python ex13.py first 2nd 3rd
The script is called: ex13.py
Your first variable is: first
Your second variable is: 2nd
Your third variable is: 3rd
加分题:
习题 14:提示和传递
from sys import argv
script,user_name = argv
prompt = '>'
print "Hi %s,I'm the %s script." %(user_name,script)
print "I'd like to ask you a few questions."
print "Do you like me %s?" % user_name
like = raw_input(prompt)
print "Where do you live %s?" % user_name
lives = raw_input(prompt)
print """
Alright,so you said %r about liking me.
You live in %r. Not sure where that is.
And you have a %r computer. Nice.
"""%(likes,lives,computer)
运行结果: