python shutil模块用法实例分析_python shutil模块简单介绍

python shutil模块简单介绍

简介

shutil模块提供了大量的文件的高级操作。特别针对文件拷贝和删除，主要功能为目录和文件操作以及压缩操作。

shutil 模块方法：

copy(src, dst)

Copy data and mode bits ("cp src dst") # 复制数据和权限，相对于cp命令

The destination may be a directory. # 目标数据可以为目录

copy2(src, dst)

Copy data and all stat info ("cp -p src dst"). # 拷贝文件和状态信息

The destination may be a directory.

copyfile(src, dst) # 拷贝文件

Copy data from src to dst

copyfileobj(fsrc, fdst, length=16384) # 将文件内容拷贝到另一个文件

copy data from file-like object fsrc to file-like object fdst

copymode(src, dst) # 仅拷贝权限,内容,用户,组不变

Copy mode bits from src to dst

copystat(src, dst) # 仅拷贝状态信息

Copy all stat info (mode bits, atime, mtime, flags) from src to dst

copytree(src, dst, symlinks=False, ignore=None) # 递归复制

Recursively copy a directory tree using copy2().

get_archive_formats() # 返回支持的 压缩格式列表

Returns a list of supported formats for archiving and unarchiving.

Each element of the returned sequence is a tuple (name, description)

ignore_patterns(*patterns) # 相当于copytree

Function that can be used as copytree() ignore parameter.

Patterns is a sequence of glob-style patterns

that are used to exclude files

# 模式是一个序列，用于排除文件glob方式模式

make_archive(base_name, format, root_dir=None, base_dir=None, verbose=0, dry_run=0, owner=None, group=None, logger=None)

Create an archive file (eg. zip or tar). # 创建压缩文件

参数介绍：

base_name: 压缩包的文件名, 也可以使压缩包的路径.

format: 压缩种类

root_dir: 要压缩的文件夹路径，默认为当前路径

owner: 压缩用户，默认为当前用户

group: 组，默认为当前组

move(src, dst) # 移动文件，相对于Linux的“mv”命令

Recursively move a file or directory to another location. This is

similar to the Unix "mv" command.

register_archive_format(name, function, extra_args=None, description='')

Registers an archive format. # 返回支持的 压缩格式列表

rmtree(path, ignore_errors=False, οnerrοr=None) # 递归删除目录树

Recursively delete a directory tree.

shutil 模块使用简单示例：

创建压缩文件(shutil.make_archive)

# cat shutil_test01.py

#!/usr/bin/env python

# -*- conding:utf-8 -*-

from shutil import make_archive

import os

archive_name = os.path.expanduser(os.path.join('~', 'myarchive'))

root_dir = os.path.expanduser(os.path.join('~', '.ssh'))

make_archive(archive_name, 'gztar', root_dir)