linux下ping的C语言实现

#include < stdio.h >
#include < signal.h >
#include < arpa / inet.h >
#include < sys / types.h >
#include < sys / socket.h >
#include < unistd.h >
#include < netinet / in .h >
#include < netinet / ip.h >
#include < netinet / ip_icmp.h >
#include < netdb.h >
#include < setjmp.h >
#include < errno.h >
#define PACKET_SIZE 4096
#define MAX_WAIT_TIME 5
#define MAX_NO_PACKETS 3
char sendpacket[PACKET_SIZE];
char recvpacket[PACKET_SIZE];
int sockfd,datalen = 56 ;
int nsend = 0 ,nreceived = 0 ;
struct sockaddr_in dest_addr;
pid_t pid;
struct sockaddr_in from;
struct timeval tvrecv;
void statistics( int signo);
unsigned short cal_chksum(unsigned short * addr, int len);
int pack( int pack_no);
void send_packet( void );
void recv_packet( void );
int unpack( char * buf, int len);
void tv_sub( struct timeval * out , struct timeval * in );
void statistics( int signo)
{ printf( " \n--------------------PING statistics-------------------\n " );
printf( " %d packets transmitted, %d received , %%%d lost\n " ,nsend,nreceived,
(nsend - nreceived) / nsend * 100 );
close(sockfd);
exit( 1 );
}
/* 校验和算法 */
unsigned short cal_chksum(unsigned short * addr, int len)
{ int nleft = len;
int sum = 0 ;
unsigned short * w = addr;
unsigned short answer = 0 ;

/* 把ICMP报头二进制数据以2字节为单位累加起来 */
while (nleft > 1 )
{ sum +=* w ++ ;
nleft -= 2 ;
}
/* 若ICMP报头为奇数个字节，会剩下最后一字节。把最后一个字节视为一个2字节数据的高字节，这个2字节数据的低字节为0，继续累加 */
if ( nleft == 1 )
{ * (unsigned char * )( & answer) =* (unsigned char * )w;
sum += answer;
}
sum = (sum >> 16 ) + (sum & 0xffff );
sum += (sum >> 16 );
answer =~ sum;
return answer;
}
/* 设置ICMP报头 */
int pack( int pack_no)
{ int i,packsize;
struct icmp * icmp;
struct timeval * tval;
icmp = ( struct icmp * )sendpacket;
icmp -> icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO;
icmp -> icmp_code = 0 ;
icmp -> icmp_cksum = 0 ;
icmp -> icmp_seq = pack_no;
icmp -> icmp_id = pid;
packsize = 8 + datalen;
tval = ( struct timeval * )icmp -> icmp_data;
gettimeofday(tval,NULL); /* 记录发送时间 */
icmp -> icmp_cksum = cal_chksum( (unsigned short * )icmp,packsize); /* 校验算法 */
return packsize;
}
/* 发送三个ICMP报文 */
void send_packet()
{ int packetsize;
while ( nsend < MAX_NO_PACKETS)
{ nsend ++ ;
packetsize = pack(nsend); /* 设置ICMP报头 */
if ( sendto(sockfd,sendpacket,packetsize, 0 ,
( struct sockaddr * ) & dest_addr, sizeof (dest_addr) ) < 0 )
{ perror( " sendto error " );
continue ;
}
sleep( 1 ); /* 每隔一秒发送一个ICMP报文 */
}
}
/* 接收所有ICMP报文 */
void recv_packet()
{ int n,fromlen;
extern int errno;
signal(SIGALRM,statistics);
fromlen = sizeof (from);
while ( nreceived < nsend)
{ alarm(MAX_WAIT_TIME);
if ( (n = recvfrom(sockfd,recvpacket, sizeof (recvpacket), 0 ,
( struct sockaddr * ) & from, & fromlen)) < 0 )
{ if (errno == EINTR) continue ;
perror( " recvfrom error " );
continue ;
}
gettimeofday( & tvrecv,NULL); /* 记录接收时间 */
if (unpack(recvpacket,n) ==- 1 ) continue ;
nreceived ++ ;
}
}
/* 剥去ICMP报头 */
int unpack( char * buf, int len)
{ int i,iphdrlen;
struct ip * ip;
struct icmp * icmp;
struct timeval * tvsend;
double rtt;
ip = ( struct ip * )buf;
iphdrlen = ip -> ip_hl << 2 ; /* 求ip报头长度,即ip报头的长度标志乘4 */
icmp = ( struct icmp * )(buf + iphdrlen); /* 越过ip报头,指向ICMP报头 */
len -= iphdrlen; /* ICMP报头及ICMP数据报的总长度 */
if ( len < 8 ) /* 小于ICMP报头长度则不合理 */
{ printf( " ICMP packets\'s length is less than 8\n " );
return - 1 ;
}
/* 确保所接收的是我所发的的ICMP的回应 */
if ( (icmp -> icmp_type == ICMP_ECHOREPLY) && (icmp -> icmp_id == pid) )
{ tvsend = ( struct timeval * )icmp -> icmp_data;
tv_sub( & tvrecv,tvsend); /* 接收和发送的时间差 */
rtt = tvrecv.tv_sec * 1000 + tvrecv.tv_usec / 1000 ; /* 以毫秒为单位计算rtt */
/* 显示相关信息 */
printf( " %d byte from %s: icmp_seq=%u ttl=%d rtt=%.3f ms\n " ,
len,
inet_ntoa(from.sin_addr),
icmp -> icmp_seq,
ip -> ip_ttl,
rtt);
}
else return - 1 ;
}
main( int argc, char * argv[])
{ struct hostent * host;
struct protoent * protocol;
unsigned long inaddr = 0l ;
int waittime = MAX_WAIT_TIME;
int size = 50 * 1024 ;
if (argc < 2 )
{ printf( " usage:%s hostname/IP address\n " ,argv[ 0 ]);
exit( 1 );
}
if ( (protocol = getprotobyname( " icmp " ) ) == NULL)
{ perror( " getprotobyname " );
exit( 1 );
}
/* 生成使用ICMP的原始套接字,这种套接字只有root才能生成 */
if ( (sockfd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_RAW,protocol -> p_proto) ) < 0 )
{ perror( " socket error " );
exit( 1 );
}
/* 回收root权限,设置当前用户权限 */
setuid(getuid());
/* 扩大套接字接收缓冲区到50K这样做主要为了减小接收缓冲区溢出的
的可能性,若无意中ping一个广播地址或多播地址,将会引来大量应答 */
setsockopt(sockfd,SOL_SOCKET,SO_RCVBUF, & size, sizeof (size) );
bzero( & dest_addr, sizeof (dest_addr));
dest_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
/* 判断是主机名还是ip地址 */
if ( inaddr = inet_addr(argv[ 1 ]) == INADDR_NONE)
{ if ((host = gethostbyname(argv[ 1 ]) ) == NULL) /* 是主机名 */
{ perror( " gethostbyname error " );
exit( 1 );
}
memcpy( ( char * ) & dest_addr.sin_addr,host -> h_addr,host -> h_length);
}
else /* 是ip地址 */
memcpy( ( char * ) & dest_addr,( char * ) & inaddr,host -> h_length);
/* 获取main的进程id,用于设置ICMP的标志符 */
pid = getpid();
printf( " PING %s(%s): %d bytes data in ICMP packets.\n " ,argv[ 1 ],
inet_ntoa(dest_addr.sin_addr),datalen);
send_packet(); /* 发送所有ICMP报文 */
recv_packet(); /* 接收所有ICMP报文 */
statistics(SIGALRM); /* 进行统计 */
return 0 ;
}
/* 两个timeval结构相减 */
void tv_sub( struct timeval * out , struct timeval * in )
{ if ( ( out -> tv_usec -= in -> tv_usec) < 0 )
{ -- out -> tv_sec;
out -> tv_usec += 1000000 ;
}
out -> tv_sec -= in -> tv_sec;
}
/* ------------- The End ----------- */

仍然需要注意权限的问题，按照如下方式编译：

sudo gcc myping.c -o myping

sudo chmod u+s myping

./myping www.163.com

运行显示结果：

PING www.cn.ibm.com(121.195.178.238): 56 bytes data in ICMP packets.

64 byte from 121.195.178.238: icmp_seq=1 ttl=242 rtt=3029.000 ms

64 byte from 121.195.178.238: icmp_seq=2 ttl=242 rtt=2020.000 ms

64 byte from 121.195.178.238: icmp_seq=3 ttl=242 rtt=1010.000 ms

--------------------PING statistics-------------------

3 packets transmitted, 3 received , %0 lost