列表
1、索引:序列中的所有元素都是有编号的--从0开始递增
>>> List=['hello','Jeff']
>>> List[0]
'hello'
>>> Test='Hello'
>>> Test[0]
'H'
使用负数索引时,Python会从右边,也就是从最后1个元素开始计数。最后一个元素的位置编号是-1
>>> List=['hello','Jeff']
>>> List[-1]
'Jeff'
字符串字面值,能够直接使用索引,而不需要一个变量引用他们:
>>> 'hell'[0]
'h'
如果一个函数调用返回一个序列,那么可以直接对返回结果进行索引操作:
>>> Name=raw_input("name:")[3]
name:Jeff
>>> Name
'f'
2、分片:
分片管理通过冒号相隔的两个索引来实现:第1个索引的元素是包含在切片内,而第2个则不包含在内
优雅的捷径:
>>> numbers = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
>>> numbers[3:6]
[4, 5, 6]
从列表的结尾开始计数:
>>> numbers = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
>>> numbers[-3:-1]
[4, 5]
>>> numbers[-3:]
[4, 5, 6]
>>> numbers[:3]
[1, 2, 3]
序列相加:
>>> [1,2,3,4]+[5,6,7,8]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
序列相乘:
>>> 'python' * 5
'pythonpythonpythonpythonpython'
>>> [32] * 5
[32, 32, 32, 32, 32]
成员资格:
>>> users = ['main', 'foo', 'bar']
>>> 'foo' in users
True
>>> 'fo' in users
False
最大、最小、长度:
>>> numbers = [100,34,678]
>>> max(numbers)
678
>>> min(numbers)
34
>>> len(numbers)
3
list函数:
>>> list('hello')
['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']
元素赋值:
>>> x = [1,1,1]
>>> x[1] = 2
>>> x
[1, 2, 1]
删除元素:
>>> del x[2]
>>> x
[1, 2]
分片赋值:
>>> name = list('Perl')
>>> name
['P', 'e', 'r', 'l']
>>> name[2:]=list('ar')
>>> name
['P', 'e', 'a', 'r']
列表方法append:
>>> lst = [1,2,3]
>>> lst.append(4)
>>> lst
[1, 2, 3, 4]
列表方法count:统计元素在列表中出现的次数
>>> lst = [1,2,3,5,5]
>>> lst.count(5)
2
列表方法extend:可以在列表的末尾追加另一个列表的一个或多个值
>>> lst = [1,2,3,5 ]
>>> lst = [1,2,3,5]
>>> ex = [7,8,9]
>>> lst.extend(ex)
>>> lst
[1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9]
列表方法index:查看某个值的索引位置:
>>> user = ['jeff','lily']
>>> user.index('jeff')
0
列表方法insert:将对象插入列表中
>>> user
['jeff', 'lily']
>>> user.insert(1,'mother')
>>> user
['jeff', 'mother', 'lily']
列表方法remove:
>>> user
['jeff', 'mother', 'lily']
>>> user.remove('jeff')
>>> user
['mother', 'lily']
列表方法reverse:
>>> x = [1,2,3,4,5]
>>> x.reverse()
>>> x
[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
列表方法sort:
>>> x = [6,1,3,5,2,0]
>>> x.sort()
>>> x
[0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6]
列表高级排序cmp(),key,reverse:
>>> cmp(32,23)
1
>>> cmp(2,3)
-1
>>> cmp(10,10)
0
>>> x = [6,1,3,5,2,0]
>>> x.sort(cmp)
>>> x
[0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6]
>>> x = ['afdfj','fjkdasfjdkas', 'add','adb','acm','djfakdf']
>>> x.sort(key=len)
>>> x
['add', 'adb', 'acm', 'afdfj', 'djfakdf', 'fjkdasfjdkas']
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/maxingkong/1895960