在之前的文章“通过OpenSSL解码X509证书文件”里。讲述了怎样使用OpenSSL将证书文件解码,得到证书上下文结构体X509的方法。
以下我们接着讲述怎样通过证书上下文结构体X509,获得想要的证书项。
本文先讲述怎样获取证书的基本项,后面还有文章介绍怎样获取证书的扩展项。
以下的代码,都是假定已经通过解码证书文件、得到了证书上下文结构体X509。至于怎样使用OpenSSL解码证书文件、得到证书上下文结构体X509。请阅读之前的文章。
首先,我们看看关于证书结构体X509定义:
struct x509_st
{
X509_CINF *cert_info;
X509_ALGOR *sig_alg;
ASN1_BIT_STRING *signature;
int valid;
int references;
char *name;
CRYPTO_EX_DATA ex_data;
/* These contain copies of various extension values */
long ex_pathlen;
long ex_pcpathlen;
unsigned long ex_flags;
unsigned long ex_kusage;
unsigned long ex_xkusage;
unsigned long ex_nscert;
ASN1_OCTET_STRING *skid;
AUTHORITY_KEYID *akid;
X509_POLICY_CACHE *policy_cache;
STACK_OF(DIST_POINT) *crldp;
STACK_OF(GENERAL_NAME) *altname;
NAME_CONSTRAINTS *nc;
#ifndef OPENSSL_NO_RFC3779
STACK_OF(IPAddressFamily) *rfc3779_addr;
struct ASIdentifiers_st *rfc3779_asid;
#endif
#ifndef OPENSSL_NO_SHA
unsigned char sha1_hash[SHA_DIGEST_LENGTH];
#endif
X509_CERT_AUX *aux;
} /* X509 */;
typedef struct x509_cinf_st
{
ASN1_INTEGER *version; /* [ 0 ] default of v1 */
ASN1_INTEGER *serialNumber;
X509_ALGOR *signature;
X509_NAME *issuer;
X509_VAL *validity;
X509_NAME *subject;
X509_PUBKEY *key;
ASN1_BIT_STRING *issuerUID; /* [ 1 ] optional in v2 */
ASN1_BIT_STRING *subjectUID; /* [ 2 ] optional in v2 */
STACK_OF(X509_EXTENSION) *extensions; /* [ 3 ] optional in v3 */
ASN1_ENCODING enc;
} X509_CINF;
我们想要获取的证书基本项。有些就直接存在于这两个结构体中。
一、版本
通过解码证书文件。得到证书结构体m_pX509之后,能够通过函数X509_get_version()获取证书的版本号。
详细代码例如以下:
int ver = X509_get_version(m_pX509);
switch(ver)
{
case 0: //V1
//...
break;
case 1: //V2
//...
break;
case 2: //V3
//...
break;
default:
//Error!
break;
}
须要注意的是,0代表V1;1代表V2;2代表V3。眼下绝大多数证书都是V3版本号。
二、序列号
相同,有了m_pX509之后。调用函数X509_get_serialNumber()就可以获得证书的序列号。仅仅是该函数返回的是ASN1_INTEGER类型,须要转换后才干是我们寻常看到的十六进制表示的序列号。详细实现函数例如以下:
ULONG COpenSSLCertificate::get_SN(LPSTR lptcSN, ULONG *pulLen)
{
ULONG ulRet = CERT_ERR_OK;
ASN1_INTEGER *asn1_i = NULL;
BIGNUM *bignum = NULL;
char *serial = NULL;
if (!m_pX509)
{
return CERT_ERR_INVILIDCALL;
}
if (!pulLen)
{
return CERT_ERR_INVALIDPARAM;
}
asn1_i = X509_get_serialNumber(m_pX509);
bignum = ASN1_INTEGER_to_BN(asn1_i, NULL);
if (bignum == NULL)
{
ulRet = CERT_ERR_FAILED;
goto FREE_MEMORY;
}
serial = BN_bn2hex(bignum);
if (serial == NULL)
{
ulRet = CERT_ERR_FAILED;
goto FREE_MEMORY;
}
BN_free(bignum);
if (!lptcSN)
{
*pulLen = strlen(serial) + 1;
ulRet = CERT_ERR_OK;
goto FREE_MEMORY;
}
if (*pulLen < strlen(serial) + 1)
{
ulRet = CERT_ERR_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL;
goto FREE_MEMORY;
}
strcpy_s(lptcSN, *pulLen, serial);
*pulLen = strlen(serial);
FREE_MEMORY:
OPENSSL_free(serial);
return ulRet;
}
三、公钥算法(证书算法)
要想获取证书公钥算法。须要先调用函数X509_get_pubkey()得到公钥属性结构体,然后通过type字段来推断公钥的算法类型。
详细实现函数例如以下:
ULONG COpenSSLCertificate::get_KeyType(ULONG* pulType)
{
EVP_PKEY *pk = NULL;
stack_st_X509* chain = NULL;
X509_EXTENSION *pex = NULL;
if (!m_pX509)
{
return CERT_ERR_INVILIDCALL;
}
if (!pulType)
{
return CERT_ERR_INVALIDPARAM;
}
pk = X509_get_pubkey(m_pX509);
if (!pk)
{
return CERT_ERR_FAILED;
}
if (EVP_PKEY_RSA == pk->type)
{
*pulType = CERT_KEY_ALG_RSA;
}
else if (EVP_PKEY_EC == pk->type)
{
*pulType = CERT_KEY_ALG_ECC;
}
else if (EVP_PKEY_DSA == pk->type)
{
*pulType = CERT_KEY_ALG_DSA;
}
else if (EVP_PKEY_DH == pk->type)
{
*pulType = CERT_KEY_ALG_DH;
}
else
{
return CERT_KEY_ALG_UNKNOWN;
}
return CERT_ERR_OK;
}
眼下常见的证书算法为RSA和ECC。ECC在国内又成为SM2。SM2是国家password管理局基于椭圆算法(ECC)制定的国内非对称算法标准。
四、证书用途
证书从用途来分,分为“签名证书”和“加密证书”两大类。
“签名证书”的公钥用来验证签名,而“加密证书”的公钥则用来加密数据。我们能够通过调用X509中的ex_kusage字段来推断证书的用途,详细函数实现例如以下:
ULONG COpenSSLCertificate::get_KeyUsage(ULONG* lpUsage)
{
ULONG lKeyUsage = 0;
if (!m_pX509)
{
return CERT_ERR_INVILIDCALL;
}
if (!lpUsage)
{
return CERT_ERR_INVALIDPARAM;
}
*lpUsage = CERT_USAGE_UNKNOWN;
//X509_check_ca() MUST be called!
X509_check_ca(m_pX509);
lKeyUsage = m_pX509->ex_kusage;
if ((lKeyUsage & KU_DATA_ENCIPHERMENT) == KU_DATA_ENCIPHERMENT)
{
*lpUsage = CERT_USAGE_EXCH;<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>//加密证书
}
else if ((lKeyUsage & KU_DIGITAL_SIGNATURE) == KU_DIGITAL_SIGNATURE)
{
*lpUsage = CERT_USAGE_SIGN;<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>//签名证书
}
return CERT_ERR_OK;
}
五、签名算法
证书的签名算法。是指证书用来签名时使用的算法(包括HASH算法)。签名算法用结构体X509中sig_alg字段来表示。能够通过sig_alg的子字段algorithm返回签名算法对象。从而得到签名算法的Oid。首先。签名算法的Oid常见得定义例如以下:
/* Certificate siganture alg */
#define CERT_SIGNATURE_ALG_RSA_RSA "1.2.840.113549.1.1.1"
#define CERT_SIGNATURE_ALG_MD2RSA "1.2.840.113549.1.1.2"
#define CERT_SIGNATURE_ALG_MD4RSA "1.2.840.113549.1.1.3"
#define CERT_SIGNATURE_ALG_MD5RSA "1.2.840.113549.1.1.4"
#define CERT_SIGNATURE_ALG_SHA1RSA "1.2.840.113549.1.1.5"
#define CERT_SIGNATURE_ALG_SM3SM2 "1.2.156.10197.1.501"
获取签名算法Oid的详细实现函数例如以下:
ULONG COpenSSLCertificate::get_SignatureAlgOid(LPSTR lpscOid, ULONG *pulLen)
{
char oid[128] = {0};
ASN1_OBJECT* salg = NULL;
if (!m_pX509)
{
return CERT_ERR_INVILIDCALL;
}
if (!pulLen)
{
return CERT_ERR_INVALIDPARAM;
}
salg = m_pX509->sig_alg->algorithm;
OBJ_obj2txt(oid, 128, salg, 1);
if (!lpscOid)
{
*pulLen = strlen(oid) + 1;
return CERT_ERR_OK;
}
if (*pulLen < strlen(oid) + 1)
{
return CERT_ERR_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL;
}
strcpy_s(lpscOid, *pulLen, oid);
*pulLen = strlen(oid) + 1;
return CERT_ERR_OK;
}
因为Windows对SM2/SM3算法还未定义。所以对于ECC(SM2)证书,Windows直接显示签名算法的Oid:“1.2.156.10197.1.501”,例如以下图所看到的:
六、颁发者
关于颁发者。我们能够通过调用函数X509_get_issuer_name()获取属性。只是该函数返回的是X509_NAME类型,须要调用函数X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID()将其转化为ASCII字符形式。详细通过以下函数实现:
ULONG COpenSSLCertificate::get_Issuer(LPSTR lpValue, ULONG *pulLen)
{
int nNameLen = 512;
CHAR csCommonName[512] = {0};
X509_NAME *pCommonName = NULL;
if (!m_pX509)
{
return CERT_ERR_INVILIDCALL;
}
if (!pulLen)
{
return CERT_ERR_INVALIDPARAM;
}
pCommonName = X509_get_issuer_name(m_pX509);
if (!pCommonName)
{
return CERT_ERR_FAILED;
}
nNameLen = X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID(pCommonName, NID_commonName, csCommonName, nNameLen);
if (-1 == nNameLen)
{
return CERT_ERR_FAILED;
};
if (!lpValue)
{
*pulLen = nNameLen + 1;
return CERT_ERR_OK;
}
if (*pulLen < (ULONG)nNameLen + 1)
{
return CERT_ERR_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL;
}
strcpy_s(lpValue, *pulLen, csCommonName);
*pulLen = nNameLen;
return CERT_ERR_OK;
}
七、使用者
关于证书使用者,我们能够通过调用函数X509_get_subject_name)获取属性。相同,该函数返回的是X509_NAME类型。须要调用函数X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID()将其转化为ASCII字符形式。详细通过以下函数实现:
ULONG COpenSSLCertificate::get_SubjectName(LPSTR lpValue, ULONG *pulLen)
{
int iLen = 0;
int iSubNameLen = 0;
CHAR csSubName[1024] = {0};
CHAR csBuf[256] = {0};
X509_NAME *pSubName = NULL;
if (!m_pX509)
{
return CERT_ERR_INVILIDCALL;
}
if (!pulLen)
{
return CERT_ERR_INVALIDPARAM;
}
pSubName = X509_get_subject_name(m_pX509);
if (!pSubName)
{
return CERT_ERR_FAILED;
}
ZeroMemory(csBuf, 256);
iLen = X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID(pSubName, NID_countryName, csBuf, 256);
if (iLen > 0)
{
strcat_s(csSubName, 1024, "C=");
strcat_s(csSubName, 1024, csBuf);
strcat_s(csSubName, 1024, ", ");
}
ZeroMemory(csBuf, 256);
iLen = X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID(pSubName, NID_organizationName, csBuf, 256);
if (iLen > 0)
{
strcat_s(csSubName, 1024, "O=");
strcat_s(csSubName, 1024, csBuf);
strcat_s(csSubName, 1024, ", ");
}
ZeroMemory(csBuf, 256);
iLen = X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID(pSubName, NID_organizationalUnitName, csBuf, 256);
if (iLen > 0)
{
strcat_s(csSubName, 1024, "OU=");
strcat_s(csSubName, 1024, csBuf);
strcat_s(csSubName, 1024, ", ");
}
ZeroMemory(csBuf, 256);
iLen = X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID(pSubName, NID_commonName, csBuf, 256);
if (iLen > 0)
{
strcat_s(csSubName, 1024, "CN=");
strcat_s(csSubName, 1024, csBuf);
}
if (!lpValue)
{
*pulLen = strlen(csSubName) + 1;
return CERT_ERR_OK;
}
if (*pulLen < strlen(csSubName) + 1)
{
return CERT_ERR_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL;
}
strcpy_s(lpValue, *pulLen, csSubName);
*pulLen = strlen(csSubName);
return CERT_ERR_OK;
}
八、有效期限
要获取证书的有效期属性,须要通过调用函数X509_get_notBefore()和X509_get_notAfter()来实现。并且这两个函数返回的时间是time_t类型,须要转化为SYSTEMTIME类型。
详细实现函数例如以下:
ULONG COpenSSLCertificate::get_ValidDate(SYSTEMTIME *ptmStart, SYSTEMTIME *ptmEnd)
{
int err = 0;
ASN1_TIME *start = NULL;
ASN1_TIME *end = NULL;
time_t ttStart = {0};
time_t ttEnd = {0};
LONGLONG nLLStart = 0;
LONGLONG nLLEnd = 0;
FILETIME ftStart = {0};
FILETIME ftEnd = {0};
if (!m_pX509)
{
return CERT_ERR_INVALIDPARAM;
}
start = X509_get_notBefore(m_pX509);
end = X509_get_notAfter(m_pX509);
ttStart = ASN1_TIME_get(start, &err);
ttEnd = ASN1_TIME_get(end, &err);
nLLStart = Int32x32To64(ttStart, 10000000) + 116444736000000000;
nLLEnd = Int32x32To64(ttEnd, 10000000) + 116444736000000000;
ftStart.dwLowDateTime = (DWORD)nLLStart;
ftStart.dwHighDateTime = (DWORD)(nLLStart >> 32);
ftEnd.dwLowDateTime = (DWORD)nLLEnd;
ftEnd.dwHighDateTime = (DWORD)(nLLEnd >> 32);
FileTimeToSystemTime(&ftStart, ptmStart);
FileTimeToSystemTime(&ftEnd, ptmEnd);
return 0;
}
至此。X509证书的基本项通过OpenSLL均已解析完成!如需获取证书的扩展项或者公钥等数据。请关注兴许博文。