迪米特法则(Law of Demeter),Demeter是古希腊神话中的农业、谷物和丰收的女神,奥林匹斯十二主神之一。它的名字源于迪米特计划, 该项目是为纪念Demeter,“distribution-mother”和希腊农业女神而命名的,以表示自下而上的编程哲学。
迪米特法具体含义可以从以下几句话中理解:
- Each unit should have only limited knowledge about other units: only units "closely" related to the current unit.
- Each unit should only talk to its friends; don't talk to strangers.
- Only talk to your immediate friends.
即:
- 每个单元对其他单元的了解应该是非常有限的:只和当前单元关系密切的单元联系。
- 每个单元只和朋友讲话,而不合陌生人交谈。
- 只和你的直接朋友讲话。
我们引用例子来看一下:
//总公司员工
class Employee{
private String id;
public void setId(String id){
this.id = id;
}
public String getId(){
return id;
}
}
//分公司员工
class SubEmployee{
private String id;
public void setId(String id){
this.id = id;
}
public String getId(){
return id;
}
}
class SubCompanyManager{
public List getAllEmployee(){
List list = new ArrayList();
for(int i=0; i<100; i++){
SubEmployee emp = new SubEmployee();
//为分公司人员按顺序分配一个ID
emp.setId("分公司"+i);
list.add(emp);
}
return list;
}
}
class CompanyManager{
public List getAllEmployee(){
List list = new ArrayList();
for(int i=0; i<30; i++){
Employee emp = new Employee();
//为总公司人员按顺序分配一个ID
emp.setId("总公司"+i);
list.add(emp);
}
return list;
}
public void printAllEmployee(SubCompanyManager sub){
List list1 = sub.getAllEmployee();
for(SubEmployee e:list1){
System.out.println(e.getId());
}
List list2 = this.getAllEmployee();
for(Employee e:list2){
System.out.println(e.getId());
}
}
}
public class Client{
public static void main(String[] args){
CompanyManager e = new CompanyManager();
e.printAllEmployee(new SubCompanyManager());
}
}
修改后如下:
class SubCompanyManager{
public List<SubEmployee> getAllEmployee(){
List<SubEmployee> list = new ArrayList<SubEmployee>();
for(int i=0; i<100; i++){
SubEmployee emp = new SubEmployee();
//为分公司人员按顺序分配一个ID
emp.setId("分公司"+i);
list.add(emp);
}
return list;
}
public void printEmployee(){
List<SubEmployee> list = this.getAllEmployee();
for(SubEmployee e:list){
System.out.println(e.getId());
}
}
}
class CompanyManager{
public List<Employee> getAllEmployee(){
List<Employee> list = new ArrayList<Employee>();
for(int i=0; i<30; i++){
Employee emp = new Employee();
//为总公司人员按顺序分配一个ID
emp.setId("总公司"+i);
list.add(emp);
}
return list;
}
public void printAllEmployee(SubCompanyManager sub){
sub.printEmployee();
List<Employee> list2 = this.getAllEmployee();
for(Employee e:list2){
System.out.println(e.getId());
}
}
}
遵循迪米特法则可以降低类之间的耦合,每个类减少不必要的依赖。但是如果过度使用,会有大量的中介类,所以应该权衡利弊,不可盲目。
引用:
http://wiki.jikexueyuan.com/project/java-design-pattern-principle/principle-5.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_Demeter