MySQL数据库字符集查询和设置


　　MySQL 乱码的根源是的 MySQL 字符集设置不当的问题，本文汇总了有关查看 MySQL 字符集的命令。包括查看 MySQL 数据库服务器字符集、查看 MySQL 数据库字符集，以及数据表和字段的字符集、当前安装的 MySQL 所支持的字符集等。


　　一、查看 MySQL 数据库服务器和数据库字符集。


　　mysql> show variables like '%char%';


　　+--------------------------+-------------------------------------+------


　　| Variable_name | Value |......


　　+--------------------------+-------------------------------------+------


　　| character_set_client | utf8 |...... -- 客户端字符集


　　| character_set_connection | utf8 |......


　　| character_set_database | utf8 |...... -- 数据库字符集


　　| character_set_filesystem | binary |......


　　| character_set_results | utf8 |......


　　| character_set_server | utf8 |...... -- 服务器字符集


　　| character_set_system | utf8 |......


　　| character_sets_dir | D:\MySQL Server 5.0\share\charsets\ |......


　　+--------------------------+-------------------------------------+------


　　二、查看 MySQL 数据表(table) 的字符集。


　　mysql> show table status from sqlstudy_db like '%countries%';


　　+-----------+--------+---------+------------+------+-----------------+------


　　| Name | Engine | Version | Row_format | Rows | Collation |......


　　+-----------+--------+---------+------------+------+-----------------+------


　　| countries | InnoDB | 10 | Compact | 11 | utf8_general_ci |......


　　+-----------+--------+---------+------------+------+-----------------+------


　　三、查看 MySQL 数据列(column)的字符集。


　　mysql> show full columns from countries;


　　+----------------------+-------------+-----------------+--------


　　| Field | Type | Collation | .......


　　+----------------------+-------------+-----------------+--------


　　| countries_id | int(11) | NULL | .......


　　| countries_name | varchar(64) | utf8_general_ci | .......


　　| countries_iso_code_2 | char(2) | utf8_general_ci | .......


　　| countries_iso_code_3 | char(3) | utf8_general_ci | .......


　　| address_format_id | int(11) | NULL | .......


　　+----------------------+-------------+-----------------+--------


　　四、查看当前安装的 MySQL 所支持的字符集。


　　mysql> show charset;


　　mysql> show char set;


　　+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+


　　| Charset | Description | Default collation | Maxlen |


　　+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+


　　| big5 | Big5 Traditional Chinese | big5_chinese_ci | 2 |


　　| dec8 | DEC West European | dec8_swedish_ci | 1 |


　　| cp850 | DOS West European | cp850_general_ci | 1 |


　　| hp8 | HP West European | hp8_english_ci | 1 |


　　| koi8r | KOI8-R Relcom Russian | koi8r_general_ci | 1 |


　　| latin1 | cp1252 West European | latin1_swedish_ci | 1 |


　　| latin2 | ISO 8859-2 Central European | latin2_general_ci | 1 |


　　| swe7 | 7bit Swedish | swe7_swedish_ci | 1 |


　　| ascii | US ASCII | ascii_general_ci | 1 |


　　| ujis | EUC-JP Japanese | ujis_japanese_ci | 3 |


　　| sjis | Shift-JIS Japanese | sjis_japanese_ci | 2 |


　　| hebrew | ISO 8859-8 Hebrew | hebrew_general_ci | 1 |


　　| tis620 | TIS620 Thai | tis620_thai_ci | 1 |


　　| euckr | EUC-KR Korean | euckr_korean_ci | 2 |


　　| koi8u | KOI8-U Ukrainian | koi8u_general_ci | 1 |


　　| gb2312 | GB2312 Simplified Chinese | gb2312_chinese_ci | 2 |


　　| greek | ISO 8859-7 Greek | greek_general_ci | 1 |


　　| cp1250 | Windows Central European | cp1250_general_ci | 1 |


　　| gbk | GBK Simplified Chinese | gbk_chinese_ci | 2 |


　　| latin5 | ISO 8859-9 Turkish | latin5_turkish_ci | 1 |


　　| armscii8 | ARMSCII-8 Armenian | armscii8_general_ci | 1 |


　　| utf8 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8_general_ci | 3 |


　　| ucs2 | UCS-2 Unicode | ucs2_general_ci | 2 |


　　| cp866 | DOS Russian | cp866_general_ci | 1 |


　　| keybcs2 | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak | keybcs2_general_ci | 1 |


　　| macce | Mac Central European | macce_general_ci | 1 |


　　| macroman | Mac West European | macroman_general_ci | 1 |


　　| cp852 | DOS Central European | cp852_general_ci | 1 |


　　| latin7 | ISO 8859-13 Baltic | latin7_general_ci | 1 |


　　| cp1251 | Windows Cyrillic | cp1251_general_ci | 1 |


　　| cp1256 | Windows Arabic | cp1256_general_ci | 1 |


　　| cp1257 | Windows Baltic | cp1257_general_ci | 1 |


　　| binary | Binary pseudo charset | binary | 1 |


　　| geostd8 | GEOSTD8 Georgian | geostd8_general_ci | 1 |


　　| cp932 | SJIS for Windows Japanese | cp932_japanese_ci | 2 |


　　| eucjpms | UJIS for Windows Japanese | eucjpms_japanese_ci | 3 |


　　+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+


　　以上查看 MySQL 字符集命令，适用于 Windows & Linux。


　　1.查找MySQL的cnf文件的位置


　　find / -iname '*.cnf' -print


　　/usr/share/mysql/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf


　　/usr/share/mysql/my-large.cnf


　　/usr/share/mysql/my-small.cnf


　　/usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf


　　/usr/share/mysql/my-huge.cnf


　　/usr/share/texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf


　　/usr/share/texmf/web2c/mktex.cnf


　　/usr/share/texmf/web2c/fmtutil.cnf


　　/usr/share/texmf/tex/xmltex/xmltexfmtutil.cnf


　　/usr/share/texmf/tex/jadetex/jadefmtutil.cnf


　　/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf


　　/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-large.cnf


　　/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-small.cnf


　　/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-medium.cnf


　　/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-huge.cnf


　　2. 拷贝 small.cnf、my-medium.cnf、my-huge.cnf、my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf其中的一个到/etc下，命名为my.cnf


　　cp /usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf


　　3. 修改my.cnf


　　vi /etc/my.cnf


　　在[client]下添加


　　default-character-set=utf8


　　在[mysqld]下添加


　　default-character-set=utf8


　　4.重新启动MySQL


　　[root@bogon ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql restart


　　Shutting down MySQL [ 确定 ]


　　Starting MySQL. [ 确定 ]


　　[root@bogon ~]# mysql -u root -p


　　Enter password:


　　Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.


　　Your MySQL connection id is 1


　　Server version: 5.1.22-rc-community-log MySQL Community Edition (GPL)


　　Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.


　　5.查看字符集设置


　　mysql> show variables like 'collation_%';


　　+----------------------+-----------------+


　　| Variable_name | Value |


　　+----------------------+-----------------+


　　| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |


　　| collation_database | utf8_general_ci |


　　| collation_server | utf8_general_ci |


　　+----------------------+-----------------+


　　3 rows in set (0.02 sec)


　　mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%';


　　+--------------------------+----------------------------+


　　| Variable_name | Value |


　　+--------------------------+----------------------------+


　　| character_set_client | utf8 |


　　| character_set_connection | utf8 |


　　| character_set_database | utf8 |


　　| character_set_filesystem | binary |


　　| character_set_results | utf8 |


　　| character_set_server | utf8 |


　　| character_set_system | utf8 |


　　| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |


　　+--------------------------+----------------------------+


　　8 rows in set (0.02 sec)


　　mysql>


　　其他的一些设置方法：


　　修改数据库的字符集


　　mysql>use mydb


　　mysql>alter database mydb character set utf-8(utf8);


　　创建数据库指定数据库的字符集


　　mysql>create database mydb character set utf-8(utf8);


　　通过配置文件修改:


　　修改/var/lib/mysql/mydb/db.opt


　　default-character-set=latin1


　　default-collation=latin1_swedish_ci


　　为


　　default-character-set=utf8


　　default-collation=utf8_general_ci


　　重起MySQL:


　　[root@bogon ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql restart


　　通过MySQL命令行修改:


　　mysql> set character_set_client=utf8;


　　Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)


　　mysql> set character_set_connection=utf8;


　　Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)


　　mysql> set character_set_database=utf8;


　　Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)


　　mysql> set character_set_results=utf8;


　　Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)


　　mysql> set character_set_server=utf8;


　　Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)


　　mysql> set character_set_system=utf8;


　　Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)


　　mysql> set collation_connection=utf8;


　　Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)


　　mysql> set collation_database=utf8;


　　Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)


　　mysql> set collation_server=utf8;


　　Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)


　　查看:


　　mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%';


　　+--------------------------+----------------------------+


　　| Variable_name | Value |


　　+--------------------------+----------------------------+


　　| character_set_client | utf8 |


　　| character_set_connection | utf8 |


　　| character_set_database | utf8 |


　　| character_set_filesystem | binary |


　　| character_set_results | utf8 |


　　| character_set_server | utf8 |


　　| character_set_system | utf8 |


　　| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |


　　+--------------------------+----------------------------+


　　8 rows in set (0.03 sec)


　　mysql> show variables like 'collation_%';


　　+----------------------+-----------------+


　　| Variable_name | Value |


　　+----------------------+-----------------+


　　| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |


　　| collation_database | utf8_general_ci |


　　| collation_server | utf8_general_ci |


　　+----------------------+-----------------+


　　3 rows in set (0.04 sec)