关于icmp协议的理解以及ping命令的实现

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-11 09:04:28 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-07-11 09:04:28 发布

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文章标签：嵌入式 java python

原文链接：https://my.oschina.net/hudongliang/blog/418898

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2019独角兽企业重金招聘Python工程师标准>>>

关于icmp的概念不做过多赘述，直奔主题。因为涉及到ip报头以及icmp会送应答报文的报头，故而给出两者的表格形式：

IP报文报头

ICMP会送应答报文报头

应当注意：icmp的会送请求报文的数据区与它的应答报文的数据区是完全相同的。

#include<winsock2.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#pragma comment(lib,"ws2_32.lib")
#define ICMP_ECHO 8
#define ICMP_ECHOREPLY 0
#define ICMP_MIN 8
#define DEF_PACKET_SIZE 32
#define MAX_PACKET 1024
//构造IP报头
typedef struct iphdr
{
unsigned int h_len:4;             //4
unsigned int version:4;           //4
unsigned char tos;                //8
unsigned short total_len;         //16
unsigned short ident;             //16
unsigned short frag_and_flags;    //16
unsigned char ttl;                //8
unsigned char proto;              //8
unsigned short checksun;          //16
unsigned int sourceIP;            //32
unsigned int destIP;              //32
}IpHeader;
//构造icmp报头
typedef struct _ihdr
{
BYTE i_type;                       //8
BYTE i_code;                       //8
USHORT i_cksum;                    //16
USHORT i_id;                       //16
USHORT i_seq;                      //16
ULONG timestamp;                   //32
}IcmpHeader;

void fill_icmp_date (char* icmp_data, int datasize); //填充icmp报文
int decode_resp (char* buf, int bytes, struct sockaddr_in* from, DWORD tid); //回送请求
int ping (const char* ip, DWORD timeout); //ping命令
USHORT checksum(USHORT *buffer, int size);
int max_time(int number[],int n);
int min_time(int number[],int n);
FILE *fp;

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
printf("--------------------------------------------\n");
printf("| 程序制作者：                             |\n");
    printf("|                                          |\n");
    printf("|    某某                                |\n");
printf("--------------------------------------------\n");

if (argc != 2)
{
  printf ("参数数量不正确。请指定要ping的IP地址。\n");
  return -1;
}

printf ("ping %s with 60 bytes....\n", argv[1]);
int ret[4];
    printf("---------------------------------------------------------\n");
for(int i=4;i>0;i--)
{
  Sleep(500);
       ret[i-1] = ping (argv[1], 500);
    if (ret[i-1] >= 0)
printf("| Reply from %s: bytes=60 time=%d ttl=64   |\n",argv[1],ret[i-1]);
}
printf("---------------------------------------------------------\n");
printf("--------------------------------------------\n");
printf("| the statics of the time:                 |\n");
printf("|                                          |\n");
printf("|       maxtime=%d mintime=%d              |\n",max_time(ret,4),min_time(ret,4));
printf("--------------------------------------------\n");

//printf ("%d\n",ret);
//printf ("..............................\n");
system ("pause");
return 0;
}

USHORT checksum(USHORT *buffer, int size)
{
unsigned long cksum=0; //校验位16位，用32位容纳
while(size > 1)
{
  cksum += *buffer++;
  size -= sizeof(USHORT);
}
if(size)
{
  cksum += *(UCHAR*)buffer;
}
//高十六位与低十六位相加
cksum = (cksum >> 16) + (cksum & 0xffff);
cksum += (cksum >>16);
//返回十六位的校验码
return (USHORT)(~cksum);
}
/*
填充icmp报文

void fill_icmp_data(char* icmp_data, int datasize)
{
IcmpHeader* imcp_hdr;                                    //icmp头部
char* datapart;                                          //icmp数据部分

imcp_hdr = (IcmpHeader*)icmp_data;                       //强制转化位icmp_hdr
imcp_hdr->i_type = ICMP_ECHO;                            //icmp报文类型：回送请求
imcp_hdr->i_code = 0;                                    //进一步描述报文类型
imcp_hdr->i_id = (USHORT)GetCurrentThreadId();           //为了应答报文的拷贝
imcp_hdr->i_cksum = 0;                                   //校验码
imcp_hdr->i_seq = 0;                                     //为了应答报文的拷贝

datapart = icmp_data + sizeof(IcmpHeader);               //得到数据部分的开始指针
memset (datapart, 'E', datasize - sizeof(IcmpHeader));   //将数据部分用'E'填充
}

/*.................................................................................
解析应答报文
buf为返回数据，bytes是数据总长度，from会送icmp报文的客户机地址，tid为报文标识
......................................................................................*/
int decode_resp (char* buf, int bytes,DWORD tid)
{
//printf("here is decode_resp().....\n");
IpHeader* iphdr;           //IP报文头
IcmpHeader* icmphdr;                                     //icmp报文头
unsigned short iphdrlen;                                 //IP头长度

iphdr = (IpHeader*)buf;                                  //强制转化为IpHeader的结构体
iphdrlen = iphdr->h_len * 4;                             //单位是4字节
    //printf("ip头部：%c\n",iphdr->proto);
fp=fopen("ip_header.txt","wb");
    fwrite(buf,iphdrlen,1,fp);
fclose(fp);

if (bytes < iphdrlen + ICMP_MIN)                         //如果总长度小于IP头加上icmp头的长度，则返回-1
  return -1;                                           //

icmphdr = (IcmpHeader*)(buf + iphdrlen);                 //
if (icmphdr->i_type != ICMP_ECHOREPLY)                   //如果返回的报文类型不是ICMP_ECHOREPLY，则返回-2
  return -2;                                           //

if (icmphdr->i_id != (USHORT)tid) //匹配一对会送请求和应答报文
return -3;

int time = GetTickCount() - icmphdr->timestamp;
//printf("%d\n",time);
if (time >= 0)                                           //得到从发送回送报文到接受应答报文所用的时间
  return time;

else
  return -4;
}
/*................................................................
ip        为目的主机ip
timeout   为超时时间
.................................................................*/

int ping(const char* ip,DWORD timeout)
{
    int ret;
    WSADATA wsaData;
    if (WSAStartup (MAKEWORD(2, 1), &wsaData) != 0)          //启动winsock
       {
  ret = -100;
  return ret;

}
/*................................................................................
    dest为目标主机地址，from为本地主机地址
.................................................................................*/
     struct sockaddr_in dest, from;
      /*.................................................................................
          AF_INET指定tcpip协议，SOCK_RAW原生接口IPPROTO_ICMP使用的协议
    WSA_FLAG_OVERLAPPED表示这个套接口具备重叠io功能
    套接口建立失败返回 -2
      .......................................................................*/
     SOCKET sockRaw=WSASocket (AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP, NULL, 0, WSA_FLAG_OVERLAPPED);
     if (sockRaw == INVALID_SOCKET)
       {
  ret = -2;return ret;
    }
/*.....................................................................................
    第二个参数有三个选项SOL_SOCKET(最适用传输层协议tcp,udp),IPPROTO_IP,IPPROTO_TCP.
SO_RCVTIMEO设置一个套接口口上的接收超时值
    设置失败返回 -3
   ........................................................................................*/
int bread = setsockopt (sockRaw, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, (char*)&timeout, sizeof(timeout));
if (bread == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
  ret = -3;return ret;

}
/*........................................................
SO_RCVTIMEO设置一个套接口口上的发送超时值
设置失败返回 -4
..........................................................*/
bread = setsockopt (sockRaw, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDTIMEO, (char*)&timeout, sizeof(timeout));
if (bread == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
  ret = -4;return ret;
}
    /*........................................................
建立目标主机地址
    由于不存在通信端口的概念
故而只需添加0，无效端口。
..........................................................*/
dest.sin_family=AF_INET;
dest.sin_port=htons(0);
dest.sin_addr.s_addr=inet_addr(ip);
/*........................................................
准备发送的数据
ICMP的报文格式：
   type   code   check    标识    seq     任选
  ————————————————————————————————————————————————
| 8   | 8   | 16     | 16   |   16 | 32 |
————————————————————————————————————————————————
..........................................................*/
    int datasize=DEF_PACKET_SIZE;                            //任选数据大小32字节
char* icmp_data = NULL;                                  //icmp数据
char* recvbuf = NULL;                                    //接收缓冲区
USHORT seq_no = 0;                                       //序列号
    datasize += sizeof(IcmpHeader);                          //数据大小
char icmp_dataStack[MAX_PACKET];                         //icmp数据大小
char recvbufStack[MAX_PACKET];                           //接收栈大小
icmp_data = icmp_dataStack;
recvbuf = recvbufStack;

memset(icmp_data,0,MAX_PACKET);
fill_icmp_data(icmp_data,datasize);                        //填充icmp
/*............................................................
设置icmp数据包的一些参数
i_cksum     校验和
timestamp   时间戳
i_seq       标识
................................................................*/
((IcmpHeader*)icmp_data)->i_cksum = 0;                     //
DWORD startTime = GetTickCount();                          //
((IcmpHeader*)icmp_data)->timestamp = startTime;           //
((IcmpHeader*)icmp_data)->i_seq = seq_no++;                //
((IcmpHeader*)icmp_data)->i_cksum = checksum ((USHORT*)icmp_data, datasize);

/*.....................................................................
发送数据
如果发送超时则返回   -5
........................................................................*/

int bwrote = sendto (sockRaw, icmp_data, datasize, 0, (struct sockaddr*)&dest, sizeof(dest));
if (bwrote == SOCKET_ERROR)                                //
{
  if (WSAGetLastError() == WSAETIMEDOUT)                 //
  {
   ret = -5;return ret;

  }
}
    /*....................................................................
接收数据
如果接收超时则返回 -1
如果其他错误则返回 -6
......................................................................*/
int fromlen=sizeof(from);
bread=recvfrom (sockRaw, recvbuf, MAX_PACKET, 0, (struct sockaddr*)&from, &fromlen);
    if (bread == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
  if (WSAGetLastError() == WSAETIMEDOUT)
   {
    ret = -1;return ret;

   }
  else
  {
   ret = -6;
     return ret;
  }

}
/*....................................................................
解析返回的icmp报文，获取传输时间time
如何获取传输时间这里很巧妙：首先在构造icmp报文时，
填入发送时的程序运行时间，然后在目标主机会将这部分
数据回显，在解析报文时用当前时间减去报文里的时间就
可以的到传输时间time。
......................................................................*/
int time=decode_resp(recvbuf, bread, GetCurrentThreadId());
if(time>=0)
{
        ret=time;return ret;
}
else
{
  ret=-7;
  return ret;
}

closesocket (sockRaw);
WSACleanup ();
return ret;

}
/*....................................................................
求最大时间
......................................................................*/
int max_time(int number[],int n)
{
int temp=number[0];
for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
{
  if(temp<number[i])
   temp=number[i];
}
return temp;
}
/*....................................................................
求最小时间
......................................................................*/
int min_time(int number[],int n)
{
int temp=number[0];
for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
{
  if(temp>number[i])
   temp=number[i];
}
return temp;
}

下面是两个结构体，正是对应于ip报头和icmp报头。这种编程思想非常利于理解。对于如何传输这种结构体。博主之前也是茫然，因为编译器报错，说传输时不能强制将结构体强制转换为char *，原来有一个小技巧，传输时传送的char*,那好吧，我就先定义一个char* buff，然后将buff强制转换为结构体，按照结构体的方式赋值。然后发送时还是发送buff.接收端接收的是buff,也同样强制转换为结构体，把有用信息取出来。

//构造IP报头
typedef struct iphdr
{
unsigned int h_len:4;             //4
unsigned int version:4;           //4
unsigned char tos;                //8
unsigned short total_len;         //16
unsigned short ident;             //16
unsigned short frag_and_flags;    //16
unsigned char ttl;                //8
unsigned char proto;              //8
unsigned short checksun;          //16
unsigned int sourceIP;            //32
unsigned int destIP;              //32
}IpHeader;
//构造icmp报头
typedef struct _ihdr
{
BYTE i_type;                       //8
BYTE i_code;                       //8
USHORT i_cksum;                    //16
USHORT i_id;                       //16
USHORT i_seq;                      //16
ULONG timestamp;                   //32
}IcmpHeader;