java枚举类型高级用法_java enum枚举类的用法以及高级玩法

enum(枚举)类介绍

**java枚举类是一组预定义常量的集合，使用enum关键字声明这个类，常量名称官方建议大写 **

1.enum类基本用法

举一个常见的例子，例如星期就可以描述为一个枚举类，如下

public enum Day {

SUNDAY, MONDAY, TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY,THURSDAY, FRIDAY, SATURDAY

}

怎么调用呢，Java switch语句参数就支持enum类

public class EnumTest {

Day day;

public EnumTest(Day day) {

this.day = day;

}

public void tellItLikeItIs() {

switch (day) {

case MONDAY:

System.out.println("周一各种不在状态");

break;

case FRIDAY:

System.out.println("周五感觉还不错");

break;

case SATURDAY: case SUNDAY:

System.out.println("周末给人的感觉是最棒的");

break;

default:

System.out.println("周内感觉就那样吧。。。");

break;

}

}

public static void main(String[] args) {

EnumTest firstDay = new EnumTest(Day.MONDAY);

firstDay.tellItLikeItIs();

EnumTest thirdDay = new EnumTest(Day.WEDNESDAY);

thirdDay.tellItLikeItIs();

EnumTest fifthDay = new EnumTest(Day.FRIDAY);

fifthDay.tellItLikeItIs();

EnumTest sixthDay = new EnumTest(Day.SATURDAY);

sixthDay.tellItLikeItIs();

EnumTest seventhDay = new EnumTest(Day.SUNDAY);

seventhDay.tellItLikeItIs();

}

}

运行结果

EnumTest类运行结果.png

2.enum类和static常量区别

看了上面的例子，有些小伙伴就嗤之以鼻孔了，这没什么嘛，java静态常量也一样可以办到

public class EnumTest2 {

public static final int MONDAY= 1;

public static final int WEDNESDAY= 3;

public static final int FRIDAY= 5;

public static final int SATURDAY= 6;

public static final int SUNDAY= 7;

public void tellItLikeItIs(int day) {

switch (day) {

case 1:

System.out.println("周一各种不在状态");

break;

case 5:

System.out.println("周五感觉还不错");

break;

case 6: case 7:

System.out.println("周末给人的感觉是最棒的");

break;

default:

System.out.println("周内感觉就那样吧。。。");

break;

}

}

public static void main(String[] args) {

EnumTest2 firstDay = new EnumTest2();

firstDay.tellItLikeItIs(MONDAY);

EnumTest2 thirdDay = new EnumTest2();

thirdDay.tellItLikeItIs(WEDNESDAY);

EnumTest2 fifthDay = new EnumTest2();

fifthDay.tellItLikeItIs(FRIDAY);

EnumTest2 sixthDay = new EnumTest2();

sixthDay .tellItLikeItIs(SATURDAY);

EnumTest2 seventhDay = new EnumTest2();

seventhDay.tellItLikeItIs(SUNDAY);

}

}

在这个使用方式效果上来看是没有区别的，其实enum类的每一个枚举值也是 static final的，但是我们为什么要选择使用enum枚举类呢

1.static方式的静态变量类型不安全，我们可以在调用的时候传入其他值，导致错误

例如： seventhDay.tellItLikeItIs(999);

2.static方式的静态变量不支持属性扩展，每一个key对应一个值，而enum的每一个key可以拥有自己的属性

3.enum类自定义属性

这就是enum比static静态变量好用的地方了，可以赋予每一个枚举值若干个属性，例如

public enum Day {

MONDAY(1, "星期一", "星期一各种不在状态"),

TUESDAY(2, "星期二", "星期二依旧犯困"),

WEDNESDAY(3, "星期三", "星期三感觉半周终于过去了"),

THURSDAY(4, "星期四", "星期四期待这星期五"),

FRIDAY(5, "星期五", "星期五感觉还不错"),

SATURDAY(6, "星期六", "星期六感觉非常好"),

SUNDAY(7, "星期日", "星期日感觉周末还没过够。。。");

Day(int index, String name, String value) {

this.index = index;

this.name = name;

this.value = value;

}

private int index;

private String name;

private String value;

public int getIndex() {

return index;

}

public void setIndex(int index) {

this.index = index;

}

public String getName() {

return name;

}

public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

public String getValue() {

return value;

}

public void setValue(String value) {

this.value = value;

}

}

这次测试类就有些些变化了，更灵活了

public class EnumTest {

Day day;

public EnumTest(Day day) {

this.day = day;

}

public void tellItLikeItIs() {

switch (day) {

case MONDAY:

System.out.println(day.getName()+day.getValue());

break;

case FRIDAY:

System.out.println(day.getName()+day.getValue());

break;

case SATURDAY: case SUNDAY:

System.out.println(day.getName()+day.getValue());

break;

default:

System.out.println(day.getName()+day.getValue());

break;

}

}

public static void main(String[] args) {

EnumTest firstDay = new EnumTest(Day.MONDAY);

firstDay.tellItLikeItIs();

EnumTest thirdDay = new EnumTest(Day.WEDNESDAY);

thirdDay.tellItLikeItIs();

EnumTest fifthDay = new EnumTest(Day.FRIDAY);

fifthDay.tellItLikeItIs();

EnumTest sixthDay = new EnumTest(Day.SATURDAY);

sixthDay.tellItLikeItIs();

EnumTest seventhDay = new EnumTest(Day.SUNDAY);

seventhDay.tellItLikeItIs();

}

}

执行结果

EnumTest类运行结果.png

4.enum类高级玩法

你以为enum这样就完了么，还有更好玩的东西，每一个enum枚举值还可以拥有各自的内部方法！二话不说，上栗子

public enum Day {

MONDAY(1, "星期一", "各种不在状态"){

@Override

public Day getNext() {

return TUESDAY;

}

},

TUESDAY(2, "星期二", "依旧犯困"){

@Override

public Day getNext() {

return WEDNESDAY;

}

},

WEDNESDAY(3, "星期三", "感觉半周终于过去了"){

@Override

public Day getNext() {

return THURSDAY;

}

},

THURSDAY(4, "星期四", "期待这星期五"){

@Override

public Day getNext() {

return FRIDAY;

}

},

FRIDAY(5, "星期五", "感觉还不错"){

@Override

public Day getNext() {

return SATURDAY;

}

},

SATURDAY(6, "星期六", "感觉非常好"){

@Override

public Day getNext() {

return SUNDAY;

}

},

SUNDAY(7, "星期日", "感觉周末还没过够。。。"){

@Override

public Day getNext() {

return MONDAY;

}

};

Day(int index, String name, String value) {

this.index = index;

this.name = name;

this.value = value;

}

private int index;

private String name;

private String value;

public abstract Day getNext();

public int getIndex() {

return index;

}

public void setIndex(int index) {

this.index = index;

}

public String getName() {

return name;

}

public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

public String getValue() {

return value;

}

public void setValue(String value) {

this.value = value;

}

}

调用下看看

public class EnumTest {

Day day;

public EnumTest(Day day) {

this.day = day;

}

public void tellItLikeItIs() {

switch (day) {

case MONDAY:

System.out.println(day.getName()+day.getValue());

System.out.println(day.getName()+"的下一天是"+day.getNext().getName());

break;

case FRIDAY:

System.out.println(day.getName()+day.getValue());

System.out.println(day.getName()+"的下一天是"+day.getNext().getName());

break;

case SATURDAY: case SUNDAY:

System.out.println(day.getName()+day.getValue());

System.out.println(day.getName()+"的下一天是"+day.getNext().getName());

break;

default:

System.out.println(day.getName()+day.getValue());

System.out.println(day.getName()+"的下一天是"+day.getNext().getName());

break;

}

}

public static void main(String[] args) {

EnumTest firstDay = new EnumTest(Day.MONDAY);

firstDay.tellItLikeItIs();

EnumTest thirdDay = new EnumTest(Day.WEDNESDAY);

thirdDay.tellItLikeItIs();

EnumTest fifthDay = new EnumTest(Day.FRIDAY);

fifthDay.tellItLikeItIs();

EnumTest sixthDay = new EnumTest(Day.SATURDAY);

sixthDay.tellItLikeItIs();

EnumTest seventhDay = new EnumTest(Day.SUNDAY);

seventhDay.tellItLikeItIs();

}

}

执行结果

EnumTest类运行结果.png

5.参照文档