布局文件：

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
   android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context=".MainActivity" >
   <SurfaceView
       android:id="@+id/surface"
       android:layout_width="match_parent"
       android:layout_height="match_parent"
       android:layout_weight="1"
       />
   <LinearLayout
           android:layout_width="match_parent"
           android:layout_height="match_parent"
           android:orientation="horizontal"
           android:layout_weight="6"
       >
        <Button
           android:id="@+id/button"
           android:text="拍照"
           android:layout_width="wrap_content"
           android:layout_height="match_parent"
           android:onClick="takepictrue"
           android:layout_weight="1"
       />
        <Button
           android:id="@+id/autofocuse"
           android:text="对焦"
           android:layout_width="wrap_content"
           android:layout_height="match_parent"
           android:onClick="takepictrue"
           android:layout_weight="1"
       />           
   </LinearLayout>  
</LinearLayout>


入口文件：

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
            
    private Camera camera;
            
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        //设置全屏
        requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
        getWindow().setFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN, WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
                
        SurfaceView surfaceView=(SurfaceView) findViewById(R.id.surface);
        surfaceView.getHolder().setType(SurfaceHolder.SURFACE_TYPE_PUSH_BUFFERS);//自己不维护缓冲区，直接输出到屏幕上
        surfaceView.getHolder().setFixedSize(176, 144);//设置分辨率
        surfaceView.getHolder().setKeepScreenOn(true);//设置高亮
        surfaceView.getHolder().addCallback(new SurfaceCallback());//回调函数，通知什么时候调用
                    
    }
            
    public  void takepictrue(View v){
                
        if (camera!=null) {
            switch (v.getId()) {
            case R.id.button:
                camera.takePicture(null, null, new MyPictureCallback());
                break;
            case R.id.autofocuse:
                camera.autoFocus(null);
                break;
            }      
        }  
    }
    private final class MyPictureCallback implements PictureCallback{
        @Override
        public void onPictureTaken(byte[] data, Camera camera) {
            File file=new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(),System.currentTimeMillis()+".jpg");
            try {
                FileOutputStream os=new FileOutputStream(file);
                os.write(data);
                os.close();
                camera.startPreview();//开始预览
                        
            } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
                    
        }
                
                
    }
    private final class SurfaceCallback implements Callback{
        @Override
        public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int width,
                int height) {
            try {
                camera=Camera.open();//打开摄像头
                Camera.Parameters parameters=camera.getParameters();//得到摄像头的参数
                //System.out.println("摄像头参数："+parameters.flatten());//得到摄像头可设置的参数
                parameters.setPreviewSize(480, 320);
                parameters.setPreviewFrameRate(5);
                parameters.setPictureSize(480, 320);
                parameters.setJpegQuality(80);
                camera.setParameters(parameters);
                camera.setPreviewDisplay(holder);
                camera.startPreview();//开始预览
                        
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }      
        }
        @Override
        public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) {
                    
        }
        @Override
        public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) {
            if (camera!=null) {
                camera.release();//关闭摄像头
            }
        }  
    }
}


权限：

<!-- 照相机权限 -->
   <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA"/>
   <!-- 在SD卡中创建和删除文件权限 -->
   <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MOUNT_UNMOUNT_FILESYSTEMS"/>
   <!-- 在SD卡中写入权限-->
   <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>