Hibernate many-to-many

欢迎关注我的Github Pages: http://chendu.github.io/

Hibernate多对多(many-to-many):在操作和性能方面都不太理想,所以多对多的关系使用的比较少,实际使用最好转换成一对多的对象模型,实际上Hibernate可以帮我们创建中间关联表,转换成两个一对多的关系.

比如老师和学生是比较常见的多对多关系,我们可以创建一个中间表,用中间表去记录老师和学生之间多对多的关系.

Teacher.java

@Entity
@Table(name = "TB_TEACHER")
public class Teacher {
    private int teacherId;

    private String teacherName;

    private Set<Student> students = new HashSet<Student>();

    public Teacher(){}

    public Teacher(String teacherName){
        this.teacherName = teacherName;
    }

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
    @Column(name = "TEACHER_ID", unique = true, nullable = false)
    public int getTeacherId() {
        return teacherId;
    }

    public void setTeacherId(int teacherId) {
        this.teacherId = teacherId;
    }

    @Column(name = "TEACHER_NAME")
    public String getTeacherName() {
        return teacherName;
    }

    public void setTeacherName(String teacherName) {
        this.teacherName = teacherName;
    }

    @ManyToMany(fetch = FetchType.LAZY, cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
    @JoinTable(name = "TB_TEACHER_STUDENT", 
    joinColumns = {
            @JoinColumn(name = "TEACHER_ID", nullable = false, updatable = false) }, 
    inverseJoinColumns = {
            @JoinColumn(name = "STUDENT_ID", nullable = false, updatable = false) })
    public Set<Student> getStudents() {
        return students;
    }

    public void setStudents(Set<Student> students) {
        this.students = students;
    }

}

Student.java

@Entity
@Table(name = "TB_STUDENT")
public class Student {

    private int studentId;

    private String studentName;

    private Set<Teacher> teachers = new HashSet<Teacher>();

    public Student(){}

    public Student(String studentName){
        this.studentName = studentName;
    }

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
    @Column(name = "STUDENT_ID", unique = true, nullable = false)
    public int getStudentId() {
        return studentId;
    }

    public void setStudentId(int studentId) {
        this.studentId = studentId;
    }

    @Column(name = "STUDENT_NAME")
    public String getStudentName() {
        return studentName;
    }

    public void setStudentName(String studentName) {
        this.studentName = studentName;
    }

    @ManyToMany(fetch = FetchType.LAZY, mappedBy = "students")
    public Set<Teacher> getTeachers() {
        return teachers;
    }

    public void setTeachers(Set<Teacher> teachers) {
        this.teachers = teachers;
    }

}

通过设置Hibernate自动生成代码

hibernate.show_sql = true
hibernate.format_sql = true
hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto = create

自动生成的DDL SQL语句

CREATE TABLE `tb_teacher` (
    `TEACHER_ID` INT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    `TEACHER_NAME` VARCHAR(255) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (`TEACHER_ID`)
)
COLLATE='utf8_general_ci'
ENGINE=InnoDB;

CREATE TABLE `tb_student` (
    `STUDENT_ID` INT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    `STUDENT_NAME` VARCHAR(255) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (`STUDENT_ID`)
)
COLLATE='utf8_general_ci'
ENGINE=InnoDB;

CREATE TABLE `tb_teacher_student` (
    `TEACHER_ID` INT(11) NOT NULL,
    `STUDENT_ID` INT(11) NOT NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (`TEACHER_ID`, `STUDENT_ID`),
    INDEX `FK_9484qoyn1n7mq08lbv4q2wni0` (`STUDENT_ID`),
    CONSTRAINT `FK_9484qoyn1n7mq08lbv4q2wni0` FOREIGN KEY (`STUDENT_ID`) REFERENCES `tb_student` (`STUDENT_ID`),
    CONSTRAINT `FK_l1jwjq45c5vucjgivby1e41a5` FOREIGN KEY (`TEACHER_ID`) REFERENCES `tb_teacher` (`TEACHER_ID`)
)
COLLATE='utf8_general_ci'
ENGINE=InnoDB;

A. 测试插入操作:

Teacher teacher1 = new Teacher("teacher1");
Teacher teacher2 = new Teacher("teacher2");
Student student1 = new Student("student1");
Student student2 = new Student("student2");

student1.getTeachers().add(teacher1);
student1.getTeachers().add(teacher2);
student2.getTeachers().add(teacher1);

session.save(teacher1);
session.save(teacher2);
session.save(student1);
session.save(student2);

用上面的语句执行插入操作,后台console打印出来的SQL:

Hibernate: 
    insert 
    into
        TB_TEACHER
        (TEACHER_NAME) 
    values
        (?)
Hibernate: 
    insert 
    into
        TB_TEACHER
        (TEACHER_NAME) 
    values
        (?)
Hibernate: 
    insert 
    into
        TB_STUDENT
        (STUDENT_NAME) 
    values
        (?)
Hibernate: 
    insert 
    into
        TB_STUDENT
        (STUDENT_NAME) 
    values
        (?)

数据库中数据

TB_STUDENT

STUDENT_ID	STUDENT_NAME
1	student1
2	student2

TB_TEACHER

TEACHER_ID	TEACHER_NAME
1	teacher1
2	teacher2

TB_TEACHER_STUDENT (NULL)

B.测试插入操作:

Teacher teacher1 = new Teacher("teacher1");
Teacher teacher2 = new Teacher("teacher2");
Student student1 = new Student("student1");
Student student2 = new Student("student2");

teacher1.getStudents().add(student1);
teacher1.getStudents().add(student2);
teacher2.getStudents().add(student1);

session.save(teacher1);
session.save(teacher2);
session.save(student1);
session.save(student2);

用上面的语句执行插入操作,后台console打印出来的SQL:

Hibernate: 
    insert 
    into
        TB_TEACHER
        (TEACHER_NAME) 
    values
        (?)
Hibernate: 
    insert 
    into
        TB_STUDENT
        (STUDENT_NAME) 
    values
        (?)
Hibernate: 
    insert 
    into
        TB_STUDENT
        (STUDENT_NAME) 
    values
        (?)
Hibernate: 
    insert 
    into
        TB_TEACHER
        (TEACHER_NAME) 
    values
        (?)
Hibernate: 
    insert 
    into
        TB_TEACHER_STUDENT
        (TEACHER_ID, STUDENT_ID) 
    values
        (?, ?)
Hibernate: 
    insert 
    into
        TB_TEACHER_STUDENT
        (TEACHER_ID, STUDENT_ID) 
    values
        (?, ?)
Hibernate: 
    insert 
    into
        TB_TEACHER_STUDENT
        (TEACHER_ID, STUDENT_ID) 
    values
        (?, ?)

数据库中数据

TB_STUDENT

STUDENT_ID	STUDENT_NAME
1	student1
2	student2

TB_TEACHER

TEACHER_ID	TEACHER_NAME
1	teacher1
2	teacher2

TB_TEACHER_STUDENT

TEACHER_ID	STUDENT_ID
1	1
1	2
2	1

A 和 B操作的唯一区别是

//A
student1.getTeachers().add(teacher1);
student1.getTeachers().add(teacher2);
student2.getTeachers().add(teacher1);

//B
teacher1.getStudents().add(student1);
teacher1.getStudents().add(student2);
teacher2.getStudents().add(student1);

需要注意的是Student.java, @ManyToMany的属性mappedBy = "students"

@Entity
@Table(name = "TB_STUDENT")
public class Student {
    ...
    @ManyToMany(fetch = FetchType.LAZY, mappedBy = "students")
    public Set<Teacher> getTeachers() {
        return teachers;
    }
    ...
}

当配置了这句话的时候就不可以再配置@JoinTable和@JoinColumn等,同时Teacher就是owning side, Student就是non-owning side,就是Teacher和Student之间的关系是通过Teacher端来维护的.

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/vivine/blog/688070