hadoop学习笔记(五):java api 操作hdfs

HDFS的Java访问接口 

  1)org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem
    是一个通用的文件系统API,提供了不同文件系统的统一访问方式。
  2)org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path
    是Hadoop文件系统中统一的文件或目录描述,类似于java.io.File对本地文件系统的文件或目录描述。
  3)org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration
    读取、解析配置文件(如core-site.xml/hdfs-default.xml/hdfs-site.xml等),或添加配置的工具类
  4)org.apache.hadoop.fs.FSDataOutputStream
    对Hadoop中数据输出流的统一封装
  5)org.apache.hadoop.fs.FSDataInputStream
    对Hadoop中数据输入流的统一封装

Java访问HDFS主要编程步骤 

    1)构建Configuration对象,读取并解析相关配置文件
    Configuration conf=new Configuration();
  2)设置相关属性
    conf.set("fs.defaultFS","hdfs://1IP:9000");
  3)获取特定文件系统实例fs(以HDFS文件系统实例)
    FileSystem fs=FileSystem.get(new URI("hdfs://IP:9000"),conf,“hdfs");
  4)通过文件系统实例fs进行文件操作(以删除文件实例)
    fs.delete(new Path("/user/liuhl/someWords.txt"));

 

示例代码

1、新建mave项目:hadoop-hdfs-demo。

pom.xml如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.hadoop.demo</groupId>
    <artifactId>hadoop-hdfs-demo</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId>
            <artifactId>hadoop-common</artifactId>
            <version>2.8.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId>
            <artifactId>hadoop-client</artifactId>
            <version>2.8.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId>
            <artifactId>hadoop-hdfs</artifactId>
            <version>2.8.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId>
            <artifactId>hadoop-mapreduce-client-core</artifactId>
            <version>2.8.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId>
            <artifactId>hadoop-auth</artifactId>
            <version>2.8.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.17</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.16.10</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    
</project>

 

2、新建连接hadoop的类:ConnectHadoop 

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URI;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;

public class ConnectHadoop {
    public static FileSystem getHadoopFileSystem() {
        FileSystem fs = null;
        Configuration conf = null;
        //此时的conf不需任何设置,只需读取远程的配置文件即可
        conf = new Configuration();
        // Hadoop的用户名,master机器的登录用户
        String hdfsUserName = "root";

        URI hdfsUri = null;
        try {
            // HDFS的访问路径
            hdfsUri = new URI("hdfs://192.168.137.100:9000");
        } catch (URISyntaxException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        try {
            // 根据远程的NN节点,获取配置信息,创建HDFS对象
            fs = FileSystem.get(hdfsUri,conf,hdfsUserName);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        return fs;
    }

}
hdfs://192.168.137.100:9000,是master节点下的core-site.xml的配置

 

 

3、测试基本操作类:HadoopHdfsBaseOperation

注意:运行过程中会报以下异常,但是程序可以运行成功,所说是本地要放一个hadoop的二进制包,并且要填写HADOOP_HOME

 

 

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.*;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.IOUtils;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;

@Slf4j
public class HadoopHdfsBaseOperation {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        FileSystem fs = ConnectHadoop.getHadoopFileSystem();
        try {
            //createDir(fs);
            //deleteDir(fs);
            //renamePath(fs);
            //iteratorPath(fs,new Path("/aa"));
            //showAllConf();
            //printHdfsFileContent(fs);
            //uploadLocalFileToHdfs(fs);
            //downloadFileFromHdfs(fs);
            copyInHdfs(fs);
        }catch (Exception e){
            log.error("hdfs error,{}",e);
        }finally {
            try {
                fs.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

    }

    /**
     * 创建目录
     * @param fs
     * @return
     */
    public static void createDir(FileSystem fs){
        boolean b = false;
        Path path = new Path("/hzb");
        try {
            // even the path exist,it can also create the path.
            fs.mkdirs(path);
            log.info("mkdir success");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.error("mkdir error,{}",e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 删除path,参数true相当于rm -r
     * @param fs
     * @return
     */
    public static void deleteDir(FileSystem fs){
        boolean b = false;
        Path path = new Path("/xxxx/yyyy");
        try {
            // even the path exist,it can also create the path.
            fs.delete(path,true);
            log.info("delete dir success");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.error("delete error,{}",e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 删除path,参数true相当于rm -r
     * @param fs
     * @return
     */
    public static void renamePath(FileSystem fs){
        boolean b = false;
        Path oldPath = new Path("/xxxx");
        Path newPath = new Path("/zzzz");
        try {
            // even the path exist,it can also create the path.
            fs.rename(oldPath,newPath);
            log.info("rename path success");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.error("rename error,{}",e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 遍历文件夹及子文件
     * @param hdfs
     * @return
     */
    public static void iteratorPath(FileSystem hdfs,Path listPath){
        FileStatus[] files;
        try {
            files = hdfs.listStatus(listPath);
            // 实际上并不是每个文件夹都会有文件的。
            if(files.length == 0){
                // 如果不使用toUri(),获取的路径带URL。
                log.info("==>root dir:{}",listPath.toUri().getPath());
            }else {
                // 判断是否为文件
                for (FileStatus f : files) {
                    if (files.length == 0 || f.isFile()) {
                        log.info("==>file:{}",f.getPath().toUri().getPath());
                    } else {
                        // 是文件夹,且非空,就继续遍历
                        iteratorPath(hdfs, f.getPath());
                    }
                }
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.error("iteratorPath error,{}",e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 读取远程hadoop集群的所有配置文件信息,并以键值对打印出来
     */
    public static void showAllConf(){
        Configuration conf = new Configuration();
        conf.set("fs.defaultFS", "hdfs://192.168.137.100:9000");
        Iterator<Map.Entry<String,String>> it = conf.iterator();
        log.info("==================================================以下是远程hadoop的配置信息==============");
        while(it.hasNext()){
            Map.Entry<String,String> entry = it.next();
            log.info(entry.getKey()+"=" +entry.getValue());
        }
        log.info("==================================================以上是远程hadoop的配置信息==============");
    }

    /**
     * 将远程hdfs中的test/readme.txt内容读取并打印到console并输出到E
     */
    public static void printHdfsFileContent(FileSystem hdfs){
        try {
            FSDataInputStream is = hdfs.open(new Path("/test/readme.txt"));
            OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(new File("E:/hadooptest/readme.txt"));
            byte[] buff = new byte[1024];
            int length = 0;
            log.info("远程的/test/readme.txt内容如下:=======================》");
            while ((length = is.read(buff)) != -1) {
                System.out.println(new String(buff, 0, length));
                os.write(buff, 0, length);
                os.flush();
            }
        } catch (Exception e){
            log.error("printHdfsFileContent error,{}",e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 文件上传,将本地的E:/hadooptest/navicat.zip上传到hdfs的/aa
     * @param hdfs
     */
    public static void uploadLocalFileToHdfs(FileSystem hdfs){
        Path HDFSPath = new Path("/aa");
        Path localPath = new Path("E:/hadooptest/navicat.zip");
        // 如果上传的路径不存在会创建
        // 如果该路径文件已存在,就会覆盖
        try {
            hdfs.copyFromLocalFile(localPath,HDFSPath);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            log.error("uploadLocalFileToHdfs error,{}",e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 文件下载,将hdfs中/aa/navicat.zip文件下载到E:/hadooptest/,经过测试直接使用hdfs.copyToLocalFile下载不下来,所有用文件流来下载
     * @param hdfs
     */
    public static void downloadFileFromHdfs(FileSystem hdfs){
//        Path HDFSPath = new Path("/aa/navicat.zip");
//        Path localPath = new Path("E:/hadooptest/");
//        try {
//            log.info("====================开始下载=======================");
//            hdfs.copyToLocalFile(HDFSPath,localPath);
//            log.info("====================下载结束=======================");
//        } catch (IOException e) {
//            e.printStackTrace();
//            log.error("downloadFileFromHdfs error,{}",e);
//        }
        try {
            FSDataInputStream ifs = hdfs.open(new Path("/aa/navicat.zip"));
            OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(new File("E:/hadooptest/navicat.zip"));
            byte[] buff = new byte[1024];
            int length = 0;
            log.info("============开始下载=======================》");
            while ((length = ifs.read(buff)) != -1) {
                os.write(buff, 0, length);
                os.flush();
            }
        } catch (Exception e){
            log.error("printHdfsFileContent error,{}",e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 在hdfs内部之间复制文件
     * 使用FSDataInputStream来打开文件open(Path p)
     * 使用FSDataOutputStream开创建写到的路径create(Path p)
     * 使用 IOUtils.copyBytes(FSDataInputStream,FSDataOutputStream,int buffer,Boolean isClose)来进行具体的读写
     * 说明:
     *  1.java中使用缓冲区来加速读取文件,这里也使用了缓冲区,但是只要指定缓冲区大小即可,不必单独设置一个新的数组来接受
     *  2.最后一个布尔值表示是否使用完后关闭读写流。通常是false,如果不手动关会报错的
     * @param hdfs
     */
    public static void copyInHdfs(FileSystem hdfs){
        Path inPath = new Path("/aa/navicat.zip");
        Path outPath = new Path("/test/navicat.zip");
        FSDataInputStream hdfsIn = null;
        FSDataOutputStream hdfsOut = null;
        try {
            hdfsIn = hdfs.open(inPath);
            hdfsOut = hdfs.create(outPath);
            IOUtils.copyBytes(hdfsIn,hdfsOut,1024*1024*64,false);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.error("copyInHdfs error,{}",e);
        }
    }



}

 

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