1、安装 OpenJDK-7
在 Ubuntu 16.04 及以上版本中,按照以下方法安装可能会出错:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:openjdk-r/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install openjdk-7-jdk
OpenJDK-7 package's description: Copied from debian experimental in Primary Archive for Debian GNU/Linux.
参考 https://askubuntu.com/questio...:
-
(1)创建一个 pinning 文件,让 Linux 管理工具 apt 只需考虑对我们有用的 package.
a) 编辑文件 (未测试成功的命令: sudo vim, gksudo gedit)
sudo nano
b) 输入以下内容
Package: * Pin: release o=Debian,n=experimental Pin-Priority: -1 Package: * Pin: release o=Debian,n=sid Pin-Priority: -1 Package: openjdk-7-jdk Pin: release o=Debian,n=experimental Pin-Priority: 500 Package: openjdk-7-jre Pin: release o=Debian,n=experimental Pin-Priority: 500 Package: openjdk-7-jre-headless Pin: release o=Debian,n=experimental Pin-Priority: 500 Package: libjpeg62-turbo Pin: release o=Debian,n=sid Pin-Priority: 500 ## Ubuntu 17.10 及以前版本需要添加以下内容 Package: libfontconfig1 Pin: release o=Debian,n=sid Pin-Priority: 500 Package: fontconfig-config Pin: release o=Debian,n=sid Pin-Priority: 500
c) 保存文件
Ctrl + X -> 输入文件名 /etc/apt/preferences.d/debian
-
(2)安装 Debian keyring
sudo apt install debian-archive-keyring
注意:这种添加 Debian keyring 的方法是最简单的,但它可能不是最新的。
W: GPG error: http://cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org/debian experimental InRelease: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 8B48AD6246925553 NO_PUBKEY 7638D0442B90D010 E: The repository 'http://httpredir.debian.org/debian experimental InRelease' is not signed.
如果在步骤(4)出现以上错误信息,需要按以下方法手动添加缺少的 keys (NO_PUBKEY 8B48AD6246925553 NO_PUBKEY 7638D0442B90D010):
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 8B48AD6246925553 sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 7638D0442B90D010
-
(3)添加必要的 repository
sudo add-apt-repository 'deb http://httpredir.debian.org/debian experimental main' sudo add-apt-repository 'deb http://httpredir.debian.org/debian sid main'
Why not use a stable Debian repository? You'll run into unsatisfiable dependencies with Debian stable. The experimental (for openjdk-7) and sid (for libjpeg62-turbo, libfontconfig1, and fontconfig-config) repositories are more lenient with dependency versions.
-
(4)更新 apt 缓存
sudo apt update
-
(5)安装 openjdk-7-jdk
sudo apt install openjdk-7-jdk
-
(6)更新 java 可选项
查看已安装的 java 版本
sudo update-java-alternatives --list
激活 OpenJDK-7
sudo update-java-alternatives -s java-1.7.0-openjdk-amd64
2、配置环境变量
-
(1)查看安装路径
dpkg -L openjdk-7-jdk | grep '/bin/javac'
OpenJDK-7 安装成功后的目录位于 /usr/lib/jvm 下.
-
(2)编辑环境变量文件 (需切换至 root 用户)
gedit /etc/profile
在文件末尾添加以下配置内容,保存并退出:
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64 export JRE_HOME=${JAVA_HOME}/jre export CLASSPATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/lib:${JRE_HOME}/lib export PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:$PATH
输入以下命令使配置生效:
source /etc/profile
-
(3)验证 Java 能否工作
java -vesion
输出内容类似于此:
java version "1.7.0_161" OpenJDK Runtime Environment (IcedTea 2.6.12) (7u161-2.6.12-1) OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.161-b01, mixed mode)
-
(4)配置默认JDK
ubuntu 下默认 JDK 是 openJDK, 输入以下命令:
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/lib/java java /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0_17/bin/java 300 sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/lib/javac javac /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0_17/bin/javac 300
执行以下命令,会列出一系列 JDK 版本,其中标注有 * 的为默认 JDK:
sudo update-alternatives --config java
如果要维持当前默认JDK,直接按回车键即可;否则输入相应JDK的编号将其设置为默认版本。
3、安装 Apache-Ant
-
(1)在线安装
sudo apt-get install ant
查看是否安装成功
ant -version
-
(2)离线安装
下载并解压ant存放到system文件夹下
修改配置文件sudo gedit /etc/profile
最后添加一句
export ANT_HOME=/home/dawn/apache-ant-x.xx.x
保存关闭
source /etc/profile
查看是否安装成功
ant -version