virt-install参数详解

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最新推荐文章于 2023-10-27 00:47:21 发布

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原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/dianel/2150736

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virt-install：安装虚拟机

SYNOPSIS

virt-install [OPTION]...

DESCRIPTION

virt-install 是一个安装虚拟机的工具，支持KVM, Xen和使用"libvirt" hypervisor来管理的虚拟机容器。

支持通过VNC、SPICE图形界面和文本模式安装虚拟机。

支持通过本地或者远程NFS,HTTP,FTP或者PXE来安装虚拟机。

先来看一些例子：

Install a Fedora 13 KVM guest， with virtio accelerated disk/network, creating a new 8GB

storage file, installing from media in the hosts CDROM drive, auto launching a graphical VNC

viewer

# virt-install \

--connect qemu:///system \

--virt-type kvm \

--name demo \

--ram 500 \

--disk path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/demo.img,size=8 \

--graphics vnc \

--cdrom /dev/cdrom \

--os-variant fedora13

Install a Fedora 9 plain QEMU guest, using LVM partition, virtual networking, booting from

PXE, using VNC server/viewer

# virt-install \

--connect qemu:///system \

--name demo \

--ram 500 \

--disk path=/dev/HostVG/DemoVM \

--network network=default \

--virt-type qemu

--graphics vnc \

--os-variant fedora9

Run a Live CD image under Xen fullyvirt, in diskless environment

# virt-install \

--hvm \

--name demo \

--ram 500 \

--nodisks \

--livecd \

--graphics vnc \

--cdrom /root/fedora7live.iso

Run /usr/bin/httpd in a linux container guest (LXC). Resource usage is capped at 512 MB of

ram and 2 host cpus:

# virt-install \

--connect lxc:/// \

--name httpd_guest \

--ram 512 \

--vcpus 2 \

--init /usr/bin/httpd

Install a paravirtualized Xen guest, 500 MB of RAM, a 5 GB of disk, and Fedora Core 6 from a

web server, in text-only mode, with old style --file options:

# virt-install \

--paravirt \

--name demo \

--ram 500 \

--file /var/lib/xen/images/demo.img \

--file-size 6 \

--graphics none \

--location http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/fedora/linux/core/6/x86_64/os/

Create a guest from an existing disk image ’mydisk.img’ using defaults for the rest of the

options.

# virt-install \

--name demo

--ram 512

--disk /home/user/VMs/mydisk.img

--import

Test a custom kernel/initrd using an existing disk image, manually specifying a serial

device hooked to a PTY on the host machine.

# virt-install \

--name mykernel

--ram 512

--disk /home/user/VMs/mydisk.img

--boot kernel=/tmp/mykernel,initrd=/tmp/myinitrd,kernel_args="console=ttyS0"

--serial pty

选项：

其实大部分选项可以不用指定，至少指定--name,--ram,--disk和一些安装的参数。

-h, --help 显示命令帮助信息

--connect=URI 连接虚拟机，

xen If running on a host with the Xen kernel (checks against /proc/xen)

qemu:///system

If running on a bare metal kernel as root (needed for KVM installs)

qemu:///session

If running on a bare metal kernel as non-root

通用选项：

-n NAME, --name=NAME 指定虚拟机的名字

-r MEMORY, --ram=MEMORY 指定虚拟机的内存

--arch=ARCH 使用非本地的CPU架构，如果忽略，将本地使用主机的CPU架构

-u UUID, --uuid=UUID 为虚拟主机指定UUID，如果没有指定将会自动生成，如果指定，必须是一个32位的十六进制数

--vcpus=VCPUS[,maxvcpus=MAX][,sockets=#][,cores=#][,threads=#] 指定虚拟机的CPU个数

--cpuset=CPUSET 位虚拟机绑定物理CPU

0,2,3,5 : 使用0,2,3,5

1-5,^3,8 : 使用1,2，4,5，8

如果CPUSET是'auto',将会自动

如果此参数值为‘auto’，virt-install将使用NUMA（非一致性内存访问）数据试图自动确定一个优化的CPU定位。

--numatune=NODESET,[mode=MODE]

Tune NUMA policy for the domain process. Example invocations

--numatune 1,2,3,4-7

--numatune \"1-3,5\",mode=preferred

Specifies the numa nodes to allocate memory from. This has the same syntax as "--cpuset"

option. mode can be one of ’interleave’, ’preferred’, or ’strict’ (the default). See ’man

8 numactl’ for information about each mode.

The nodeset string must use escaped-quotes if specifying any other option.

--cpu MODEL[,+feature][,-feature][,match=MATCH][,vendor=VENDOR]

Configure the CPU model and CPU features exposed to the guest. The only required value is

MODEL, which is a valid CPU model as listed in libvirt’s cpu_map.xml file.

Specific CPU features can be specified in a number of ways: using one of libvirt’s feature

policy values force, require, optional, disable, or forbid, or with the shorthand

’+feature’ and ’-feature’, which equal ’force=feature’ and ’disable=feature’ respectively

Some examples:

--cpu core2duo,+x2apic,disable=vmx

Expose the core2duo CPU model, force enable x2apic, but do not expose vmx

--cpu host

Expose the host CPUs configuration to the guest. This enables the guest to take

advantage of many of the host CPUs features (better performance), but may cause issues

if migrating the guest to a host without an identical CPU.

--description

Human readable text description of the virtual machine. This will be stored in the guests

XML configuration for access by other applications.

--security type=TYPE[,label=LABEL][,relabel=yes|no]

Configure domain security driver settings. Type can be either ’static’ or ’dynamic’.

’static’ configuration requires a security LABEL. Specifying LABEL without TYPE implies

static configuration. To have libvirt automatically apply your static label, you must

specify relabel=yes.

Installation Method options

-c CDROM, --cdrom=CDROM

File or device use as a virtual CD-ROM device for fully virtualized guests. It can be

path to an ISO image, or to a CDROM device. It can also be a URL from which to

fetch/access a minimal boot ISO image. The URLs take the same format as described for the

"--location" argument. If a cdrom has been specified via the "--disk" option, and neither

"--cdrom" nor any other install option is specified, the "--disk" cdrom is used as the

install media.

-l LOCATION, --location=LOCATION

Distribution tree installtion source. virt-install can recognize certain distribution

trees and fetches a bootable kernel/initrd pair to launch the install.

With libvirt 0.9.4 or later, network URL installs work for remote connections. virt-

install will download kernel/initrd to the local machine, and then upload the media to the

remote host. This option requires the URL to be accessible by both the local and remote

host.

The "LOCATION" can take one of the following forms:

DIRECTORY

Path to a local directory containing an installable distribution image

nfs:host:/path or nfs://host/path

An NFS server location containing an installable distribution image

http://host/path

An HTTP server location containing an installable distribution image

ftp://host/path

An FTP server location containing an installable distribution image

Some distro specific url samples:

Fedora/Red Hat Based

http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/releases/10/Fedora/i386/os/

Debian/Ubuntu

http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/dists/etch/main/installer-amd64/

Suse

http://download.opensuse.org/distribution/11.0/repo/oss/

Mandriva

ftp://ftp.uwsg.indiana.edu/linux/mandrake/official/2009.0/i586/

--pxe

Use the PXE boot protocol to load the initial ramdisk and kernel for starting the guest

installation process.

--import

Skip the OS installation process, and build a guest around an existing disk image. The

device used for booting is the first device specified via "--disk" or "--filesystem".

--init=INITPATH

Path to a binary that the container guest will init. If a root "--filesystem" is has been

specified, virt-install will default to /sbin/init, otherwise will default to /bin/sh.

--livecd

Specify that the installation media is a live CD and thus the guest needs to be configured

to boot off the CDROM device permanently. It may be desirable to also use the "--nodisks"

flag in combination.

-x EXTRA, --extra-args=EXTRA

Additional kernel command line arguments to pass to the installer when performing a guest

install from "--location". One common usage is specifying an anaconda kickstart file for

automated installs, such as --extra-args "ks=http://myserver/my.ks"

--initrd-inject=PATH

Add PATH to the root of the initrd fetched with "--location". This can be used to run an

automated install without requiring a network hosted kickstart file:

--initrd-inject=/path/to/my.ks --extra-args "ks=file:/my.ks"

--os-type=OS_TYPE

Optimize the guest configuration for a type of operating system (ex. ’linux’, ’windows’).

This will attempt to pick the most suitable ACPI & APIC settings, optimally supported

mouse drivers, virtio, and generally accommodate other operating system quirks.

By default, virt-install will attempt to auto detect this value from the install media

(currently only supported for URL installs). Autodetection can be disabled with the

special value ’none’

See "--os-variant" for valid options.

--os-variant=OS_VARIANT

Further optimize the guest configuration for a specific operating system variant (ex.

’fedora8’, ’winxp’). This parameter is optional, and does not require an "--os-type" to be

specified.

By default, virt-install will attempt to auto detect this value from the install media

(currently only supported for URL installs). Autodetection can be disabled with the

special value ’none’.

If the special value ’list’ is passed, virt-install will print the full list of variant

values and exit. The printed format is not a stable interface, DO NOT PARSE IT.

If the special value ’none’ is passed, no os variant is recorded and OS autodetection is

disabled.

Values for some recent OS options are:

win7 : Microsoft Windows 7 and later

vista : Microsoft Windows Vista

winxp64 : Microsoft Windows XP (x86_64)

winxp : Microsoft Windows XP

win2k8 : Microsoft Windows Server 2008 and later

win2k3 : Microsoft Windows Server 2003

freebsd8 : FreeBSD 8.x and later

generic : Generic

debianwheezy : Debian Wheezy and later

debiansqueeze : Debian Squeeze

debianlenny : Debian Lenny

fedora18 : Fedora 18 and later

fedora17 : Fedora 17

fedora16 : Fedora 16

fedora15 : Fedora 15

mageia1 : Mageia 1 and later

mes5.1 : Mandriva Enterprise Server 5.1 and later

rhel6 : Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6

rhel5.4 : Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.4 or later

rhel4 : Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4

sles11 : Suse Linux Enterprise Server 11 and later

sles10 : Suse Linux Enterprise Server

opensuse12 : openSuse 12 and later

opensuse11 : openSuse 11

ubuntuquantal : Ubuntu 12.10 (Quantal Quetzal) and later

ubuntuprecise : Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (Precise Pangolin)

ubuntuoneiric : Ubuntu 11.10 (Oneiric Ocelot)

ubuntunatty : Ubuntu 11.04 (Natty Narwhal)

ubuntulucid : Ubuntu 10.04 LTS (Lucid Lynx)

ubuntuhardy : Ubuntu 8.04 LTS (Hardy Heron)

Use ’--os-variant list’ to see the full OS list

--boot=BOOTOPTS

Optionally specify the post-install VM boot configuration. This option allows specifying a

boot device order, permanently booting off kernel/initrd with option kernel arguments, and

enabling a BIOS boot menu (requires libvirt 0.8.3 or later)

--boot can be specified in addition to other install options (such as --location, --cdrom,

etc.) or can be specified on it’s own. In the latter case, behavior is similar to the

--import install option: there is no ’install’ phase, the guest is just created and

launched as specified.

Some examples:

--boot cdrom,fd,hd,network,menu=on

Set the boot device priority as first cdrom, first floppy, first harddisk, network PXE

boot. Additionally enable BIOS boot menu prompt.

--boot kernel=KERNEL,initrd=INITRD,kernel_args="console=/dev/ttyS0"

Have guest permanently boot off a local kernel/initrd pair, with the specified kernel

options.

Storage Configuration

--disk=DISKOPTS

Specifies media to use as storage for the guest, with various options. The general format

of a disk string is

--disk opt1=val1,opt2=val2,...

To specify media, the command can either be:

--disk /some/storage/path,opt1=val1

or explicitly specify one of the following arguments:

path

A path to some storage media to use, existing or not. Existing media can be a file or

block device. If installing on a remote host, the existing media must be shared as a

libvirt storage volume.

Specifying a non-existent path implies attempting to create the new storage, and will

require specifyng a ’size’ value. If the base directory of the path is a libvirt

storage pool on the host, the new storage will be created as a libvirt storage volume.

For remote hosts, the base directory is required to be a storage pool if using this

method.

pool

An existing libvirt storage pool name to create new storage on. Requires specifying a

’size’ value.

vol An existing libvirt storage volume to use. This is specified as ’poolname/volname’.

Other available options:

device

Disk device type. Value can be ’cdrom’, ’disk’, ’lun’ or ’floppy’. Default is ’disk’.

If a ’cdrom’ is specified, and no install method is chosen, the cdrom is used as the

install media.

bus Disk bus type. Value can be ’ide’, ’scsi’, ’usb’, ’virtio’ or ’xen’. The default is

hypervisor dependent since not all hypervisors support all bus types.

perms

Disk permissions. Value can be ’rw’ (Read/Write), ’ro’ (Readonly), or ’sh’ (Shared

Read/Write). Default is ’rw’

size

size (in GB) to use if creating new storage

sparse

whether to skip fully allocating newly created storage. Value is ’true’ or ’false’.

Default is ’true’ (do not fully allocate) unless it isn’t supported by the underlying

storage type.

The initial time taken to fully-allocate the guest virtual disk (sparse=false) will be

usually balanced by faster install times inside the guest. Thus use of this option is

recommended to ensure consistently high performance and to avoid I/O errors in the

guest should the host filesystem fill up.

cache

The cache mode to be used. The host pagecache provides cache memory. The cache value

can be ’none’, ’writethrough’, or ’writeback’. ’writethrough’ provides read caching.

’writeback’ provides read and write caching.

format

Image format to be used if creating managed storage. For file volumes, this can be

’raw’, ’qcow2’, ’vmdk’, etc. See format types in <http://libvirt.org/storage.html> for

possible values. This is often mapped to the driver_type value as well.

With libvirt 0.8.3 and later, this option should be specified if reusing an existing

disk image, since libvirt does not autodetect storage format as it is a potential

security issue. For example, if reusing an existing qcow2 image, you will want to

specify format=qcow2, otherwise the hypervisor may not be able to read your disk

image.

driver_name

Driver name the hypervisor should use when accessing the specified storage. Typically

does not need to be set by the user.

driver_type

Driver format/type the hypervisor should use when accessing the specified storage.

Typically does not need to be set by the user.

io Disk IO backend. Can be either "threads" or "native".

error_policy

How guest should react if a write error is encountered. Can be one of "stop", "none",

or "enospace"

serial

Serial number of the emulated disk device. This is used in linux guests to set

/dev/disk/by-id symlinks. An example serial number might be: WD-WMAP9A966149

startup_policy

It defines what to do with the disk if the source file is not accessible. See

possible values in <http://www.libvirt.org/formatdomain.html#elementsDisks>

See the examples section for some uses. This option deprecates "--file", "--file-size",

and "--nonsparse".

--filesystem

Specifies a directory on the host to export to the guest. The most simple invocation is:

--filesystem /source/on/host,/target/point/in/guest

Which will work for recent QEMU and linux guest OS or LXC containers. For QEMU, the target

point is just a mounting hint in sysfs, so will not be automatically mounted.

The following explicit options can be specified:

type

The type or the source directory. Valid values are ’mount’ (the default) or ’template’

for OpenVZ templates.

mode

The access mode for the source directory from the guest OS. Only used with QEMU and

type=mount. Valid modes are ’passthrough’ (the default), ’mapped’, or ’squash’. See

libvirt domain XML documentation for more info.

source

The directory on the host to share.

target

The mount location to use in the guest.

--nodisks

Request a virtual machine without any local disk storage, typically used for running ’Live

CD’ images or installing to network storage (iSCSI or NFS root).

-f DISKFILE, --file=DISKFILE

This option is deprecated in favor of "--disk path=DISKFILE".

-s DISKSIZE, --file-size=DISKSIZE

This option is deprecated in favor of "--disk ...,size=DISKSIZE,..."

--nonsparse

This option is deprecated in favor of "--disk ...,sparse=false,..."

Networking Configuration

-w NETWORK, --network=NETWORK,opt1=val1,opt2=val2

Connect the guest to the host network. The value for "NETWORK" can take one of 4 formats:

bridge=BRIDGE

Connect to a bridge device in the host called "BRIDGE". Use this option if the host

has static networking config & the guest requires full outbound and inbound

connectivity to/from the LAN. Also use this if live migration will be used with this

guest.

network=NAME

Connect to a virtual network in the host called "NAME". Virtual networks can be

listed, created, deleted using the "virsh" command line tool. In an unmodified install

of "libvirt" there is usually a virtual network with a name of "default". Use a

virtual network if the host has dynamic networking (eg NetworkManager), or using

wireless. The guest will be NATed to the LAN by whichever connection is active.

type=direct,source=IFACE[,source_mode=MODE]

Direct connect to host interface IFACE using macvtap.

user

Connect to the LAN using SLIRP. Only use this if running a QEMU guest as an

unprivileged user. This provides a very limited form of NAT.

If this option is omitted a single NIC will be created in the guest. If there is a bridge

device in the host with a physical interface enslaved, that will be used for connectivity.

Failing that, the virtual network called "default" will be used. This option can be

specified multiple times to setup more than one NIC.

Other available options are:

model

Network device model as seen by the guest. Value can be any nic model supported by the

hypervisor, e.g.: ’e1000’, ’rtl8139’, ’virtio’, ...

mac Fixed MAC address for the guest; If this parameter is omitted, or the value "RANDOM"

is specified a suitable address will be randomly generated. For Xen virtual machines

it is required that the first 3 pairs in the MAC address be the sequence ’00:16:3e’,

while for QEMU or KVM virtual machines it must be ’52:54:00’.

--nonetworks

Request a virtual machine without any network interfaces.

-b BRIDGE, --bridge=BRIDGE

This parameter is deprecated in favour of "--network bridge=bridge_name".

-m MAC, --mac=MAC

This parameter is deprecated in favour of "--network NETWORK,mac=12:34..."

Graphics Configuration

If no graphics option is specified, "virt-install" will default to ’--graphics vnc’ if the

DISPLAY environment variable is set, otherwise ’--graphics none’ is used.

--graphics TYPE,opt1=arg1,opt2=arg2,...

Specifies the graphical display configuration. This does not configure any virtual

hardware, just how the guest’s graphical display can be accessed. Typically the user does

not need to specify this option, virt-install will try and choose a useful default, and

launch a suitable connection.

General format of a graphical string is

--graphics TYPE,opt1=arg1,opt2=arg2,...

For example:

--graphics vnc,password=foobar

The supported options are:

type

The display type. This is one of:

vnc

Setup a virtual console in the guest and export it as a VNC server in the host. Unless

the "port" parameter is also provided, the VNC server will run on the first free port

number at 5900 or above. The actual VNC display allocated can be obtained using the

"vncdisplay" command to "virsh" (or virt-viewer(1) can be used which handles this

detail for the use).

spice

Export the guest’s console using the Spice protocol. Spice allows advanced features

like audio and USB device streaming, as well as improved graphical performance.

Using spice graphic type will work as if those arguments were given:

--video qxl --channel spicevmc

none

No graphical console will be allocated for the guest. Fully virtualized guests (Xen FV

or QEmu/KVM) will need to have a text console configured on the first serial port in

the guest (this can be done via the --extra-args option). Xen PV will set this up

automatically. The command ’virsh console NAME’ can be used to connect to the serial

device.

port

Request a permanent, statically assigned port number for the guest console. This is

used by ’vnc’ and ’spice’

tlsport

Specify the spice tlsport.

listen

Address to listen on for VNC/Spice connections. Default is typically 127.0.0.1

(localhost only), but some hypervisors allow changing this globally (for example, the

qemu driver default can be changed in /etc/libvirt/qemu.conf). Use 0.0.0.0 to allow

access from other machines. This is use by ’vnc’ and ’spice’

keymap

Request that the virtual VNC console be configured to run with a specific keyboard

layout. If the special value ’local’ is specified, virt-install will attempt to

configure to use the same keymap as the local system. A value of ’none’ specifically

defers to the hypervisor. Default behavior is hypervisor specific, but typically is

the same as ’local’. This is used by ’vnc’

password

Request a VNC password, required at connection time. Beware, this info may end up in

virt-install log files, so don’t use an important password. This is used by ’vnc’ and

’spice’

passwordvalidto

Set an expiration date for password. After the date/time has passed, all new graphical

connections are denyed until a new password is set. This is used by ’vnc’ and ’spice’

The format for this value is YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS, for example 2011-04-01T14:30:15

--vnc

This option is deprecated in favor of "--graphics vnc,..."

--vncport=VNCPORT

This option is deprecated in favor of "--graphics vnc,port=PORT,..."

--vnclisten=VNCLISTEN

This option is deprecated in favor of "--graphics vnc,listen=LISTEN,..."

-k KEYMAP, --keymap=KEYMAP

This option is deprecated in favor of "--graphics vnc,keymap=KEYMAP,..."

--nographics

This option is deprecated in favor of "--graphics none"

--noautoconsole

Don’t automatically try to connect to the guest console. The default behaviour is to

launch a VNC client to display the graphical console, or to run the "virsh" "console"

command to display the text console. Use of this parameter will disable this behaviour.

Virtualization Type options

Options to override the default virtualization type choices.

-v, --hvm

Request the use of full virtualization, if both para & full virtualization are available

on the host. This parameter may not be available if connecting to a Xen hypervisor on a

machine without hardware virtualization support. This parameter is implied if connecting

to a QEMU based hypervisor.

-p, --paravirt

This guest should be a paravirtualized guest. If the host supports both para & full

virtualization, and neither this parameter nor the "--hvm" are specified, this will be

assumed.

--container

This guest should be a container type guest. This option is only required if the

hypervisor supports other guest types as well (so for example this option is the default

behavior for LXC and OpenVZ, but is provided for completeness).

--virt-type

The hypervisor to install on. Example choices are kvm, qemu, xen, or kqemu. Availabile

options are listed via ’virsh capabilities’ in the <domain> tags.

--accelerate

Prefer KVM or KQEMU (in that order) if installing a QEMU guest. This behavior is now the

default, and this option is deprecated. To install a plain QEMU guest, use ’--virt-type

qemu’

--noapic

Force disable APIC for the guest.

--noacpi

Force disable ACPI for the guest.

Device Options

--host-device=HOSTDEV

Attach a physical host device to the guest. Some example values for HOSTDEV:

--host-device pci_0000_00_1b_0

A node device name via libvirt, as shown by ’virsh nodedev-list’

--host-device 001.003

USB by bus, device (via lsusb).

--host-device 0x1234:0x5678

USB by vendor, product (via lsusb).

--host-device 1f.01.02

PCI device (via lspci).

--soundhw MODEL

Attach a virtual audio device to the guest. MODEL specifies the emulated sound card model.

Possible values are ich6, ac97, es1370, sb16, pcspk, or default. ’default’ will be AC97 if

the hypervisor supports it, otherwise it will be ES1370.

This deprecates the old boolean --sound model (which still works the same as a single

’--soundhw default’)

--watchdog MODEL[,action=ACTION]

Attach a virtual hardware watchdog device to the guest. This requires a daemon and device

driver in the guest. The watchdog fires a signal when the virtual machine appears to hung.

ACTION specifies what libvirt will do when the watchdog fires. Values are

reset

Forcefully reset the guest (the default)

poweroff

Forcefully power off the guest

pause

Pause the guest

none

Do nothing

shutdown

Gracefully shutdown the guest (not recommended, since a hung guest probably won’t

respond to a graceful shutdown)

MODEL is the emulated device model: either i6300esb (the default) or ib700. Some

examples:

Use the recommended settings:

--watchdog default

Use the i6300esb with the ’poweroff’ action

--watchdog i6300esb,action=poweroff

--parallel=CHAROPTS

--serial=CHAROPTS

Specifies a serial device to attach to the guest, with various options. The general format

of a serial string is

--serial type,opt1=val1,opt2=val2,...

--serial and --parallel devices share all the same options, unless otherwise noted. Some

of the types of character device redirection are:

--serial pty

Pseudo TTY. The allocated pty will be listed in the running guests XML description.

--serial dev,path=HOSTPATH

Host device. For serial devices, this could be /dev/ttyS0. For parallel devices, this

could be /dev/parport0.

--serial file,path=FILENAME

Write output to FILENAME.

--serial pipe,path=PIPEPATH

Named pipe (see pipe(7))

--serial tcp,host=HOST:PORT,mode=MODE,protocol=PROTOCOL

TCP net console. MODE is either ’bind’ (wait for connections on HOST:PORT) or

’connect’ (send output to HOST:PORT), default is ’connect’. HOST defaults to

’127.0.0.1’, but PORT is required. PROTOCOL can be either ’raw’ or ’telnet’ (default

’raw’). If ’telnet’, the port acts like a telnet server or client. Some examples:

Connect to localhost, port 1234:

--serial tcp,host=:1234

Wait for connections on any address, port 4567:

--serial tcp,host=0.0.0.0:4567,mode=bind

Wait for telnet connection on localhost, port 2222. The user could then connect

interactively to this console via ’telnet localhost 2222’:

--serial tcp,host=:2222,mode=bind,protocol=telnet

--serial udp,host=CONNECT_HOST:PORT,bind_host=BIND_HOST:BIND_PORT

UDP net console. HOST:PORT is the destination to send output to (default HOST is

’127.0.0.1’, PORT is required). BIND_HOST:BIND_PORT is the optional local address to

bind to (default BIND_HOST is 127.0.0.1, but is only set if BIND_PORT is specified).

Some examples:

Send output to default syslog port (may need to edit /etc/rsyslog.conf accordingly):

--serial udp,host=:514

Send output to remote host 192.168.10.20, port 4444 (this output can be read on the

remote host using ’nc -u -l 4444’):

--serial udp,host=192.168.10.20:4444

--serial unix,path=UNIXPATH,mode=MODE

Unix socket, see unix(7). MODE has similar behavior and defaults as --serial

tcp,mode=MODE

--channel

Specifies a communication channel device to connect the guest and host machine. This

option uses the same options as --serial and --parallel for specifying the host/source end

of the channel. Extra ’target’ options are used to specify how the guest machine sees the

channel.

Some of the types of character device redirection are:

--channel SOURCE,target_type=guestfwd,target_address=HOST:PORT

Communication channel using QEMU usermode networking stack. The guest can connect to

the channel using the specified HOST:PORT combination.

--channel SOURCE,target_type=virtio[,name=NAME]

Communication channel using virtio serial (requires 2.6.34 or later host and guest).

Each instance of a virtio --channel line is exposed in the guest as /dev/vport0p1,

/dev/vport0p2, etc. NAME is optional metadata, and can be any string, such as

org.linux-kvm.virtioport1. If specified, this will be exposed in the guest at

/sys/class/virtio-ports/vport0p1/NAME

--channel spicevmc,target_type=virtio[,name=NAME]

Communication channel for QEMU spice agent, using virtio serial (requires 2.6.34 or

later host and guest). NAME is optional metadata, and can be any string, such as the

default com.redhat.spice.0 that specifies how the guest will see the channel.

--console

Connect a text console between the guest and host. Certain guest and hypervisor

combinations can automatically set up a getty in the guest, so an out of the box text

target_type=virtio in the future).

Example:

--console pty,target_type=virtio

Connect a virtio console to the guest, redirected to a PTY on the host. For supported

guests, this exposes /dev/hvc0 in the guest. See

http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Features/VirtioSerial for more info. virtio console

requires libvirt 0.8.3 or later.

--video=VIDEO

Specify what video device model will be attached to the guest. Valid values for VIDEO are

hypervisor specific, but some options for recent kvm are cirrus, vga, qxl, or vmvga

(vmware).

--smartcard=MODE[,OPTS]

Configure a virtual smartcard device.

Mode is one of host, host-certificates, or passthrough. Additional options are:

type

Character device type to connect to on the host. This is only applicable for

passthrough mode.

An example invocation:

--smartcard passthrough,type=spicevmc

Use the smartcard channel of a SPICE graphics device to pass smartcard info to the

guest

See "http://libvirt.org/formatdomain.html#elementsSmartcard" for complete details.

--redirdev=BUS[,OPTS]

Add a redirected device.

type

The redirection type, currently supported is tcp or spicevmc.

server

The TCP server connection details, of the form ’server:port’.

Examples of invocation:

--redirdev usb,type=tcp,server=localhost:4000

Add a USB redirected device provided by the TCP server on ’localhost’ port 4000.

--redirdev usb,type=spicevmc

Add a USB device redirected via a dedicated Spice channel.

--panic OPTS

Attach a panic notifier device to the guest. For the recommended settings, use:

--panic default

See "http://libvirt.org/formatdomain.html#elementsPanic" for complete details.

Miscellaneous Options

--autostart

Set the autostart flag for a domain. This causes the domain to be started on host boot up.

--print-xml

If the requested guest has no install phase (--import, --boot), print the generated XML

instead of defining the guest. By default this WILL do storage creation (can be disabled

with --dry-run).

If the guest has an install phase, you will need to use --print-step to specify exactly

what XML output you want. This option implies --quiet.

--print-step

Acts similarly to --print-xml, except requires specifying which install step to print XML

for. Possible values are 1, 2, 3, or all. Stage 1 is typically booting from the install

media, and stage 2 is typically the final guest config booting off hardisk. Stage 3 is

only relevant for windows installs, which by default have a second install stage. This

option implies --quiet.

--noreboot

Prevent the domain from automatically rebooting after the install has completed.

--wait=WAIT

Amount of time to wait (in minutes) for a VM to complete its install. Without this

option, virt-install will wait for the console to close (not neccessarily indicating the

guest has shutdown), or in the case of --noautoconsole, simply kick off the install and

exit. Any negative value will make virt-install wait indefinitely, a value of 0 triggers

the same results as noautoconsole. If the time limit is exceeded, virt-install simply

exits, leaving the virtual machine in its current state.

--force

Prevent interactive prompts. If the intended prompt was a yes/no prompt, always say yes.

For any other prompts, the application will exit.

--dry-run

Proceed through the guest creation process, but do NOT create storage devices, change host

device configuration, or actually teach libvirt about the guest. virt-install may still

fetch install media, since this is required to properly detect the OS to install.

--prompt

Specifically enable prompting for required information. Default prompting is off (as of

virtinst 0.400.0)

--check-cpu

Check that the number virtual cpus requested does not exceed physical CPUs and warn if

they do.

-q, --quiet

Only print fatal error messages.

-d, --debug

Print debugging information to the terminal when running the install process. The

debugging information is also stored in "$HOME/.virtinst/virt-install.log" even if this

parameter is omitted.

转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/dianel/2150736

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virt-install参数详解

virt-install：安装虚拟机SYNOPSIS virt-install [OPTION]...DESCRIPTION virt-install 是一个安装虚拟机的工具，支持KVM, Xen和使用"libvirt" hypervisor来管理的虚拟机容器。支持通过VNC、SPICE图形界面和文本模式安装虚拟机。支持...
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