C#如何使用数据库

     数据库，在我们开发项目中那是最常见的了，无论复杂的项目、还是简单的项目，只要涉及数据的操作（增删改查），都会用到数据库。当然使用的数据库的种类根据项目的需求不同，也是不同的。在我所做的项目中就是用过ACCESS 2000、SQL Server 2000、Oracle 10g，因此简单总结下c#如何使用数据库的。程序执行sql语句（包括单条sql，多条sql，存储过程，函数等等）大体有三个步骤：连接数据库，执行sql语句，返回结果。那么我们来看看c#是如何完成这三个步骤的。无论哪种数据库都是这三个步骤，那么就不按数据库分了，按照返回结果的类型来分类吧。

数据库连接用的字符串：

即下面代码的connstr

"Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source="数据库路径";Persist Security Info=True;Jet OLEDB:Database Password="密码"

1、  执行sql语句返回受影响的行数

(1)、一条sql语句

        public static int ExecuteNonQuery(string connStr, string sql)          {              OleDbConnection conn = null;              try              {                  conn = new OleDbConnection(connStr);                  conn.Open();                  OleDbCommand command = new OleDbCommand(sql, conn);                  return command.ExecuteNonQuery();              }              catch              {                  return 0;              }              finally              {                  if (conn != null)                      conn.Close();              }          }  

(2)、多条sql语句,返回受影响行数。由于多条sql为了保证数据库的正确性，最好使用事务方式运行。

        public static int ExecuteNonQuery(string connStr, List<string> sqlList)          {              int executeCount = 0;                OleDbTransaction transaction = null;                OleDbConnection conn = null;              try              {                  conn = new OleDbConnection(connStr);                  conn.Open();                    transaction = conn.BeginTransaction();                    OleDbCommand command = new OleDbCommand();                    command.Connection = conn;                    command.Transaction = transaction;                    for (int i = 0; i < sqlList.Count; i++)                  {                      command.CommandText = sqlList[i];                        executeCount += command.ExecuteNonQuery();                  }                  transaction.Commit();              }              catch              {                  if (transaction != null)                      transaction.Rollback();                  return 0;              }              finally              {                  if (conn != null)                      conn.Close();              }              return executeCount;          }

2、返回DataSet

        public static DataSet ExecuteQueryReturnDataSet(string connStr, string sql)          {              OleDbConnection conn = null;              DataSet ds = null;              try              {                  conn = new OleDbConnection(connStr);                  ds = new DataSet();                  conn.Open();                    OleDbDataAdapter command = new OleDbDataAdapter(sql, conn);                  command.Fill(ds, "datasetName");              }              catch              {              }              finally              {                  if (conn != null)                      conn.Close();              }              return ds;          }  

3、返回OleDbDataReader

        public static OleDbDataReader ExecuteQueryReturnReader(string sql, string connStr)          {              OleDbConnection conn = new OleDbConnection();              OleDbDataReader reader = null;                try              {                  conn = new OleDbConnection(connStr);                  conn.Open();                    OleDbCommand command = conn.CreateCommand();                  command.CommandText = sql;                  reader = command.ExecuteReader();              }              catch              {              }              finally              {                  if (conn != null)                      conn.Close();              }              return reader;          }    

4、执行存储过程并返回受影响行数(以Oracle为例)

        public static int RunProcedure(string storedProcName, IDataParameter[] parameters)          {              int result = 0;               try              {                  using (OracleConnection connection = new OracleConnection(GetConnectionString()))                  {                      connection.Open();                         OracleCommand command = BuildQueryCommand(connection, storedProcName, parameters);                         result = command.ExecuteNonQuery();                  }              }              catch (Exception e)              {                }                 return result;          }          private static OracleCommand BuildQueryCommand(OracleConnection connection, string storedProcName,                 IDataParameter[] parameters)          {              OracleCommand command = new OracleCommand(storedProcName, connection);                 command.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;                 foreach (OracleParameter parameter in parameters)              {                  command.Parameters.Add(parameter);              }                return command;          }  

5、带参数的sql语句

        public static int ExecuteNonQuery(string sql,string connStr, OleDbParameter[] commandParameters)          {              int count = 0;              OleDbCommand cmd = new OleDbCommand();                 OleDbConnection conn = null;              try              {                  conn = new OleDbConnection(connStr);                  PrepareCommand(cmd, conn,sql, commandParameters);                  count = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();                  cmd.Parameters.Clear();              }              catch              {              }              finally              {                    if (conn != null)                  {                      conn.Close();                  }              }              return count;          }            private static void PrepareCommand(OleDbCommand cmd, OleDbConnection conn, string sql, OleDbParameter[] cmdParms)          {              if (conn.State != ConnectionState.Open)                  conn.Open();                 cmd.Connection = conn;              cmd.CommandText = sql;              cmd.CommandType = CommandType.Text;                 if (cmdParms != null)              {                  foreach (OleDbParameter parm in cmdParms)                      cmd.Parameters.Add(parm);              }          }   

一般常用的就这么几种，数据库的几个重要对象分别是：OleDbCommand、OleDbConnection、OleDbDataReader、OleDbDataAdapter、DataSet。对于不同数据库，有几个对象需要对应相应数据库的对象。OleDbCommand、OleDbConnection、OleDbDataReader、OleDbDataAdapter,Oracle下OleDb换成Oracle，Sql Server下 则换成SQL。

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