java读写文件区别_java四种文件读写方式及性能比较

测试代码

package com.boot.demo.test.io;

import java.io.*;

import java.lang.reflect.Method;

import java.nio.MappedByteBuffer;

import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;

import java.nio.file.Files;

import java.nio.file.Paths;

import java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption;

import java.security.AccessController;

import java.security.PrivilegedAction;

/**

* @author braska

* @date 2020/3/19

**/

public class FileTest {

public static void fileStream(String sourceFile, String targetFile) {

File file = new File(targetFile);

try (FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(sourceFile);

FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(file)) {

byte[] bytes = new byte[1024 * 1024];

int len;

while ((len = fis.read(bytes)) > 0) {

fos.write(bytes, 0, len);

}

} catch (Exception e) {

}

}

public static void bufferStream(String sourceFile, String targetFile) {

try (BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(Files.newInputStream(Paths.get(sourceFile)));

BufferedOutputStream bos =

new BufferedOutputStream(Files.newOutputStream(Paths.get(targetFile),

StandardOpenOption.CREATE,

StandardOpenOption.TRUNCATE_EXISTING,

StandardOpenOption.WRITE))) {

byte[] bytes = new byte[1024 * 1024];

int len;

while ((len = bis.read(bytes)) > 0) {

bos.write(bytes, 0, len);

}

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

public static void randomFile(String sourceFile, String targetFile) {

try (RandomAccessFile read = new RandomAccessFile(sourceFile, "r");

RandomAccessFile write = new RandomAccessFile(targetFile, "rw")) {

byte[] bytes = new byte[1024 * 1024];

int len;

while ((len = read.read(bytes)) > 0) {

write.write(bytes, 0, len);

}

} catch (Exception e) {

}

}

public static void memoryMap(String sourceFile, String targetFile) {

try (FileChannel rc = FileChannel.open(Paths.get(sourceFile));

FileChannel wc = FileChannel.open(Paths.get(targetFile),

StandardOpenOption.CREATE,

StandardOpenOption.READ,

StandardOpenOption.TRUNCATE_EXISTING,

StandardOpenOption.WRITE)) {

long copy = 1L << 30;

long cur = 0;

long fileLength = rc.size();

while (cur < fileLength) {

MappedByteBuffer rMap = rc.map(FileChannel.MapMode.READ_ONLY, cur, copy);

MappedByteBuffer wMap = wc.map(FileChannel.MapMode.READ_WRITE, cur, copy);

for (int i = 0; i < copy; i++) {

byte b = rMap.get(i);//从源文件读取字节

wMap.put(i, b);//把字节写到目标文件中

}

System.gc();//手动调用 GC

System.runFinalization();

cur += copy;

copy = cur + copy > fileLength ? (fileLength - cur) : copy;

}

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

public static void clean(final MappedByteBuffer buffer) throws Exception {

if (buffer == null) {

return;

}

buffer.force();

AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction() {//Privileged特权

@Override

public Object run() {

try {

// System.out.println(buffer.getClass().getName());

Method getCleanerMethod = buffer.getClass().getMethod("cleaner", new Class[0]);

getCleanerMethod.setAccessible(true);

sun.misc.Cleaner cleaner = (sun.misc.Cleaner) getCleanerMethod.invoke(buffer, new Object[0]);

cleaner.clean();

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

return null;

}

});

}

private static String buildFilePath(String path, String fileName, String extension) {

return String.format("%s%s.%s", path, fileName, extension);

}

public static void main(String[] args) {

/* String path = "F:\\workspace\\demo\\";

String extension = "hprof";

// 30M文件

String sourceFile = buildFilePath(path, "01", extension);*/

/* String path = "E:\\software\\";

String extension = "exe";

// 460M文件

String sourceFile = buildFilePath(path, "Anaconda3-2019.10-Windows-x86_64", extension);*/

String path = "E:\\software\\";

String extension = "zip";

// 1.47G文件

String sourceFile = buildFilePath(path, "software", extension);

String targetFile;

long start;

/* targetFile = buildFilePath(path, "target_file_stream", extension);

start = System.currentTimeMillis();

FileTest.fileStream(sourceFile, targetFile);

System.out.println("file stream used time:" + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start));*/

/* targetFile = buildFilePath(path, "target_buffer_stream", extension);

start = System.currentTimeMillis();

FileTest.bufferStream(sourceFile, targetFile);

System.out.println("buffer stream used time:" + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start));*/

/* targetFile = buildFilePath(path, "target_random_file", extension);

start = System.currentTimeMillis();

FileTest.randomFile(sourceFile, targetFile);

System.out.println("random file used time:" + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start));*/

targetFile = buildFilePath(path, "target_memory_map", extension);

start = System.currentTimeMillis();

FileTest.memoryMap(sourceFile, targetFile);

System.out.println("memory map used time:" + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start));

}

}

测试结果

文件大小读写方式耗时

30M

普通文件流

50-60 ms

缓存流

32-35ms

随机文件方式

40-50ms

内存映射文件

50-60ms

461M

普通文件流

1300-2300 ms

缓存流

1700-2000 ms

随机文件方式

1300-3000 ms

内存映射文件

890-1000 ms

1.47G

普通文件流

11s

缓存流

9s

随机文件方式

10s

内存映射文件

1.6s