一、Promise 简单介绍
说是简单介绍,真的很简单。
promise的主要作用是能解决JS多层次回调代码难以理解与维护。 把嵌套回调写成看起来像是平行代码。
详细可参考
1.Promise什么是?有什么作用?本质是什么?
2.JavaScript 标准库 Promise
二、手写promise 简单实现
直接上代码
const PENDING = "pending";//初始值,不是fulfilled,也不是rejected
const FULFILLED = "filfilled";//代表操作成功
const REJECTED = "rejected";//代表操作失败
function myPromise(fn) {
console.log(1);
let that = this;
that.state = PENDING;
that.value = null;
that.resolvedCallBacks = [];
that.rejectedCallBacks = [];
// 首先两个函数都得判断当前状态是否为等待中,因为规范规定只有等待态才可以改变状态
// 将当前状态更改为对应状态,并且将传入的值赋值给 value
// 遍历回调数组并执行
function resolve(value) {
console.log(2);
if (that.state == PENDING) {
that.value = value;
that.resolvedCallBacks.map(cb => that.value);
}
};
function reject(value) {
console.log(3);
if (that.state == PENDING) {
that.value = value;
that.rejectedCallBacks.map(cb => that.value);
}
};
// 实现很简单,执行传入的参数并且将之前两个函数当做参数传进去
// 要注意的是,可能执行函数过程中会遇到错误,需要捕获错误并且执行 reject 函数
try {
console.log(4);
fn(resolve, reject)
} catch (e) {
console.log(5);
reject(e)
}
}
myPromise.prototype.then = function (onFulfilled, onRejected) {
const that = this;
console.log(6);
// 首先判断两个参数是否为函数类型,因为这两个参数是可选参数
// 当参数不是函数类型时,需要创建一个函数赋值给对应的参数,同时也实现了透传
onFulfilled = typeof onFulfilled === "function" ? onFulfilled : v => v;
onRejected = typeof onRejected === "function" ? onRejected : r => { throw r };
// 接下来就是一系列判断状态的逻辑,当状态不是等待态时,就去执行相对应的函数。
// 如果状态是等待态的话,就往回调函数中 push 函数
if (that.state === PENDING) {
that.resolvedCallBacks.push(onFulfilled);
that.rejectedCallBacks.push(onRejected);
}
if (that.state === FULFILLED) {
onFulfilled(that.value)
}
if (that.state === REJECTED) {
onRejected(that.value)
}
}
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调用示例
new myPromise((resolve, reject) => {
setTimeout(() => {
resolve(1)
}, 3000)
}).then(res => {
console.log(res)
console.log(7)
}, err => {
console.log(8)
})
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三、进阶 符合A+规范的promise示例
手写Promise——基于es6的Promise实现(含详细注释)