Netty 4.0源码分析1：服务端启动过程中的Channel与EventLoopGroup的注册

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启动服务端的代码如下：

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        SelfSignedCertificate ssc = new SelfSignedCertificate();
        SslContext sslCtx = SslContext.newServerContext(ssc.certificate(), ssc.privateKey());

        EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(1);
        EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        try {
            ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
            b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
             .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
             .handler(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO))
             .childHandler(new SecureChatServerInitializer(sslCtx));

            b.bind(PORT).sync().channel().closeFuture().sync();//调用bind方法时启动线程
        } finally {
            bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
            workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }

其中ServerBootstrap的bind方法通过调用父类的initAndRegister构造一个Channel，并把Channel注册到EventLoopGroup

    final ChannelFuture initAndRegister() {
        final Channel channel = channelFactory().newChannel();
        try {
            init(channel);
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            channel.unsafe().closeForcibly();
            return new DefaultChannelPromise(channel, GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE).setFailure(t);
        }

        ChannelFuture regFuture = group().register(channel);//把channel注册到EventLoopGroup(NioEventLoopGroup)
        if (regFuture.cause() != null) {
            if (channel.isRegistered()) {
                channel.close();
            } else {
                channel.unsafe().closeForcibly();
            }
        }
        return regFuture;
    }

注册代码如下

    public ChannelFuture register(Channel channel) {
        return next().register(channel);//从EventLoopGroup里获取一个NioEventLoop,并注册channel
    }  
  public ChannelFuture register(final Channel channel, final ChannelPromise promise) {
        if (channel == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("channel");
        }
        if (promise == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("promise");
        }

        channel.unsafe().register(this, promise);//注册过程其实是把NioEventLoop（中的selector）注册到channel
        return promise;
    }

可以看到Channel注册到EventLoopGroup的过程被转换成NioEventLoop（中的selector）注册到channel。

转换后的注册过程如下：

        public final void register(EventLoop eventLoop, final ChannelPromise promise) {
            if (eventLoop == null) {
                throw new NullPointerException("eventLoop");
            }
            if (isRegistered()) {
                promise.setFailure(new IllegalStateException("registered to an event loop already"));
                return;
            }
            if (!isCompatible(eventLoop)) {
                promise.setFailure(
                        new IllegalStateException("incompatible event loop type: " + eventLoop.getClass().getName()));
                return;
            }
            AbstractChannel.this.eventLoop = eventLoop;
            if (eventLoop.inEventLoop()) {
                register0(promise);
            } else {//启动的时候执行else中的代码
                try {
                    eventLoop.execute(new OneTimeTask() {//这个方法调用回启动
                        @Override
                        public void run() {
                            register0(promise);
                        }
                    });
                } catch (Throwable t) {
                    logger.warn(
                            "Force-closing a channel whose registration task was not accepted by an event loop: {}",
                            AbstractChannel.this, t);
                    closeForcibly();
                    closeFuture.setClosed();
                    safeSetFailure(promise, t);
                }
            }
        }

启动的时候执行else里的代码，调用eventLoop的execute方法，该方法启动eventLoop中的线程，并把register0作为一个任务，提交给eventLoop中的任务队列。

register0的代码如下：

        private void register0(ChannelPromise promise) {
            try {
                if (!promise.setUncancellable() || !ensureOpen(promise)) {
                    return;
                }
                boolean firstRegistration = neverRegistered;
                doRegister();
                neverRegistered = false;
                registered = true;
                safeSetSuccess(promise);
                pipeline.fireChannelRegistered();
                if (firstRegistration && isActive()) {
                    pipeline.fireChannelActive();
                }
            } catch (Throwable t) {
                closeForcibly();
                closeFuture.setClosed();
                safeSetFailure(promise, t);
            }
        }

    protected void doRegister() throws Exception {
        boolean selected = false;
        for (;;) {
            try {
                selectionKey = javaChannel().register(eventLoop().selector, 0, this);//SelectableChannel
                return;
            } catch (CancelledKeyException e) {
                if (!selected) {
                    eventLoop().selectNow();
                    selected = true;
                } else {
                    throw e;
                }
            }
        }
    }

可以看到最终的注册过程是调用jdk的SelectableChannel的register方法，把NioEventLoop的selector注册到了channel上。

下面再看看eventLoop中的线程执行循环,代码如下：

@Override
    protected void run() {
        for (;;) {
            boolean oldWakenUp = wakenUp.getAndSet(false);
            try {
                if (hasTasks()) {
                    selectNow();
                } else {
                    select(oldWakenUp);
                    if (wakenUp.get()) {
                        selector.wakeup();
                    }
                }
                cancelledKeys = 0;
                needsToSelectAgain = false;
                final int ioRatio = this.ioRatio;
                if (ioRatio == 100) {
                    processSelectedKeys();
                    runAllTasks(); //执行任务队列中的任务
                } else {
                    final long ioStartTime = System.nanoTime();
                    processSelectedKeys();
                    final long ioTime = System.nanoTime() - ioStartTime;
                    runAllTasks(ioTime * (100 - ioRatio) / ioRatio);//执行任务队列中的任务
                }
                if (isShuttingDown()) {
                    closeAll();
                    if (confirmShutdown()) {
                        break;
                    }
                }
            } catch (Throwable t) {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                }
            }
        }
    }

总结一下：

调用ServerBootstrap的bind方法启动服务端的时候，先创建一个Channel对象，然后从NioEventLoopGroup里获取一个NioEventLoop，然后启动NioEventLoop中的线程，同时把注册任务提交到NioEventLoop中的任务队列。NioEventLoop中的线程循环执行，在一定条件下会执行任务队列中的注册任务，从而把NioEventLoop的selector注册到Channel对象。

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/u/1539926/blog/394282