mysql 排序 前几之和_MySQL学习笔记之三排序和过滤

在数据库的使用中排序和过滤也是经常的操作

>排序检索数据,关键字order

##1.按照某个列名排序

```

普通排序

mysql> select * from user;

+----+--------+-----+-----------------------+-----+

| id | name | age | address | sex |

+----+--------+-----+-----------------------+-----+

| 1 | 张三 | 20 | 北京海底市南区 | 1 |

| 2 | 李四 | 22 | 北京海底市南区 | 1 |

| 3 | 赵芸 | 32 | 上海市徐汇区 | 2 |

| 4 | 王丽 | 31 | 广州厦门 | 2 |

+----+--------+-----+-----------------------+-----+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

按照列名name排序是什么样呢？

mysql> select * from user order by name;

+----+--------+-----+-----------------------+-----+

| id | name | age | address | sex |

+----+--------+-----+-----------------------+-----+

| 1 | 张三 | 20 | 北京海底市南区 | 1 |

| 2 | 李四 | 22 | 北京海底市南区 | 1 |

| 4 | 王丽 | 31 | 广州厦门 | 2 |

| 3 | 赵芸 | 32 | 上海市徐汇区 | 2 |

+----+--------+-----+-----------------------+-----+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

```

##2.按照多个列名排序

```

mysql> select * from user order by name, age;

+----+--------+-----+-----------------------+-----+

| id | name | age | address | sex |

+----+--------+-----+-----------------------+-----+

| 1 | 张三 | 20 | 北京海底市南区 | 1 |

| 2 | 李四 | 22 | 北京海底市南区 | 1 |

| 4 | 王丽 | 31 | 广州厦门 | 2 |

| 3 | 赵芸 | 32 | 上海市徐汇区 | 2 |

+----+--------+-----+-----------------------+-----+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

```

##3.指定排序方向，默认为字母(a-z),升序

```

使用关键字desc,可以改为降序排列

mysql> select * from user order by name desc;

+----+--------+-----+-----------------------+-----+

| id | name | age | address | sex |

+----+--------+-----+-----------------------+-----+

| 3 | 赵芸 | 32 | 上海市徐汇区 | 2 |

| 4 | 王丽 | 31 | 广州厦门 | 2 |

| 2 | 李四 | 22 | 北京海底市南区 | 1 |

| 1 | 张三 | 20 | 北京海底市南区 | 1 |

+----+--------+-----+-----------------------+-----+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

```

##4.和limit配合使用，限制检索数据数量

```

mysql> select * from user order by name limit 3;

+----+--------+-----+-----------------------+-----+

| id | name | age | address | sex |

+----+--------+-----+-----------------------+-----+

| 1 | 张三 | 20 | 北京海底市南区 | 1 |

| 2 | 李四 | 22 | 北京海底市南区 | 1 |

| 4 | 王丽 | 31 | 广州厦门 | 2 |

+----+--------+-----+-----------------------+-----+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

```

> 数据过滤，关键字where

##1.检索某一条记录

```

mysql> select * from user where id = 2;

+----+--------+-----+-----------------------+-----+

| id | name | age | address | sex |

+----+--------+-----+-----------------------+-----+

| 2 | 李四 | 22 | 北京海底市南区 | 1 |

+----+--------+-----+-----------------------+-----+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

和order by 配合使用

mysql> select * from user where id <4 order by name limit 3;

+----+--------+-----+-----------------------+-----+

| id | name | age | address | sex |

+----+--------+-----+-----------------------+-----+

| 1 | 张三 | 20 | 北京海底市南区 | 1 |

| 2 | 李四 | 22 | 北京海底市南区 | 1 |

| 3 | 赵芸 | 32 | 上海市徐汇区 | 2 |

+----+--------+-----+-----------------------+-----+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

关于where子句的位置: 在同时使用where和order by子句时候, 我们应该让order by位于where 子句之后。

```

##2.范围检索--between

```

mysql> select * from user where id between 2 and 4;

+----+--------+-----+-----------------------+-----+

| id | name | age | address | sex |

+----+--------+-----+-----------------------+-----+

| 2 | 李四 | 22 | 北京海底市南区 | 1 |

| 3 | 赵芸 | 32 | 上海市徐汇区 | 2 |

| 4 | 王丽 | 31 | 广州厦门 | 2 |

+----+--------+-----+-----------------------+-----+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

```

##3.过滤--组合where

```

mysql> select * from user where id >1 and id < 4;

+----+--------+-----+-----------------------+-----+

| id | name | age | address | sex |

+----+--------+-----+-----------------------+-----+

| 2 | 李四 | 22 | 北京海底市南区 | 1 |

| 3 | 赵芸 | 32 | 上海市徐汇区 | 2 |

+----+--------+-----+-----------------------+-----+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

```

## 4. 数据过滤--or 操作符

```

mysql> select * from user where id <2 or id >=3;

+----+--------+-----+-----------------------+-----+

| id | name | age | address | sex |

+----+--------+-----+-----------------------+-----+

| 1 | 张三 | 20 | 北京海底市南区 | 1 |

| 3 | 赵芸 | 32 | 上海市徐汇区 | 2 |

| 4 | 王丽 | 31 | 广州厦门 | 2 |

+----+--------+-----+-----------------------+-----+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

```

##5.数据过滤--in 操作符

```

in操作符可以用于指定操作范围，范围内每个条件都可以进行匹配。

mysql> select * from user where name in ("张三","李四");

+----+--------+-----+-----------------------+-----+

| id | name | age | address | sex |

+----+--------+-----+-----------------------+-----+

| 1 | 张三 | 20 | 北京海底市南区 | 1 |

| 2 | 李四 | 22 | 北京海底市南区 | 1 |

+----+--------+-----+-----------------------+-----+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

in操作符的优势：

1. 使用长的合法选项清单时候, in操作符比较直观。

2. in操作符计算的次序比较好管理

3. in操作符一般比or操作符效率快

4. in操作符可以包括其他select语句，能够更加动态的创建where子句

```

##6.数据过滤--not操作符

```

not操作符只有一个特点, 就是否定它后面的任何条件。

mysql支持not对in, between, exists子句取反。

mysql> select * from user where name not in ("张三","李四");

+----+--------+-----+--------------------+-----+

| id | name | age | address | sex |

+----+--------+-----+--------------------+-----+

| 3 | 赵芸 | 32 | 上海市徐汇区 | 2 |

| 4 | 王丽 | 31 | 广州厦门 | 2 |

+----+--------+-----+--------------------+-----+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

```