要把函数作为参数传递时,有两种方法:1.函数指针;2.仿函数.
函数指针的方法比较常用:
Code
typedef int (*pf)(int,int);
int f(pf p,int a,int b){
return p(a,b);
}
int add(int a,int b){
return a+b;
}
int main(){
cout<<f(add,1,2)<<endl;
}
typedef int (*pf)(int,int);
int f(pf p,int a,int b){
return p(a,b);
}
int add(int a,int b){
return a+b;
}
int main(){
cout<<f(add,1,2)<<endl;
}
但用函数指针时,它无法持有自己的状(局部状态,local states),仿函数就克服了这个缺点.
仿函数:
template
<
class
T
>
class Sum{
T res;
public :
Sum(T i = 0 ):res(i){}
void operator ()(T x){
res += x;
}
T result() const {
return res;
}
};
template < class T >
struct testplus{
T operator ()( const T & x, const T & y) const {
return x + y;
}
};
int main(){
list < double > l;
l.push_back( 1.0 );
l.push_back( 2.0 );
Sum < double > s;
s = for_each(l.begin(),l.end(),s);
cout << " the sum is " << s.result() << endl;
// cout<<plus<int>(1,2)<<endl;//error for lost ()
testplus < int > plusobj;
cout << plusobj( 1 , 2 ) << endl << testplus < int > ()( 2 , 2 );
}
class Sum{
T res;
public :
Sum(T i = 0 ):res(i){}
void operator ()(T x){
res += x;
}
T result() const {
return res;
}
};
template < class T >
struct testplus{
T operator ()( const T & x, const T & y) const {
return x + y;
}
};
int main(){
list < double > l;
l.push_back( 1.0 );
l.push_back( 2.0 );
Sum < double > s;
s = for_each(l.begin(),l.end(),s);
cout << " the sum is " << s.result() << endl;
// cout<<plus<int>(1,2)<<endl;//error for lost ()
testplus < int > plusobj;
cout << plusobj( 1 , 2 ) << endl << testplus < int > ()( 2 , 2 );
}