关于shm_open和shm_unlink的使用问题 referencefunctionobjectsystembehaviorlinux C programming in the UNIX environment的编程手册,一般都会为进程间用共享内存的方法通信提供两组方法: 1. POSIX定义的: int shm_open(const char *name, int oflag, mode_t mode); int shm_unlink(const char *name); int ftruncate(int fd, off_t length); 2. SYSTEM V定义的 int shmget(key_t key, int size, int shmflg); void *shmat(int shmid, const void *shmaddr, int shmflg); int shmdt(const void *shmaddr); int shmctl(int shmid, int cmd, struct shmid_ds *buf); 由于POSIX标准比较通用,一般建议使用该标准定义的方法集。 但是在使用shm_open和shm_unlink两个函数时,你可能遇到和我同样的问题,见如下代码。 该代码旨在测试你的系统是否支持POSIX定义的共享内存函数集。 /* This is just to test if the function is found in the libs. */ #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <sys/mman.h> #include <sys/stat.h> int main (void) { int i; i = shm_open ("/tmp/shared", O_CREAT | O_EXCL, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR); printf ("shm_open rc = %d/n", i); shm_unlink ("/tmp/shared"); return (0); } 假设它所在的文件为"test.c" 我这么编译: gcc -o test test.c 结果为: /tmp/ccaGhdRt.o(.text+0x23): In function `main': : undefined reference to `shm_open' /tmp/ccaGhdRt.o(.text+0x49): In function `main': : undefined reference to `shm_unlink' collect2: ld returned 1 exit status 编译结果实际上是说,没include相应的头文件,或是头文件不存在(即系统不支持该库函数) 但我man shm_open是可以找到帮助文件的(说明系统支持),原因何在??? 请注意一下man shm_open的帮助文件的最后几行: NOTES These functions are provided in glibc 2.2 and later. Programs using these functions must specify the -lrt flag to cc in order to link against the required ("realtime") library. POSIX leaves the behavior of the combination of O_RDONLY and O_TRUNC unspecified. On Linux, this will successfully truncate an existing shared memory object - this may not be so on other Unices. The POSIX shared memory object implementation on Linux 2.4 makes use of a dedicated file system, which is normally mounted under /dev/shm. 如果你注意到的话,这样编译就能通过了: gcc -lrt -o test test.c
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