linux磁盘分区

一、fdisk分区
1、fdisk –l 查看磁盘
Disk /dev/sda: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 13054 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0005bc15

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 39 307200 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 39 549 4096000 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda3 549 13055 100453376 83 Linux

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
2、对/dev/sdb分区
fdisk /dev/sdb
m

fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x0305dd84.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-2610, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610): +10G

Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0305dd84

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 1306 10490413+ 83 Linux

Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition 删除分区
l list known partition types 查看分区类型对应的编号
m print this menu 打印帮助菜单
n add a new partition 新建一个分区
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table 打印分区列表
q quit without saving changes 不保存退出
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit 保存退出
x extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
e
Partition number (1-4): 2
First cylinder (1307-2610, default 1307):
Using default value 1307
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1307-2610, default 2610):
Using default value 2610

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0305dd84

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 1306 10490413+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 1307 2610 10474380 5 Extended

Command (m for help): n
Command action
l logical (5 or over)
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 3
No free sectors available

Command (m for help): n
Command action
l logical (5 or over)
p primary partition (1-4)
l
First cylinder (1307-2610, default 1307):
Using default value 1307
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1307-2610, default 2610): +1G

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0305dd84

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 1306 10490413+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 1307 2610 10474380 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 1307 1438 1060258+ 83 Linux

Command (m for help): n
Command action
l logical (5 or over)
p primary partition (1-4)
l
First cylinder (1439-2610, default 1439):
Using default value 1439
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1439-2610, default 2610):
Using default value 2610

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0305dd84

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 1306 10490413+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 1307 2610 10474380 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 1307 1438 1060258+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb6 1439 2610 9414058+ 83 Linux
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
3、修改分区生效
partprobe /dev/sdb 修改分区生效
fdisk 分区完成
用fdisk分区的实质就是修改64字节的分区表信息
4、格式化磁盘
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
mount /dev/sdb1 /data 临时挂在磁盘
umount /data 取消挂在

二、parted分区
1、使用parted分区
parted /dev/sdb
2、转换格式
parted /dev/sdb mklabel gpt
3、添加主分区
parted /dev/sdb mkpart primary 0 10240
4、添加逻辑分区
parted /dev/sdb mkpart logical 10241 20480
5、格式化分区
mkfs –t ext4 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2
6、挂载到目录
mount /dev/sdb2 /data
7、使用parted删除分区
parted /dev/sdb
GNU Parted 2.1
Using /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) rm 6
Error: Partition doesn't exist.
(parted) rm 5
(parted) p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos

Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 32.3kB 10.7GB 10.7GB primary ext4
2 10.7GB 21.5GB 10.7GB extended

(parted) rm 2
(parted) rm 1
(parted) p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos

使用parted添加分区案例
parted /dev/sdb

parted /dev/sdb
GNU Parted 2.1
Using /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) help
align-check TYPE N check partition N for TYPE(min|opt)
alignment
check NUMBER do a simple check on the file system
cp [FROM-DEVICE] FROM-NUMBER TO-NUMBER copy file system to another
partition
help [COMMAND] print general help, or help on
COMMAND
mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE create a new disklabel (partition
table)
mkfs NUMBER FS-TYPE make a FS-TYPE file system on
partition NUMBER
mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END make a partition
mkpartfs PART-TYPE FS-TYPE START END make a partition with a file system
move NUMBER START END move partition NUMBER
name NUMBER NAME name partition NUMBER as NAME
print [devices|free|list,all|NUMBER] display the partition table,
available devices, free space, all found partitions, or a particular
partition
quit exit program
rescue START END rescue a lost partition near START
and END
resize NUMBER START END resize partition NUMBER and its file
system
rm NUMBER delete partition NUMBER
select DEVICE choose the device to edit
set NUMBER FLAG STATE change the FLAG on partition NUMBER
toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]] toggle the state of FLAG on
partition NUMBER
unit UNIT set the default unit to UNIT
version display the version number and
copyright information of GNU Parted
(parted) mklabel gpt
Warning: The existing disk label on /dev/sdb will be destroyed and all data on
this disk will be lost. Do you want to continue?
Yes/No? yes
(parted) p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt

Number Start End Size File system Name Flags

(parted) mkpart primary 0 10240
Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.
Ignore/Cancel? yes
parted: invalid token: yes
Ignore/Cancel? Ignore
(parted) p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt

Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 17.4kB 10.2GB 10.2GB primary

(parted) mkpart logical 10241 20480
(parted) p
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 17.4kB 10.2GB 10.2GB primary
2 10.2GB 20.5GB 10.2GB logical

(parted) quit
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
[root@mysql ~]# ll /dev/sdb
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 16 Jun 6 14:12 /dev/sdb
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 17 Jun 6 14:11 /dev/sdb1
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 18 Jun 6 14:11 /dev/sdb2
[root@mysql ~]# ll /dev/sd
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 0 Jun 6 13:48 /dev/sda
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 1 Jun 6 13:30 /dev/sda1
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 2 Jun 6 13:30 /dev/sda2
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 3 Jun 6 13:30 /dev/sda3
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 16 Jun 6 14:12 /dev/sdb
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 17 Jun 6 14:11 /dev/sdb1
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 18 Jun 6 14:11 /dev/sdb2
[root@mysql ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb2
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
625856 inodes, 2499584 blocks
124979 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2562719744
77 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8128 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632

Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 25 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@mysql ~]# mount /dev/sdb2 /data
[root@mysql ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 95G 4.6G 85G 6% /
tmpfs 935M 76K 935M 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 291M 39M 238M 14% /boot
/dev/sdb2 9.4G 150M 8.8G 2% /data
三、fdisk与parted区别
parted命令可以划分单个分区大于2T的GPT格式的分区，也可以划分普通的MBR分区，fdisk命令对于大于2T的分区无法划分（大于2.2TB的存储空间用fdisk不支持，需要采用parted来分区），所以用fdisk无法看到parted划分的GPT格式的分区。

转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/jjpcy/2126104